ich were found a great number of cards, gned by ministers, and containing notes lative to the prisoners.

One of these cards, numbered 64,389,000, ontained these words: "Foucquet, from the sles of Saint Marguerite, with a Mask of on;" afterwards "XXX," and underneath, Kersadwin." I have seen this card in the ands of those who found it.

Every one is aware, (continues Desodoard,) hat the superintendant Foucquet was at first onfined in the citadel of Pignerol, which hen belonged to France; that he passed everal years there, and eventually found neans of escape. It is not known where his celebrated exile died: the fact is attested n the Memoires de Gourville, the friend of Foucquet. It is probable, conjecturing from he card found in the Bastile, that Foucquet was retaken and conducted to the Isles of St. Marguerite, whence he was brought to the Bastile in 1691. Voltaire remarks that, at this epoch, there disappeared no man of consequence in Europe: that is true; but, the disappearance of Foucquet is dated 1664. With regard to the mask of iron which he wore, it was, without doubt, a plan devised to prevent the prisoner being recognised on his route; as he had many friends. It would be absurd to suppose that he wore the mask all his life; because it is certain that his face would have become inflamed, and gangrene have terminated his days.

Without deciding any thing by this card, I can only say, in support of the conjectures of M. Desodoard, that long before the taking of the Bastile, I heard it told to a man of the court, (who had the particular confidence of a celebrated minister,) that the prisoner was not a Prince, but a much disgraced Minister.

Anecdote Gallery.

MILITARY ANECDOTES.

THE first battle between the Swiss and the Burgundians under Charles the Bold, was fought in 1476. The duke had a strongly intrenched camp at Granson, but scorning such advantage against the Swiss peasants, he advanced to meet them on the road to Neufchâtel; thus offering battle in a hilly region, where his numerous cavalry could prove of no advantage. The two armies met on the second of March. The Swiss foot embodied in large masses, and armed with long halberds, bore down the Burgundian knights, who in vain resisted. Charles had a few archers, and no infantry in the advance; thus committing the usual mistake of the French, in deeming mounted gentlemen able to repel twice their number of peasants on foot. The Burgundian flank was soon turned by other bands of the Swiss mountaineers,

amongst whom the huge and terrific horns of Uri and Unterwalden were heard to blow. The battle became instantly a rout; the Burgundians and their duke fled, losing, indeed, few of their numbers, as the Swiss had no cavalry to pursue, but leaving to the conquerors the plunder of a camp which rivalled that of Xerxes in luxury and splendour. Silken tents attached with cords of golden wire, velvets, tapestry, pearls, and jewels in profusion, became the property of the amazed victors. Plate was flung away as pewter. The large diamond which the duke wore customarily at his neck, was found in a box of pearls; it was at first rejected as a bauble, then taken up again and sold for a crown. It was afterwards purchased by the Pope for 20,000 ducats, and still adorns the papal tiara. Another equally beautiful diamond, worn at Granson, was bought by Henry VIII., and afterwards given by his daughter Mary to her husband, Philip II.; and it now belongs to Austria.

In one of the battles fought by the Duke of Enghien, two French noblemen were left wounded among the dead on the field of battle. One complained loudly of his pains; the other, after a long silence, thus offered him consolation: "My friend, whoever you are, remember that our God died on the cross, our king on the scaffold; and if you have strength to look at him who now speaks to you, you will see that both his legs are shot away."

Charles XII., King of Sweden, was once riding near Leipsic, when a peasant came and knelt before him to request justice from dinner. a grenadier, who had carried away his family's The king ordered the soldier to "Is it true," said he, with a stern appear. countenance, "that you have robbed this man ?"—" Sire," said the soldier, "I have not done him so much injustice as your majesty has done my master; you have taken from him a kingdom, and I have taken only a turkey from this fellow." The king gave the peasant ten ducats, and pardoned the ing to him, "Remember, if I have dispossoldier for the boldness of his bon mot, saysessed Augustus of a kingdom, I have kept nothing for myself."

Frederic the Great had five libraries, all exactly alike, and containing the same books ranged in the same order; one at Potzdam, a second at Sans Souci, a third at Berlin, a fourth at Charlottenburg, and a fifth at Breslaw. On removing to either of these places, he had only to make a note of the page at which he left off, to pursue it without interruption on his arrival. Accordingly, he always bought five copies of the books he

chose to read.

Colonel Kemyss, of the 40th regiment, was remarkable for the studied pomposity of his

diction. One day, observing that a careless man in the ranks had a particularly dirty face, which appeared not to have been washed for a twelvemonth, he was exceedingly indignant at so gross a violation of military propriety. "Take him," said he to the corporal, who was an Irishman, "take the man, and lave him in the waters of the Guadiana." After some time, the corporal returned. "What have you done with the man I sent with you?" inquired the colonel. Up flew the corporal's right hand across the peak of the cap-"Sure an't plaise y'r honnur, and din't y'r honnur tell me to lave him in the river? and sure enough I left him in the river, and there he is now, according to y'r honnur's orders." The bystanders, and even the colonel himself, could hardly repress a smile at the facetious mistake of the honest corporal, who looked innocence itself and wondered what there could be to laugh at.

An old colonel, who used to be invited with us to dine at Luna's house, (says Mr. Hardy,) had such a propensity to laughter, that, after having once yielded to its influence, he could not restrain himself as long as anything remained to excite it. I used to make him burst into a horse-laugh whenever I chose, only by winking at him ridiculously. Upon one occasion, when a great number of persons were assembled at table, a fancy came across me to try whether a grin and an odd remark would have the same effect upon him in company. It answered marvellously well. He could not restrain a burst of laughter, which rather startled the rest of the party; to whom, however, I managed to convey a hint, and they immediately entered into the spirit of the joke. Each, in his turn, told some extraordinary anecdote, or made some odd remark, at which the colonel burst out anew, till at last his laughter became quite alarming. The consequence was that he did not swallow one mouthful during dinner; for, no sooner did he attempt to introduce a bit of food into his odd mouth, which even then was distorted by a suppressed grin, than some one made a laughable observation, which again excited the poor man's risible propensity, and the meat was suffered to return to his plate untasted. He afterwards complained that, in addition to his having lost his dinner, his sides were quite sore with the exertion.

General Scott and two or three others, were sitting one evening in a log-tavern, when in came a well-dressed stranger, from the New England States, and called for half a pint of whisky. The landlord informed him that he did not sell it in such small quantities. The general, who was very fond of whisky, said, "Stranger, I will join you, pay half; therefore, landlord, give us a pint of your best." The whisky was brought,

and

and the general, who was to drink first, bega by saying to the stranger, "colonel, yr good health."" I am no colonel," repd the stranger." Well, then," said the neral, " major, your good health."-" I m no major," replied the New Englander. Then your good health, captain," said the general. "I am no captain, sir," said the stranger, "and, what is more, never held a commission in my life."-" Well, then," said the general, you are the first man in Kentucky that ever wore a cloth coat and was not a commissioned officer." W. G. C.

William IV. began to reign June 26, 1830. Mary, queen of William III., died Dec. 28, 1694.

George, prince of Denmark, husband to Queen Anne, was born at Copenhagen, April 11, 1653; died at Kensington, Oct. 28, 1708, in his 56th year; buried at Westminster Abbey. Their only son, George, Duke of Gloucester, died at Windsor Castle, July buried in Westminster Abbey. 30, 1700, at the beginning of his 12th year;

There have been six minorities since the Norman Conquest: that of Henry III., Edward III., Richard II., Henry VI., Edward V., and Edward VI.

W. G. C.

POPE'S RAPE OF THE LOCK. MR. CARYL, (a gentleman who was Secretary to Queen Mary, wife of James II., whose

ortune he followed into France, and author f the comedy of Sir Solomon Single, and of everal translations in Dryden's Miscellanies,) originally proposed the subject of this poem to Pope, with the view of putting an end, by this piece of ridicule, to a difference that had arisen between two noble families, those of Lord Petre and Mrs. Fermor, on the trifling occasion of his having cut off a lock of her hair. This little liberty was taken too seriously; and although the two families had long been friends, it occasioned a coolness between them.

This exquisite piece was written, as we learn from Pope himself, in two cantos only, in less than a fortnight, in the year 1711, when he was about twenty-three years old. The author sent a copy of it to the lady, with whom he was acquainted: and she was so delighted with it that she distributed copies of it among her acquaintance, and at length prevailed on him to publish it, as appears by the motto.

The piece produced the desired effect; for it reconciled the two families, and gave offence to no one but Sir Geo. Brown, who often observed, with some degree of resentment, and, indeed, justice too, that he was made to talk nothing but nonsense in the character of Sir Plume. The incident occurred at Hampton Court Palace.

Select Biography.

THE LATE DUKE OF SUTHERLAND.

(By Mr. Rush, late American Minister in this country. Abridged from an American work.) AMONG the most distinguished of the noblemen of England who have recently passed from the scene of life, was the late Duke of Sutherland. He was long known as Marquess of Stafford, the title of duke having been conferred upon him by the present King during the administration of Earl Grey. Few persons who have flourished in any country or age, ever 'appropriated more liberally or beneficially the resources of a great estate, or made a better use of the advantages of a cultivated mind and taste. The acquisitions of individuals and manner in which they spend their fortunes, are not, for the most part, topics of public comment; but it is otherwise where the scale of their operations has been so large as to affect and improve the resources of a nation. The eminent British subject in question was the original owner of one-fifth of the stock of the Liverpool and Manchester rail-way. In this manner, he contributed materially to advance that great work in England, which, in the beginning, had heavy obstacles to contend with; but the final success of which has done good not merely in England, but everywhere, by the example it set. In aiding this great English work, the

first upon a large scale here, or in any part of the world, he did not overlook the interests of the Bridgewater canal, which belonged to him, but made a donation to that concern of forty thousand pounds sterling, the better to enable it to meet the competition of the railway. He was always ready to acknowledge and promote public improvements, come what would to his own interests. He became the principal proprietor of a new line of canal between Liverpool and Birmingham, by which new and extensive internal communications are to be opened in that part of England, appearing to clash, however, with his interests in the Trent and Mersey navigation. Nor would he ever throw any obstructions in the way of the projected rail-way between Birmingham and Liverpool, although it is to pass directly through some of his own estates in Staffordshire, and must affect his interest in two canals. These, indeed, are maxims which should sway the conduct of a truly wise man. But they are the maxims of an enlarged and elevated wisdom, that rises above the first impulse of selfishness, and which, by the lights of cultivated reason, can see in public benefits ultimate private advantage; just as the sound, political economist sees in measures, obviously for the good of the whole community, ultimate benefit to every part, even those parts supposed at first to be injuriously affected. When also a fall took place in the prices of agricultural produce, the Duke of Sutherland caused his English rents to be estimated according to the annual average price of wheat, and his Scotch rents according to that of wool, although, by contract, they were to have been paid in sums of money much higher than this scale of settlement yielded; which timely and well-judged liberality had the happy and twofold effect of saving his tenants from loss, and his own estates from dilapi dation.

But his manner of dealing with his Scotch estates in the county of Sutherland is not to be passed over without notice somewhat more particular. He came to the possession of these estates by marriage; his Duchess, who still lives to adorn and benefit society in her own country, having been Countess of Sutherland in her own right, and as such, lineal inheritress of the most ancient subsisting peerage of Great Britain, with the property annexed. In 1812, he began to turn his attention to the effective improvement of this property, to which he had made important additions by purchases of his own. He actually made four hundred and fifty miles of roads, Parliament, or the local public in Scotland, bearing half the expense; and he constructed one hundred and thirty-four bridges. His tenants on this property were, most or all of them, suffering under the evils of a crowded population without employment.

Their condition was also made worse by the fact, that the improvement of the more southern counties of Scotland had driven into the mountains of Sutherland portions of their population too idle or vicious to apply themselves to the more regular and industrious habits which the improved circumstances of those counties rendered necessary. Many also who, by the commission of offences, were exposed to prosecutions, especially under the revenue laws, found a refuge in the less accessible parts of the Sutherland estate, inducing the original lessees to receive them as sub-tenants, on their undertaking to pay rents not to be realized out of the funds of honest industry.

The Duke saw and resolved on putting an end to a system in all respects so pernicious. His great object was to make all who lived upon these estates immediate tenants of the landlord, so that the managers should become acquainted with the wants of all, and the poorest tenant have a direct appeal to himself and the Duchess. He desired also to stimulate their industry, and rouse their energies, in the hope of raising their character, and giving them a desire for independence. In all these beneficent and just objects, he eminently succeeded.

Success, however, was only to be achieved through difficult and laborious details not necessary to be here recounted. Pecuniary and other sacrifices were also called for at first, which might have disheartened a common resolution; but his seems to have been of a stamp that never faltered in courses that it thought right, his whole life exhibiting as much firmness as benevolence. He had the great satisfaction of living to see every cotter upon his estate holding immediately of himself, at reduced rents, and enjoying the entire fruits of his labour, freed from vexatious services attached, as remnants of ancient days, to the earldom of Sutherland.

The great benefits thus derived were attested, not to mention other proofs, by the wonderful improvements in the appearance and dress of those upon whom the changes operated; by the style and cleanliness of their houses; by the introduction of gardens; and by the new cultivation of thousands of acres of land before untilled, and thenceforward enjoyed by them without any increase of rent. Who does not here think of what Swift said, of making two blades of grass grow where only one grew before? Such were the rich results, moral, social, and even national, of individual sagacity, knowledge, and perseverance, allied to benevolence and justice, in planning and carrying into effect agricultural and other improvements throughout a great district of country; which, before the reforming hand was applied to it, exbited so much to deplore in its rudeness,

and the comparative misery or depression of its inhabitants.

At a dinner at Dornoch, given to Mr. Macleod, member of Parliament, soon after the death of the Duke of Sutherland, that gentleman, on a toast to his memory being proposed, said among other things, that "no man of his time had contributed so much to the happiness of so great a number of his fellow men." On revisiting Sutherland in 1827, when the vast improvements which his exertions had brought about were in operation, he was presented with a piece of plate, of the value of eight hundred guineas, by his tenants, on which was the following inscription:

"This piece of plate was presented to the most noble George Granville, Marquess of the county of Stafford, and Elizabeth, Marchioness of Stafford and Countess of Sutherland, on their return to Sutherland, in June, 1826, by the tenantry of the Earldom of Sutherland, amounting to one thousand two hundred and ten, in testimony of the attachment of a people advanced to independence, industry, and comfort, and supported amid the calamities which oppressed agriculture, by the wisdom, the justice, and the generosity of their beloved landlord."

He died at Dunrobin Castle, in Sutherland, in the summer of 1833. He had gone thither on a visit from his English home; but Scotland, by the affectionate wishes of her Highland inhabitants, who had so signally experienced the effects of his wisdom and goodness while living, and now wept over his death, became the home of his remains. These were deposited, without pomp or pageantry, in the ancient cathedral of Dornoch, the place of interment of the Earls of Sutherland since the year 1248. The coffins were made by his own carpenter; the shroud by the females of his family and daughters of his tenants; but the presence at the funeral of ten thousand mourners, as a contemporary account of the ceremony states, some of them coming from a distance of sixty or seventy miles to show their reverence for the memory of their departed landlord, was a remarkable spectacle. The simplicity of his funeral was at his own request, under a beautiful allusion in his will to Tacitus's remarks respecting the funeral of Germanicus. The respect and affection in which he was held in districts where, from his large possessions and frequent presence, his character was likely to be most severely canvassed and justly estimated, were powerfully shown in the fact, that immediately after his funeral, meetings were held in Staffordshire, Shropshire, and Sutherland, at each of which it was determined to erect a monument to his memory, to be placed on some suitable site in each of those counties respectively. The sum collected by voluntary subscription in these districts for the erection of the monuments was upwards of three thousand pounds sterling. The contributions from several thousands of contributors were chiefly in small

sums-five pounds and under. In very many instances, they did not exceed a shilling. All these were touching memorials to exalted virtue and worth. Mere rank, title, and wealth, never commanded them in such ways, or to such an extent.

The Duke was a highly accomplished as well as an eminently useful man. England had reason to be proud of such a subject. He was a fine classic; knew Latin critically; spoke French with remarkable purity and elegance; was thoroughly versed in English, French, and Italian literature; a good botanist, and acquainted with all the modern discoveries in chemistry. These were but a part of his attainments. It is to his honour that they were chiefly self-acquired, although he had been at Westminster and Oxford. He was in the House of Commons before he was of age; ambassador at Paris from 1790 to 1792, the most critical period of the French revolution; in all which public situations, and others that he held, he gave uniform proofs, (although in Parliament neither a frequent nor a copious speaker,) of a sound and discriminating understanding, pure patriotism, and noble disinterestedness. In Paris, he appointed Mr. Huskisson, whom he found in that metropolis, a young Englishman engaged in the study of medicine, his secretary; and, on returning to England, became in strumental in procuring him a place in the War and Colonial Offices, then under the direction of Mr. Dundas, afterwards Lord Melville. He thus contributed, by his early and right appreciation of the character of Mr. Huskisson, to the future advancement of that powerful statesman. Those who remember the kind and elegant hospitalities of the Duke, are fond also of remembering how that illustrious pair, Huskisson and Canning, were wont to share them.

After succeeding, in 1803, as heir to the last Duke of Bridgewater, to the Bridgewater Canal and estates connected with it, he set the example, which has been improved by others, of opening his splendid collection of paintings to the public on stated days, at Cleveland-house, St. James's. His patriotism and courtesy were extended much farther to artists, to whom he afforded a liberal facility of access to this magnificent collection of private art, for the purpose of enabling them to pursue their studies and increase their acquaintance with the works and styles of the ancient masters. He was the president and munificent patron of the British Institution. To the national gallery of paintings, he presented a magnificent work of Rubens, from the Doria Palace at Genoa, for which he had paid three thousand pounds; he was in many other ways judiciously and extensively an encourager of the fine arts in England. Nor did any solicitors of public or private charity ever sue to him in vain,

in any well-authenticated instance of want or distress.

Such, under various aspects of character and usefulness, was this enlightened and estimable nobleman. Exemplary in all his domestic and social relations, beloved by his family, steady in his friendships, just and wisely generous in all his dealings, faithful and able in the public trusts confided to him, with a train of private virtues that shed comfort and happiness before the path of thousands who were under his influence, in which offices of beneficence, he was ever and actively aided by his amiable and accomplished Duchess. Such a man may well be accounted an honour and a blessing to the country to which he belonged. The foregoing notices of his life have been taken, generally in its own words, from a printed but unpublished memoir of him drawn up by Mr. Loch, a member of the House of Commons, which the writer of this abridgment has received from England.

His family is among the most ancient in England. It stands at the present day allied, probably, to more of the great families of the nation than any other of the peerage. One of his estates, the ancient Gower estate of Stittenham, in Yorkshire, has been in the family by actual legal ownership since the twelfth century, and the tradition is, that it belonged to them before the Norman Conquest. His person was of the middle size; his countenance and features expressive of benignity and decision; his conversation, from the variety of his knowledge, adequate to almost all topics, but generally restrained and unostentatious; his manners grave, simple, dignified and courteous; it would be only common praise to add, those of a perfect gentleman. Such was this eminent and meritorious man. He died in his 76th

year.

Antiquariana.

EGYPTIAN HOUSE.