find only the following scraps of Iuv., who is named but once, and never called ethicus.

de arte praedicatoria 25 (Migne ccx 162) Iuv. vi 165 with a strange variation rara avis in terris alboque simillima distinctiones dictionum theolog. (969a) 'TENUIS dicitur etiam vilis, unde poeta [Iuv. VII 145]

corvo.

in tenui rara est facundia panno.'

ib. (9591) ‘SUBDUCERE notat supponere, unde [Iuv. 1 15]

с

et nos quandoque manum ferulae subduximus.'

ib. under SUBSELLIA he cites Iuv. by name and VII 86 fregit subsellia versu. I may notice that Alanus often cites Seneca, some additions to whose fragments he may perhaps supply. Vincent of Beauvais in volumes I (naturale) and II (doctrinale) of his speculum constantly cites Iuv. by name and book (e.g. I vi 21 fin. xix 28. xxxi 84. 86. 115. II iv 7. 13), but I nowhere observe the title ethicus.

John of Salisbury and Peter of Blois by no means confine the title to our poet. Io. Sarisb. pol. 11 8 (489o Migne) unde et ethicus provide quidem et utiliter optimam' inquit 'vivendi consuetudinem ab ineunte aetate elige, eam tibi iucundam usus efficiet.' VIII 12 (760) Horace cited as ethicus. so I 8 (405). II 27 (470a). 111 8 fin. 9 (492o). 14 fin. (512b). Iv 9 (531d). vi prol. pr. (587). VIII 12 (760). 13 (762). 24 bis (817be), metalog. I 4 (831). 7 (834). ep. 185 (195) ethicus et ethnicus. Iuvenal is ethicus pol. 1 13 (414). III 4 (483a). 12 (501). VII 13 (668). VIII 15 (773). satiricus 1 12 (408). III 6 (4864). 12 fin. VIII 8 (7384). Stoicus v 4 (546). nicus VIII 13 (767°). Ovid is ethicus ep. 134 fin. pol. 1 8 (405). So the epigrammatist cited in Suet. Caes. 19 ep. 183 (184). the author of the verse noli Fortunam, quae non est, dicere caecam (pol. 11 8 490). In pol.`vi 13 is a notice not found in schol. I 12 Fronto, secundum quosdam nepos Plutarchi, cuius meminit in primo [libro] Iuvenalis sic: Frontonis platani......clamant.' metalog. I 8 (836) 'obtusioris ingenii

eth

IUVENALIS ETHICUS

xvii

tradunt fuisse Scaurum Rufum, sed sedulitate exercitii in id virium evasisse, ut Ciceronem ipsum Allobroga nominaret' cf. Iuv. VII 213-4.

Peter of Blois (Migne ccv11) calls Iuv. satiricus ep. 15 (54o). 59 (178); poeta ep. 17 fin. (66). 42 (124). 81 (251a); poeta Aquinas ep. 59 (177a); Aquinas ep. 95 (293); ethicus ep. 72 (221). 74 (229). 85 (261). 239 (543); ethnicus ep. 95 (299). Horace is ethnicus ep. 60 (1794). ethicus ep. 72 (222b). 81 (251). 150 (441).

Prudentius c. Symm. Í 557-8 stantisque duces in curribus altis | Fabricios, Curios. cf. Iuv. VIII 3. ib. 1010 -1 et quae fumificas arbor vittata lucernas | servabat. cf. Iuv. XII 92.

Gerbert (Silvester II + 1003) lectured on Iuv. at Paris (Richer hist. ed. Pertz Hannov. 1839 ш 47 p. 133) cum ad rhetoricam suos provehere vellet, id sibi suspectum erat, quod sine locutionum modis, qui in poetis discendi sunt, ad oratoriam artem ante perveniri non queat. poetas igitur adhibuit, quibus assuescendos arbitrabatur. legit itaque ac docuit Maronem et Statium Terentiumque poetas, Iuvenalem quoque ac Persium Horatiumque satiricos, Lucanum etiam historiographum. quibus assuefactos locutionumque modis compositos ad rhetoricam transduxit.

Iuv. is quoted by Alcuin, by Rather bp. of Verona (saec. x), by Everhardus Bethuniensis cir. 1212 (Lyser poëtae lat. medii aevi p. 825). I do not remember that the abbat Lupus cites or names him. cf. T. Wright biograph. Brit. lit. 1 40 n. (Rutebeuf). 41. 476. In a catalogue (probably saec. x) of Bobbio library, more than one ms. of Iuv. (Muratori antiq. Ital. III 820).

Many projected editions are recorded by Fabricius and Ruperti. see Casaub. ep. 289 p. 151 Elmenhorst preparing one in 1602. ib. 523 Casaubon himself: eum poetam gravissimum, si superi annuerint, accurate recensebimus. Boxhorn from 1634 (Boxhornii ep. pp. 29. 35. 46. 48. 50). Reitzer (Uhlii sylloge nova epist. 1 p. 558).

DATES OF JUVENAL'S LIFE

L. FRIEDLAENDER de Iuvenalis vitae temporibus Königsberg 1875 4to. XIII 17 written 60 or 61 years after Fonteius cos. A.D. 67, i.e. in 127 or 128. In verses 13 (tu) and 33 (senior bulla dignissime) and throughout the satire Calvinus is addressed in the second person, hence stupet haec, qui iam post terga reliquit sexaginta annos, Fonteio consule natus, must refer to the poet, not to Calvinus. 'se stupere dicit, quod amicus casum tam aegre ferat, quem ipse in sexaginta annis saepissime viderit. se igitur poeta Fonteio consule natum verbis disertis dicit.' vita cod. Voss Iuvenalis...ex Aquinio Volscorum oppido oriundus temporibus Claudii Neronis.'

In all the lives, except IV and VII, he is said to have declaimed 'usque ad mediam aetatem': if he died (vita cod. Voss) shortly after his 80th year, or (vita III) 'anno aetatis suae altero et octuagesimo''il mezzo del cammin' of his life would be aet. 40 or 41. Whether 'middle age' had any precise meaning Friedländer cannot determine from the only authorities in which he has found it Phaedr. II 2 3 aetatis mediae quendam, with the old and young wife. Plaut. aul. 157 sed grandior es: mulieris est aetas media. In Censorin. 14 § 10 Staseas fixes as the limit of life 7 × 12 = 84.

Taking 40 as 'middle age', the first book of satires will have been written 107-116, nearer to 116.

Sat. VI 407 instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen a comet seen at Rome Nov. 115. ib. 411 nutare urbes, subsidere terras earthquake at Antioch 13 Dec. 115 (Friedländer Königsb. progr. v for 1872 and Gutschmid cited there). Sat. VI then (or book II) will have been written A. D. 116 or 117.

The emperor Hadrian, welcomed in sat. VII, came to Rome A.D. 118 (went to the provinces 119 120).

Book IV written between 120 and 127 A. D., for xv 27 nuper consule Iunco shews that book v was written after 127. Friedländer gives to Aemilius Iuncus two nomina gentilicia, Claudius and Aemilius.

Books I-III written in Rome. IV V possibly in exile, vita cod. Kulenkamp 'in exilio ampliavit satiras et pleraque mutavit.' Fr. Rühl' ('zu den vitae Iuvenalis' in Jahrbb. CIX 1874 868-9, who tells us that the Iuv. mss. of the Brit. Mus. 'bieten sämtlich den gewöhnlichen, nicht Pithöanischen Text und sind daher vorläufig ohne besonderes Interesse') gives from cod. Harl. 3301 saec. XV exeuntis a life which also states that the satires were written in exile.

Martial shews that Iuv. was in Rome A. D. 92 and again 101-2 (Friedländer Sittengesch. III' 372-390 Chronologie der Epigramme Martials'). Paris the actor was put to death A. D. 83 aet. Iuv. 16. All the authorities agree that Iuv. was irati histrionis exul' but the name Paris, given in the lives, seems to be taken at hap-hazard from sat. vII 87. Crispinus, colleague of Fuscus as praef. praet. under Domitian (ind. 'Crispinus') may have stationed Iuv. in Egypt; he may have been exiled after 92 and returned before 101—2.

The dates then, as given by Friedländer, are: birth 67 A.D. at Rome 92 and 101-2. declaimed to 107. bk. I 107–116. II 116-118. III 118-119-20.

IV 120-127.

v after 127.

death 147.

TITULUS AQUINI REPERTUS (p. xiv)

'Ab altera parte legitur decretum Aquinatium de tabula patronatus et statua constituendis IRN 4342.' Grotefend (Philologus XII 489-490). Mommsen supplies the word TRIBUNUS. If in the old life of Iuv. we read missus ad praefecturam cohortis and in the life ex cod. Omnibonian. in Achaintre (cf. K. Fr. Hermann in ind. schol. Gott. summerterm 1843 p. 9) Traianus...fecit eum praefectum militum contra Scotos, if in the inscription we see him as officer of a

1 In Philologus xxx 676-7 Rühl shews the necessity for a new collation of P. I 21 it reads vacat. 1 51 sit capiendi, but the t is erased. I 150 dices, e afterwards erased. I 169 animante 1st hand, altered afterwards to animante. anime therefore is the true reading.

a

coh. Delmatarum, and learn from the diploma of Trajan in Cardinali tav. XII, and from that of Hadrian (Orelli-Henzen 5455), that the coh. I Delmatarum (without the addition milliaria) was then in Britain, and consider that the inscriptions of the raefectus coh. 1 Delmat. (Orelli 2716—7) were found in Cumberland, we cannot refrain from claiming for Iuv. also the title of a praefectus cohortis, and think we discover the sting of Trajan's words et te Philomela promovit [vita v Jahn] chiefly in this, that by virtue of them the poet received by the Philomela only the lower grade of praefectus, whereas (VII 92 praefectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunos) he had ascribed to the Philomela the promotion to the tribunate. Anyhow Mommsen's inscription, in addition to what I have here cited, adds greatly to the weight of the report of Juvenal's exile in Scotland. Grotefend shews that tribuni are commanders of cohortes milliariae, praefecti of ordinary cohorts. The coh. I milliaria Delmatarum (Or. 1833. Murat. 455 1) bas a tribune, the ordinary coh. I Delmatarum (Or. 2153. 2716-7. 4082. 4132. Murat. 812 8) has a praefectus. The inscription will run then: (Cere)ri sacrum (D. Iu)nius Iuvenalis (praefectus?) coh (ortis 1) Delmatarum, 11(vir) quinq(uennalis), flamen divi Vespasiani, vovit dedicav(itq)ue sua pecunia.

FACIT INDIGNATIO VERSUM.

QUIDQUID AGUNT HOMINES, VOTUM TIMOR IRA VOLUPTAS GAUDIA DISCURSUS, NOSTRI FARRAGO LIBELLI EST.