then raised for the removal of the ball and cross, to exalt his aerial studio about sixty feet higher. For this purpose, he obtained permission to erect an observatory, supported by a platform several feet above the top of the highest part of the present cross, and in this watch tower he commenced a new series of sketches on a very enlarged scale.

"To effect this, it was found necesary, from time to time, to adopt various contrivances to meet the numerous obstacles which opposed the progress of the work. In weather partially cloudy, portions of the scene would be in bright sunshine, and others in total obscurity, producing an incessant alternation of light and shade it therefore became requisite to alter and modify the previous arrangements, that advantage might instantly be taken of the clear light, in any particular part of the entire circle of the View, and that' an immediate transition might be made from one sketch to another. Trifling as this difficulty may at first appear, it gave rise to more trouble and anxiety than any other part of the undertaking, since the time necessarily occupied in selecting the particular sketch, independently of the requisite adjustment of the apparatus, frequently exceeded the transient period during which the object continued visible. The difficulty, also, of connecting the detached parts thus seized at the most favourable moment was so great at times, as almost to preclude the hope of completing the performance. After a variety of attempts, the obstacle was at length removed by the construction of a comprehensive keysketch, which served to indicate the precise relation of any particular portion to the general View. The remaining difficulties were in a great measure obviated by placing the sketches (about 300 in number) in a rotatory frame, in such order that any particular one might be referred to at the moment it was required." P. 15.

To this lofty station Mr. Hornor repaired every morning during the summer of 1821, at the early hour of three o'clock, in order that his operations might commence before the ascending smoke should impede his view.

"On entering the Cathedral at three in the morning, the stillness which then prevailed in the streets of this populous city, contrasted with their mid-day bustle, was only surpassed by the more solemn and sepulchral stillness of the Cathedral itself. But not less impressive was the developement, at that early hour of the immense scene from its lofty summit, whence was frequently beheld "the Forest of London," without any indication of animated existence. It was interesting to mark the gradual symptoms of returning life, until the rising sun vivified the whole into activity, bustle, and business. On one occasion the night was passed in the observatory, for the purpose of meeting the first glimpse of day; but the cold was so intense, as to preclude any wish to repeat the experiment.

"In proceeding with the work, every assistance was readily afforded by the gentlemen connected with the Cathedral; and through their kind attention, all possible precautions were taken for the prevention of accidents to be apprehended in such an exposed situation. But the weather was frequently so boisterous during the stormy summer of 1821, as to frustrate the most judicious contrivances for security. Indeed scarcely a day passed without derangement of some part of the scaffolding, or machinery connected with it; and so strong became the sense of danger arising from these repeated casualties, that notwithstanding the powerful inducement of increased remuneration, it was difficult on these emergencies to obtain the services of efficient workmen. This will not appear surprising, when it is known that during high winds, it was impossible for a person to stand on the scaffolding without clinging for support to the frame-work; the creaking and whistling of the timbers, at such times, resembled those of a ship labouring in a storm, and the situation of the artist was not unlike that of a mariner at the mast-head. During a squall more than usually severe, a great part of the circular frame-work of heavy planks, erected above the gallery for the prevention of accidents, was carried over the house tops to a considerable distance. At this moment a similar fate had nearly befallen the observatory, which was torn from its fastenings, turned partly over the edge of the platform, and its various contents thrown into utter confusion. The fury of the wind rendered the door impassable; and after a short interval of suspense, an outlet was obtained by forcing a passage on the opposite side. By this misfortune, independently of personal inconvenience, considerable delay and expense were occasioned ere the work could be resumed; and it became necessary to provide against similar misfortunes, by securing the observatory to a cross-beam, and constructing a rope-fence, as seen in the lower part of the vignette. Thus fortified, the work was proceeded in without any other accidents of a nature worthy to be noticed, until all the sketches which could be taken from the observatory were completed. These sketches, comprising 280 sheets of drawing paper, extend over a surface of 1680 square feet; a space which will not appear surprising, when considered as including a portion of almost every public building and dwelling-house in the metropolis, with all the villages, fields, roads, villas, rivers, canals, &c. visible from the summit of the Cathedral." P. 19.

After a general acquaintance with his subject had been thus acquired, several weeks were employed in visiting many of the particular and principal points, and in collating them on the spot with the distant drawings, for the purpose of correction. A reduced drawing was then made from the original sketches, divided into four parts, and diminished to one-tenth of their first size. From these Mr. Hornor now proposes to publish four engravings. Two, comprising the

eastern and western views, will be forty inches by twentyfive; two of the northern and southern thirty by twentyfive. They will be executed either in the line manner, or so coloured as to imitate finished drawings; and the prices, to be paid on delivery, (probably in 1824,) will be eight guineas for the first, and ten for the second.

We heartily wish Mr. Horner success in his undertaking, which (were it not that we always have the fear of a pun before our eyes,) we may truly characterize as most arduous. The good citizens of London, while gaping with fixed wonderment at the crow's nest which crowned their metropolitan Cathedral, little dreamed of the new Stylites who occupied its summit. Those who cannot raise their imagination to the difficulty and danger of the attempt, may obtain a more adequate conception of it by consulting the two plates given in the pamphlet. The second, presenting a section of the dome of St. Paul's, and a view of the surrounding streets, is most ingeniously contrived, by unfolding, to present a large surface, and, besides this, is most pleasingly executed.

ART. VI. Letters to the Earl of Liverpool on the State of the Colonies. Letter I. By a Member of Parliament. pp. 70. Underwoods.

ART. VII. A Letter to Mr. S. C. Blyth, occasioned by the recent Publication of the Narrative of his Conversion to the Romish Faith. By a Catholic Christian. pp. 283. Montreal. Mower. 1822.

"IT has been the misfortune of England," says the author of the former of the pamphlets, of which the titles stand at the head of this article, "that she has uniformly mismanaged her colonies; it has been her reproach, that she has given less attention to their religious interests, than any of the Roman Catholic powers. She has already largely paid, and she is in danger of again paying, the forfeit of her want of political prudence, and religious principle." The truth of this charge has long been felt by every man of sound political and religious views; and it has been suppressed principally because persons of this description are always laudably cautious in giving credit to complaints against government, which too often originate in a spirit of party, and are unwilling to appear,

even for a moment, on the side of those, whose habit it is on all occasions to arraign "the powers that be.". For, strange as it will doubtless appear to many of our readers, the party who, in our Colonies, have to complain of neglect, and, in many instances, of positive discouragement shewn them by the Ministers of the Crown, are the loyal members of the Church of England, who look up to the mother country for protection and support, and dread nothing so much as a separation of interests; while they who have been indulged, and courted, and listened to, are precisely the description of persons whom in this country we should vulgarly term radicals-men who have no tie which attaches them either to the laws, the constitution, or the religion of Great Britain, and who would eagerly embrace any safe opportunity of asserting their perfect independence. The hollow and heartless policy which has dictated this line of conduct is easily construed, Of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and of all her members, the loyalty and the fidelity cannot be doubted; upon them we may, at all events, rely. The Roman Catholics and dissenters, especially the Presbyterians, cannot be confided in; we have no hold upon them beyond their interest and their fears. Therefore we will give them all the encouragement, and bestow upon them all the favours in our power, in order to secure both parties!

How far the government of this country deserves censure for the adoption of this short-sighted and unworthy craft, it is not our purpose to inquire. We rather believe that, in the manner in which the public business of the empire has hitherto been arranged, it has been little less than impossible that any of the responsible Ministers of the Crown should have devoted considerable time or attention to the affairs of the Colonies; and that the business of that department has been unavoidably consigned to the inferior secretaries in the offices. Be this as it may, it is high time that proper provision should be made for the transaction of all colonial business, and more especially for a confidential intercourse between those persons who have the conduct of ecclesiastical affairs. And we welcome, with no little gratification, the first symptom of awakened attention to so important a subject in the form of a short Letter to the Premier by a member of the legislature. The letter, which, we trust sincerely, professes to be only the first of a series, is written with considerable force, and contains some information which has not yet been laid before the public.

It appears to have been put together in haste, and ventures upon strictures the spirit of which is hardly consistent

with its general tone of respect towards the noble and highprincipled personage to whom it is addressed; and it betrays, though pregnant with valuable matter, that deficiency of private intelligence and local knowledge which might naturally be expected in a writer living at such a distance from the scene of those transactions to which he alludes, and relying upon the statements of Colonial Gazettes. At page 44, for example, in speaking of the Church at Quebec, he introduces the following curious paragraph.

"The English Bishop is, indeed, I understand, very well provided for in point of income; and, I am told, he is sufficiently active in discharging the duties more immediately appertaining to his office but respecting those matters which form the principal subject of this letter, he is passive in the extreme: whether from a love of peace, or a fear of missing promotion, it is not my business to inquire."

Now all this betrays a total ignorance of the private correspondence of the Colonial Department for the last thirty years. We happen to know that the venerable Prelate who has, during that period, presided over the Canadian Church, has been unwearied in his representations, on the very subject of this Letter, to every successive administration, and to every society or person in this kingdom who could have influence in the affairs of the Colonies. We believe that he has more than once run the risk of offending the Secretary of State by the boldness of his remonstrances, and the urgency of his expostulations in behalf of his Church; and little indeed can he know of that truly apostolical character, who could insinuate that either the fear of missing promotion," or the hope of obtaining it, has ever for a moment guided his conduct. Not to know him is the misfortune of our author-the groundless insinuation might have been spared. The state of the Canadas, and especially the ecclesiastical polity of that important Colony, form the exclusive subject of the first and only Letter which has yet appeared; and we are more than ever confirmed in our opinion that Canada is in great danger of being completely revolutionized in consequence of the measures adopted by our government, and particularly of their total dereliction of the principles upon which the Church of England was established in that country by the wisdom of the greatest statesman of modern times.

Mr. Pitt, advised undoubtedly by a right reverend friend to whom the Church is so much indebted, became early in life convinced that the only secure foundation for the mainte+