...sentinel over the public rights."3 And with power divided between the states and the national government, "the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself."4 It was not intended that the American government should be neat or efficient or predictable....

...the eighteenth-century American Federalist Papers, No. 51, according to which the different powers will 'control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself (Madison et al. 1787: 321). This idea is yet more relevant in the present European context,...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.169 Madison's argument that the states might legitimately protect constitutional rights rests...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.66 Madison proved to be quite a good prophet, though both in the early nineteenth century and...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.3 But this scheme, for all intents and purposes, is failing. Power is steadily flowing from...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. ... It is of great importance in a republic not only to guard the society against the oppression...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. (Madison, 1788, The Federalist Papers, 196128) between central and intermediate layers of governments....

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. : Federalism is justified for its contribution to securing rights. The argument had been made...

...power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate...other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself (Federalist, Number 51). INTRODUCTION The Founders of the American Republic understood that...

...state and national powers and by the separation of powers within the states. "Hence," wrote Madison, "a double security arises to the rights of the people....other at the same time that each will be controlled by itself."9* Madison sought to strengthen this security by supporting in the Constitutional Convention...