the Latins and Greeks, was not whether the bread of the Eucharist was substantially changed into the body of Christ or not, but by what particular words this wonderful change was effected.” "The sacrifice of the mass is also used by the Greeks for the quick and the dead."* "The Greeks of Venice, and all other Greeks, adore Christ in the Eucharist; and who dare either impeach or condemn all these Christians of idolatry?"† "The Greeks reckon seven sacraments, the same with the Church of Rome." "And are no less for Church authority and tradition than Roman Catholics; agreeing with Rome, too, in praying to saints, in auricular confession, in offering of sacrifice and prayers for the dead, and placing much of their devotion in their worship not only of the blessed Virgin Mary, but in the intercession, prayers, help, and merit of other saints, whom they invocate in their temples."§ "The Greeks of note are obliged to confess four times a year; the priests obliging them to confess every thing, saying they cannot otherwise release them." "Though they do not hold a purgatory fire, yet they believe a third place between that of the blessed and the damned, where 'those remain who have deferred repentance till the end of their life: but if this be not purgatory, * Ross's View of the Religions of Europe, p. 479. + Forbes, Cons. Imodes de Euch. p. 442. Atlas Geographicus, v. 2. p. 1724. I know not what it is, nor what souls do there!"* "Archbishop Whitgift, in his defence against Cartwright, adds the doctrines of free will, merits, &c. "It was not, therefore, on any of the above-named classes of Christians, that the Reformation had any material effect, except, indeed, as was natural, that of causing some of them to rally round the Catholic Church, to oppose, as they imagined, the common enemy, the Lutherans, Calvinists, Zuinglians, and other Protestants." "The Right of Private Judg ment," which Mr. N. consistently with his Protestant principles, calls a great and immutable principle, having been once acknowledged, it was no longer in the power either of Catholics, or the Reformers of Catholics, who do not appear to have been themselves aware of the lengths to which that principle would carry the human mind, to stem the impetuous stream of liberty which burst forth on the Christian world. "Let every man be fully persuaded in HIS OWN MIND," was descant, who had never before a text on which myriads began to listened to any others, except"Thou art Peter-feed my lambsfeed my sheep" and "Hear the Church." Priests had long ridden the people, and now the people, having obtained their liberty in Christ, determined in their turn to ride the priests. Wherever Tract. p. 473. The reader is referred, for a fuller view of this subject, to Mr. Woodhead's Guide in Controversies, dis. 3. c. 8. s. 82. Protestant Apology, p. 30-32. the Reformation took effect, authority was at an end: yet a struggle for mastery ensued. It was the emancipation of intellect; and a thousand speculations, some rational and modest, others wild and unruly, were indulged, to the astonishment of many, and the grief of more. All pretended to All pretended to antiquity; every one pleaded the authority and sanction of scripture, the earliest fathers, and general councils of the Church, the example of the Saviour, and the precepts of his apostles. From the self-same premises, the most contradictory conclusions were deduced; yet all and every of them claimed a suitable portion of infallibility and authority. In no point were the jarring Reformers so agreed as in their hearty abhorrence of the Church which they had all deserted: youth up, and could never before discover, that the one, holy, Ca tholic, and Apostolic Church, was all the while nothing more nor less than the mystical Babylona whore, a scarlet whore, a drunken scarlet whore-nay, the very mother of harlots, bloated with the wine of her abominations reeling and intoxicated with the blood of the saints, and ripe for the sickle of God's eternal vengeance. This discovery, however it might shock the timid and fearful, gladdened the hearts of those who had courage to make head against the beast; and these courageously resolved not only to "hate the whore," but to "make her desolate and naked, eat her flesh, and burn her with fire."" Before all this could be accomplished, it was evident that some better Church should be planted. A Christian country without a 'Twas Babel, Antichrist, and Pope, Christian Church would have and Devil." "On a sudden, a new flood of light burst upon the wondering sight of multitudes. Articles of faith, opinions, forms, and practices, beld sacred for centuries by the whole Christian world, were discarded, ridiculed, abhorred, and condemned, as blasphemous, idolatrous, damnable, heretical; dangerous to the souls of men, inimical to the peace and wellbeing of society, derogatory to the honour of God, and subversive of truth, reason, and common sense. Men stared with astonishment, and were ready to beat themselves with vexation, to think they should have been reading the prophecies of Daniel, the epistles of St. Paul, and the apocalypse of St.John, from their VOL. I. been like a head without a body, or a body without a soul. Therefore, every one proceeded, forthwith, to strike out such a model as suited best his own views of the matter; and doctors and theologians, of every possible description, took their seats among the learned or the unlearned, as the case might happen to be, in almost every town in Germany, "Hol Those who are acquainted with the writings of our earliest Reformers, and particularly with those of Luther, will know that in this and other places, where I have alluded to their spirit and language, when speaking of the Pope and other Catholic prelates, not the slightest exaggeration has been used. On the contrary, it is a fact that scurrility, even to the most indecent and imresorted to by Luther and others. See modest extent, was not unfrequently particularly tom. ii.' and vii, of his. works. M land, England, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, and other places: "All quit their spheres, and rush into the skies." "This was the natural result of unrestrained inquiry." The difference of opinions between the Catholic Church and the Church of England is detailed; and then the author proceeds to state his opinions concerning the "immediate influence of the Reformation on the manners and moral habits of the people ;" and on this point it is candidly confessed that "there are but too many unfavourable proofs that little good was done in this way." "Brandt, in the Dedication of his History of the Reformation in the Low Countries, draws an unpleasant picture of the spirit of the Reformed Christians, immediately succeeding the Reformation. The Protestants, he observes, have not made a good use of the Reformation; that, instead of innocence, gentleness, humility, and charity, vice, persecution, hatred, envy, and self-love, have prevailed among them; that every hody accommodates the Word of God to his own prejudices; and has a gospel of his own making. The Protestants, he adds, have recourse to the secular arm: they use violent means to gain proselytes. Many of them, when they separated from the Church of Rome, rejected not only what was bad in that Church, but also what was good, or, at least, innocent. They believe, says he, that none but themselves have the truth on their side; and they fancy that every body ought to embrace their opinions, They acknowledge they may fall into the Church of Rome, they had been equally solicitous to have abstained from the practice of it themselves.*" Having followed Mr. Nightingale through the whole of his First Part, we must defer our Review of the Second Part to a future Number. As far as we have gone, making charitable allow ance for the prejudices and mistakes of the author, we have no hesitation in pronouncing this "Portraiture" one of the very best Protestant publications we ever read-it will be of infinite service, we doubt not, to the Catholic Cause, and we would earnestly recommend a perusal of it not only to our Catholic brethren, but particularly to those Members of Parliament and others who feel interested in that great question, on which hangs the future happiness of Ireland; if not even the very safety and quiet of our native country. [To be continued.] ART. II. The Anti-Catholic, Number I. 8vo. pp. 24. JOHNSTON. WE intend to watch the progress of this new attack on the Rights of Englishmen, the Faith of the Gospel, and the welfare of Ireland. The following * Roman Catholics complain, and but too justly, that we do not act fairly towards them, in keeping out of sight our own blemishes, and in magnifying and exposing theirs. By the help of God, I will endeavour to wipe off the reproach. No fears-no censures—no reproaches, shall deter me from holding up to deserved reprobation, the practice of persecution, by whatever party it has been exercised, when I come to treat of that portion of the Catholic His .tory. is the Prospectus, and it contains a sufficient indication of the principles meant to be advocated, or rather of those meant to be attacked, in this weekly publication. "At a time when every energy is exerted by the Catholics to acquire power and an extension of their dangerous and antichristian tenets, it is the duty of every good Protestant to rally round the bulwark of the glorious Reformation, and to resist the consequences which lurk under the specious pleas of equal civil rights and religious emancipation. Our ancestors paid a high price for the blessings we now enjoy, and their posterity, it is trusted, will preserve that fabric entire which has hitherto secured them from the renewal of the persecution of former times. This cannot be better effected than through the medium of the press, and by a publication of this nature, embracing whatever can, in a liberal manner, unmask the errors, and guard against the machinations, of Popery. "This work is intended also to be a weekly medium of religious intelligence, in which the communications of the pious and enlightened Protestants will find a constant and quick insertion." We have here an open avowal of a determination "to rally round the bulwark of the glorious Reformation;" and this rallying is explained to mean neither nor less than an opposition to "equal civil rights and religious emancipation." more Number I. is the only one which we shall at present notice. In fact, it is the only one that has yet come under our observation it consists of an address to the "Anti-Catholic's, "Fellow countrymen ;" and is made up of the usual common-place cant of the intolerants against the just demands of Roman Catholics. The writer speaks as if no attempt before his had been made to oppose those just demands, and claims the ignoble merit of being the first to set his face against the exercise of a civil and a religious right. That a man should thus glory in his shame," can only be reconciled on the principle that all is fair against Papists-a principle clearly held by many Protestants of this and former times. Base and sordid motives are attributed to the Catholics for having chosen to exhibit their elaims at the present time, when our feelings and our fears are excited," even "at the happy moment of opportunity when the theme of liberty is in every mouth, because its danger is in every eye; its apprehension in every heart." Pray let us ask this Anti-Catholic, whose.conduct has excited this" danger," and this "apprehension;" who but the ene mies of liberty? who but those whose hearts are abhorrent to its principles? Those "feelings," and those fears," owe their origin entirely to the "No Popery" intolerants. And would AntiCatholic have us wait for the exercise of our rights till another Protestant Association shall again pull down our houses, violate our wives and daughters, and burn our chapels to the ground would he have us present our humble petitions to the honourable House of Commons only when the Morn ing Post and the Courier shall have excited new riots, and when it will be impossible to find our way to the door of St. Stephen's through a Protestant mob, headed by some miscreant inspired with the spirit and clad in the mantle of Lord George Gordon the Protestant Jew! The Anti-Catholic may rest assured, that the ignoran therds who are devoted to the Morning Post politics, may rally round the bulwark of the glorious Reformation" as long as they please; but the Roman Catholics will not very willingly entrust their persons and endanger their lives. amidst the thick ranks of apostate politicians, and needy retailers of. private scandal.Some of these very Postites are employed to write for opposite parties; though it is not known by the friends of liberty that they are in the pay of the intolerants. And yet this Anti-Catholic would not have Catholics to persist in their righteous claims till these raggamuffin scribblers shall have put the whole country in a state of riot and tumult. To what a miserable condition is that government reduced whose only hope is in the labours of the Morning Post paragraph writers, Courier scandal hunters, mendicant Methodists, and insolent" Satirists!" The "danger and alarm" which the Anti-Catholic affects to dread, are entirely such as these needy miscreants have themselves excited; and nothing would yield them greater pleasure than to be the means of goading on the oppressed Catholics to " confusion and disturbance." They clamour about religion, but in fact they are infi. dels-known in the circle of their acquaintance as scoffers at Chris |