3.5. 153. For the metre, see note on 1. 2. 9.

That it is found | in Nób | le-men, | and Gentle men,

3.5. 154. Of the best sheafe. The term sheaf is applied to various things collected or bundled together.'-Nares, Gloss. Here it means rank or class. Cf. Every Man Out (Wks. 2. 51): 'I am so haunted at the court, and at my lodging, with your refined choice spirits, that it makes me clean of another garb, another sheaf, I know not how! I cannot frame me to your harsh vulgar phrase, 'tis against my genius.' Cf. also Staunton's emendation of Hamlet 1. 3. 74, and Ingleby's citations in support of Staunton in the Furness Variorum, p. 69.

3. 5. 156. The accent may be upon a monosyllabic preposition (Abbott, § 457a).

And pub | like re | puta | tion to | defend.

3. 5. 158-65. And... foot. This passage apparently alludes to the struggle of the citizens of London to resist thy compulsory loans, benevolences, imposts, and rates upon merchandise by which Charles strove to govern without parliament. This play, it should be remembered, was acted three years after Charles had dissolved his third parliament. The opposition of the citizens, as Compass remarks, was not furious, but close and united. London was, later, during the Civil War, the stronghold of the parliamentary party. See Norton's Historical Account of the City of London, chap. 6, and Gardiner's History of England, Vol. 6.

3. 5. 170. For the metre, see note on I. 3. 41.

There are three val | ours yet, | which Sir | Diaphanous,

3.5. 175. our Genii, or good spirits. Genius: 'With reference to classical pagan belief: The tutelary god or attendant spirit alloted to every person at his birth, to govern his fortunes and determine his character, and finally to conduct him out of the world.' Shaks. Macb. 3. 1. 56 : 'Under him

My Genius is rebuk'd, as it is said
Mark Anthonies was by Caesar.'-NED.

3. 5. 179. Sine divino aliquo afflatu. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2. 66. 167: Nemo igitur vir magnus sine aliquo afflatu divino unquam fuit.'

3. 5. 180. a Christian valour. Cf. Matt. 5.39-41: 'But I say unto you, Resist not him that is evil: but whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if any man would go to law with thee, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also. And whosoever shall compel thee to go one mile, go with him two.'

3.5. 183. For the metre, see notes on 3. 4. 64; 3. 5. 186. See also Abbott, § 457a.

With Ín | jury doth | unto | you; and | consists

3.5. 188. The divine Image. Alluding to Gen. 1. 26, etc. 3. 5. 188. For the metre, see note on I. I. 61.

The di | vine Ím | age in | a man? | O Sir!
|

3. 6. 13. butter'd newes! This is an allusion to Nathaniel Butter (d. 1664), whom Jonson had satirized in The Staple of News. He was a publisher and news-collector. By his success in reporting news he virtually created the London press. See DNB., and Winter's edition of The Staple of News, Introduction, pp. XXXV-LI.

3. 6. 20. crack't within the Ring. The gold coin of our ancestors was very thin, and therefore liable to crack. It still, however, continued passable until the crack extended beyond the ring, i. e. beyond the inmost round which circumscribed the inscription; when it became uncurrent, and might be legally refused. . . . The application of the expression to anything seriously injured, debased, unserviceable, factitious, &c., is perfectly natural, and in one or other of these senses it is to be found in almost all the writers of Jonson's age.'-G. See also McKerrow's note on line 642 of his edition of B. Barnes' The Devil's Charter: Broken within the ring.' This recalls "clipped or cracked, within the ring," a phrase proerly applied to a coin which was damaged within the boundary of the inscription, and hence not current. As used of women, it meant both "having lost virginity" and "dishonest."

Cf. Lyly, Woman in the Moone, III. ii. 266, and Hamlet, II. ü. 448.' See also Beaumont and Fletcher, The Captain 3. 246 :

Which may awaken his compassion

To make you clerk o' the kitchen, and at length,
Come to be married to my lady's woman

After she's crack'd i' the ring.-C.

3. 6. 26. The slip is his then. 'Sir Diaphanous plays on the double meaning of the word slip, which signified either a base-born child, or a piece of false money. In the latter sense it occurs in many of our old dramas, and generally, as here, in conjunction with counterfeit. Thus Shakespeare:

What counterfeit did I give you?

The slip, the slip, sir. Romeo and Juliet.

Again: "If I could have remembered a gilt counterfeit, thou wouldst not have slipped out of my contemplation." Troilus and Cressida.'-G.

For the use of slip as a base-born child, see Dekker, The Devils Last Will (Wks. (Grosart) 3. 353): Because he is a slip of mine owne grafting, I likewise bequeath to him my best slippers'; Crabbe, The Borough 20.247: 'He talk'd of bastard slips, and cursed his bed.'-NED.

3. Ch. 10. the accidentall cause. The four causes of Aristotle were the efficient cause, the formal, the material, and the final; but Ayliffe's Parerga (1726) suggests that other divisions were made: 'There are seven Causes consider'd in Judgment, viz. the Material, Efficient, and Formal Cause; and likewise a Natural, Substantial, and Accidental Cause; and lastly a Final Cause.'-NED.

3. Ch. 20. an overgrowne, or superannuated Poët. See note on 1. 2. 33.

3. Ch. 22. take my Tobacco. Smoking was very popular in England; cf. Besant's London in the Time of the Tudors, p. 285: The palmy time of tobacco extended over the fifty years after its introduction (c. 1565). During this time the use of tobacco penetrated all ranks and classes of society. The grave divine, the soldier, the lawyer, the gallant about town,

the merchant, the craftsman, the 'prentice, all used pipes At the theatre the young fellow called for his pipe and for tobacco and began to smoke. . . . People went to bed with tobacco box and pipe and candle on a table by the bedside in case they might wake up in the night and feel inclined for tobacco. After supper in a middle-class family, all the men and women smoked together.'

Paul Hentzner describes the smoking at theatres and elsewhere: 'At these spectacles, and everywhere else, the English are constantly smoking tobacco. . . They have pipes... made of clay, into the farther end of which they put the herb, so dry that it may be rubbed into powder; and putting fire to it, they draw the smoke into their mouths, which they puff out again through their nostrils, like funnels, along with plenty of phlegm and defluxion from the head.' Hentzner's Itinerarium, cited by Morley, Mem. 137.

King James I opposed smoking in his Counterblaste to Tobacco. Jonson satirized the habit in Every Man In, Every Man Out, Cynthia's Revels, The Alchemist, and Bartholomew Fair. For an adequate treatment of the general subject of tobacco, see Fairholt's Tobacco: Its History and Associations. 3. Ch. 23. Magna Charta of reprehension. Cf. The New Inn (Wks. 5. 310):

It is against my freehold, my inheritance,

My Magna Charta, cor laetificat,

To drink such balderdash, or bonny-clabber!

Also T. Watson's Body Divin (1692), p. 460: The Covenant of Grace is our Magna Charta, by vertue of which God passeth himself over to us to be our God.'-ned.

Magna Charta, of course, refers to the Great Charter of English personal and political liberty, granted by King John in 1215, and appealed to in all disputes between king and subjects, till the establishment of constitutional government.

3. Ch. 30. I will search what followes... to the naile. 'Jonson alludes to the practice of the ancient artists, who proved the polish of their works, by running their nails over the surface.'-G.

4. 2. 3. For the metre, see notes on 3. 3. 43; I. I. 81.

Knowes shee o' this | accident? | Alas | Sir, no;

4. 2. 4. For the metre, see note on 2. 4. 16.

Would she | might never knowit. | I think | her La diship

4.2. 15. The top, or the Top-gallant of our Law ? See the Glossary, s. v. Top and Top-gallant. The Devil is an Ass (Wks. 5. 113):

The top of woman! all her sex in abstract! Top and top-gallant are sailors' terms familiar to a maritime people like the Londoners.

4. 2. 26. You read Almanacks. 'Almanac-making had become an extensive and profitable trade in this country at the beginning of the 17th century, and with the exception of some fifteen or twenty years at the time of the Rebellion continued to flourish until its close. There were three distinct classes of almanacs published during the seventeenth century-the common almanacs, which preceded and followed the period of the Rebellion, and the political and satirical almanacs that were the direct outcome of that event.

'The common almanacs came out year after year in unbroken uniformity. They were generally of octavo size and consisted of two parts, an almanac and a prognostication. Good and evil days were recorded, and they contained rules as to bathing, purging, etc., descriptions of the four seasons and rules to know the weather, and during the latter half of the century an astrological prediction and "scheme" of the ensuing year.

'In the preceding century the makers of almanacs were "Physitians and Preests," but they now adopted many other titles, such as " Student in Astrology," "Philomath," " Well Willer to the Mathematics." The majority of them were doubtless astrologers, but not a few were quack doctors who only published their almanacs as advertisements.'-From note by W. S. Johnson, abridged from Notes and Queries, 6th Ser., 12. 243.