CHANDLER'S

ENCYCLOPEDIA

AN EPITOME

OF

UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE

IN THREE VOLUMES

EDITED BY

WILLIAM HENRY CHANDLER, PH.D., F.C.S.

OF THE LEHIGH UNIVERSITY

WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM A LARGE NUMBER OF EMINENT SCIENTISTS

ILLUSTRATED BY COLORED MAPS AND ENGRAVINGS

VOLUME ONE

TV

NEW YORK

PETER FENELON COLLIER

MDCCCXCVIII

CHANDLER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

WILLIAM HENRY CHANDLER, Ph.D., F.C.S.,

Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Library, Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa.; United States Commis-
sioner to the Exposition Universelle, 1889, Paris, France; Co-editor with his brother, Prof. Charles Frederic
Chandler, Ph.D., of Columbia University, New York City, of "The American Chemist,” 1871–77.

HENRY HIRAM WING, M.S., Ithaca, N. Y.; Assistant Professor of Animal Industry and

Dairy Husbandry in Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Author of Milk and its Products,

1897. Contributor to the Bulletins and Reports of the New York and Cornell University

Agricultural Experiment Stations; previously Assistant Director of the New York Agri-

cultural Experiment Station 1882-84; Instructor in Agriculture and Superintendent of the

College Farm, in the University of Nebraska, 1884-88; and Deputy Director and Secretary

of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 1888-94.

ANATOMY-HYGIENE-MEDICINE-PHYSIOLOGY-SURGERY

WILLIAM L. ESTES, M.D.; Director of St. Luke's Hospital, and Lecturer on Physiology and
Hygiene, Lehigh University, both at South Bethlehem, Pa.

A. L. KOTZ, M.D., Easton, Pa.

CHARLES MCINTIRE, M.D., Easton, Pa.; Secretary of the American Academy of Medicine,
and Lecturer on Hygiene, Lafayette College, Easton.

WILLIAM K. OTIS, M.D., Consulting Surgeon City Hospital, and Attending Surgeon St.
Mark's Hospital, New York City.

ANIMALS, DOMESTIC

PROF. JULIUS NELSON.

PROF. HENRY H. WING, M.S.

ANTHROPOLOGY—BIOLOGY—DOMESTIC ANIMALS-ETHNOLOGY—ZOOLOGY

JULIUS NELSON, Professor of Biology in Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., and Biologist

of the New Jersey State Agricultural College Experiment Station. Author of Vertebrates of

New Jersey, 1890; Reports on Oyster Culture, 1888-92; Tuberculosis, 1893-96; Syllabus

of Zoology, 1893.

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