The grain consumed as horse feed will be another object of attention:-two hundred and six thousand two hundred and fifty bushels of grain, at forty five to a wagon loads are equal to four thousand five hundred and eighty three load; each team, to be ten days on the road, will eat ten bushels of rye, which is equal to forty five thousand eight hundred and thirty bushels, which, with the annual increase, will, in eight years, amount to four hundred and eighty three thousand four hundred and eighty bushels; or, annually, it will stand thus: £192 0 0 955 0 0 Canal from thence to Poplar Run Portage to Little Conemaugh, eighteen 7000 0 0 -7.1147 0 0 miles, at 201. per mile 360 0 0 From the Canoe Place on the Little Co 7150 0 0 500 0 0 400 0 0 nemaugh, down the same and Kiskeminetas to Allegheny Opening French creek to Le Bœuf 3599 0 0 £1419 9 0 From Swatara to North Town at the forks of Susquehanna To the Canoe Place on Sinemahoning Portage to the Allegheny From the head of the Allegheny to the mouth of Chataughque creek on Lake Erie Whole amount of expense to Presqu' Isle as above 55,540 6 3 1400 0 0 1.58,660 6 3 N. B. The estimate may be reduced to 35,6601. by leaving the distance between Tulpehocken and Quitapahilla a portage. Estimate of the expense of opening the river Delaware, £10,669 19 9 From thence to Stockport Portage to the Great Bend on the north 1005 0 0 1243 0 0 400 0 Q DINNER TO PROFESSOR PATTERSON. Dr. Robert M. Patterson, late of the University of Pennsylvania, being about to leave his native city, to assume the Chair of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in the University of Virginia, a number of his friends of Philadelphia, desirous that he should bear with him some signal proof of their esteem and attachment, held a meeting at the Mansion House for the purpose of devising means to fulfil their intention. In pursuance of a resolution unanimously passed, the following letter was addressed to Dr. Patterson. SIR,-At a meeting of some of your friends held at Head's Hotel last evening, for the purpose of adopting means of manifesting, previously to your departure for Virginia, the high estimation in which they hold your talents, and the regard they feel for your amiable qualities, it was determined that a farewell dinner be tendered to you, and the undersigned were appointed a committee to carry the wishes of the meeting into effect. Need we say with what deep-yet what mingled emotions we perform the duties assigned us-of inviting our townsman and friend to a parting interview with those of whose social circle he has so long been the delight, apon the occasion of his leaving them and the city, of which he may be justly considered an ornament and boast. But you go to receive, we will believe, the reward which talents and qualities such as you possess, ought every where to command; and, in the anticipation of your increased prosperity, and happiness and fame, | although separated from us, we affectionately request you to name a day when it will suit your convenience to meet your friends, and allow them the opportunity of offering to you their parting good wishes. JAMES N. BARKER, FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, JAMES RONALDSON. To. R. M. PATTERSON, M. D. To this Dr. Patterson replied as follows:- GENTLEMEN, I accept with mixed feelings of sadness and pleasure, your kind invitation to a farewell dinner. As the moment approaches when I am to leave the beautiful city of my birth, to be separated from the interesting and important institutions in which we have so long acted together, and above all, to be torn from so many dear and valued friends, my heart almost fails me, and I tempted to regret the irretrievable step which I have taken. I am greatly consoled, however, by the numerous proofs of esteem and attachment which the occasion has called forth, and certainly none has gratified me more than that which your flattering invitation now presents to me. I pray you, gentlemen, and the social party whom you represent, to be assured of my high respect and affectionate attachment. R. M. PATTERSON, To Messrs. Barker, N. Biddle, F. G. Smith, Vaughan, Strickland, Hays and Ronaldson. The dinner was given at the Mansion House, on Wednesday, the 20th inst. The company, consisting of upwards of fifty gentlemen, sat down at 5 o'clock, to an entertainment provided by Mr. Head, in his best manner. The venerable and learned P. S. Duponceau presided, assisted by Mr. N. Biddle, Dr. Chapman, and Mr. James Ronaldson, as Vice Presidents. On the cloth being removed, the President stood up, and addressed the company in the following terms:GENTLEMEN, I beg your permission to say a few words to you preparatory to a toast, which I shall have the honour to pro pose. We are met here to testify our respect and attachment to a distinguished fellow citizen, who is about to transfer his residence to another State. I rejoice to see, in this numerous assembly, the Representatives, as it were, of those learned Institutions, whose combined efforts have given lustre and reputation to our city. A very considerable, if not the greater part of those who compose this meeting, consists of members of the University of Pennsylvania, of the American Philosophical Society, of the Academies of Arts and of Natural Sciences, the Franklin Institute, and of our amiable guest's favourite child, the Musical Fund Society. It is right it should be so. The Arts and Sciences, which Professor Patterson has laboured so much and so successfully to promote, owe him the first expression of their gratitude, Those who lose much by his departure from us, are entitled to speak for the rest, and such a representation of the City of Philadelphia, may well be considered as speaking its sense and expressing its feelings. The talents that our respected friend displayed in the University of l'ennsylvania, are the cause of the loss which we are about to experience. They could not be hidden under a bushel. When the illustrious Jefferson, as the best legacy he could bequeath to his native State and to his country, established that other University, whose foundation he laid in solid marble, and whose excellent organization promises duration and success; it might have been foreseen that the men most distinguished for talents and learning throughout the United States should be industriously sought for, to assist in rearing that august edifice. Our Patterson was too much in view to escape unnoticed. He was claimed by another branch of the great national family to which he belongs. The University of Pennsylvania regret the loss of their Vice Provost, and will find it difficult to supply his place. His spirit we hope, will remain, and we may indulge the expectation that his mantle will fall on some one equally zealous for the advancement of science, and equally capable of promoting it. In the mean time the Chair of Natural Philosophy waits for its successor. The Philosophical Society, with whom he laboured for twenty years, and who were so sensible of his value that they elected him to the office of their Vice President, at an age at which such an honour had never yet been conferred. The Academy of Natural Sciences, of which he was a most active and zealous member; the Franklin Institute, which so often has listened to the sounds of his eloquent voice; the Musical Fund Society, the delight and ornament of our City, of which he was one of the Founders, and which has prospered so much under his auspices, all will sensibly feel the void which his absence will leave in our literary and scientific circles, and his numerous friends of all descriptions, of whom but a very small part are congregated here, and to whom his social qualities and the excellence of his heart have endeared him, will long regret the loss of the pleasure which they have so often enjoyed in his agreeable and instructive society. But a man like Patterson does not exclusively belong to a particular city, or to a a particular state; he belongs to the nation at large, and in that point of view we shall receive the benefit of his talents and scientific labours. He will not forget his friends, when absent from them; nor will they forget him; and I beg leave to embody the sentiment that will constantly fill our minds in the form of the following toast, to which I think all your hearts will respond. Our much esteemed and respected guest, Dr. ROBERT M. PATTERSON-Success to all his undertakings; and may he return home fraught with the blessings of the State of Virginia, as he departs with those of his native city! This address was listened to with profound attention, and the health of Dr. Patterson was drunk with the warmest enthusiasm. Dr. Patterson then arose, and in a manner the most touching, spoke to the following effect. It is impossible for me, gentlemen, to express the varied emotions, under which I rise to address you. This is, indeed, for me, a proud and sad occasion. I cannot look upon this numerous company of my most distinguished fellow citizens, met around the social board, for the purpose of testifying to me their regard and attach ment, without receiving the highest gratification-I care not reflect on the circumstance which has called fort this public expression of your feelings, and on the part ing scene which is to follow it, without being oppresseder failing to be punctual, patient, and pains-taking, is, with sorrow. The honored President of our table has shown me how much I leave, in removing from Philadelphia: In mentioning the excellent institutions with which I have been closely connected here, and which are worthily represented at this board, he has named so many ties, which have bound me to our beloved city, and which are now to be broken. My feeble but faithful exertions must now be transferred to another scene, but they shall always be devoted to the same objects. Let me hope that, with the advantages of retirement and literary liesure, they may be more successful, and may give me at length a more just title to commendations which I now owe to the partiality of friendship. But, gentlemen, there are other and closer ties which are now to be considered. I see you here, not merely as fellow-citizens and fellow-members of the various institutions to which I have belonged, but as personal friends to whom I have been long endeared by the interchange of those kindly affections which form the test of our social intercourse. I am now to leave you. Be assured that I do so with the deepest regret; and that I shall never cease to remember you with affectionate at tachment. Permit me now, gentlemen, to offer you a parting toast. My Native City--may she continue to advance in prosperity and honor, until she shall stand without a rival, the Queen of the Western Hemisphere. Addresses were also made by N. Biddle, Esq. Doctors Chapman and S. Jackson, and H. D. Gilpin, Esq. for which we regret we have not room. JUDGE PETERS. the Department of War in that memorable revolution which has emblazoned its humblest champions; to have been speaker of the House of Assembly of Pennsylva nia, and a member of Congress of the United States, are each and all credentials of worth and distinction. To have been rewarded for these public services and others, by a commission signed by Washington, who never patronized the undeserving, is a substantive recommendaion. To have been thirty-seven years a judge, without ao, more than but few can boast of. But Judge Peters, reover, was a man whose purity was never doubted, and whose judicial faithfulness altogether was of a high dert. With the land laws, so important to this state, he was remarkably conversant. In the sea laws, so important to the United States, he was almost the founder or revivor of a code which has not only been sanctioned oughout America, but received the remarkable ack vledgment of its unconscious adoption about the same time by the most profound Judge of the greatest maritime empire-Lord Stowell, in Great Britain. It is a distinct merit in this system of Judge Peters, of the ut nost advantage to navigation, besides being in itself a most honorable characteristic, that he uniformly vindicated and protected that humble, helpless, but useful class of mankind, the common sailors, from the oppression and extortion of their superiors, whether master, merchant, or proctor. Judge Peters was a man of considerable quickness of perception and great sagacity. His judgments have been mostly supported, even when he differed occasionally with the eminent person who for thirty years has presided on this circuit, displaying all the qualities of a great judge-Judge Washington. Let me add, that in thirty years these gentlemen never differed but in conscientious judgment-the most cordial harmony marking and strengthening their administration. The constant cheerfulness, which never forsook Judge Peters to the last, we all remember with lively satisfaction. I might make mention of other amiable and remarkable recommendations. The last time he held court in this room, a fortnight since, he took occasion to declare, as if with a presentiment, that it would be the last; that he felt free from envy, hatred, malice, and all u: Faritableness; bore ill-will to no person living, and had never suffered the pain of taking vengeance upon any man.A few days after, I understand, he told one of his family that he should never hold court again; and the day before yesterday, while sitting in his chair, without aruggle, he expired on the farm where he was born and lived upwards of 84 years, the patrias arvas inherited from his ancestors. The venerable Judge Peters, whose funeral took place on Saturday afternoon, was one of the most remarkable and celebrated men of our hemisphere. Few held so high a rank as a revolutionary patriot: he served in the struggle for independence, in the most important offices, in immediate association with Washington and Morris: he won distinction at the bar, and honor on the bench: he might be styled the father of agriculture in After which, Mr. Ingersoll offered the following resoPennsylvania; through a long course of years he studied lutions, which were unanimously adopted. and promoted the improvement of that primary branch Resolved, That while in the death of JUDGE PETERS of industry, with intense zeal and signal success: as a we deplore the loss of a most venerable magistrate, yet wit and companion he had no equal; the number and we recollect as an alleviation, that during 37 years as excellence of his bon mots are, we think, at least unsur- Judge of this extensive and important District, his pupassed in the instance of any of his contemporaries. To rity and integrity were never questioned; his industry, these external merits, were added the finest domestic vigilance, fidelity, and punctuality never failed; no suitor virtues and reputation:-the affection and reverence of was denied or delayed justice; the poor and humble his children, and the esteem and admiration of his friends, were protected in their rights; wrong doers of whatever remained with him to the last;-so did his extraordinary class were restrained and punished, and after a prolongfaculties and spirits;—the body sank under the weighted life of public usefulness and private respectability, of fourscore and four-the mind returned to the Creator still alert and brilliant. TRIBUTE TO HIS MEMORY. At a meeting of the members of the Bar of Philadelphia, held at the room of the District Court of the United States, on the 23d Aug. 1828 WILLIAM RAWLE, Esq. was called to the chair, and JOSEPH HOPKINSON appointed Secretary. C. J. INGERSOLL addressed the meeting: Nothing but good is to be spoken of the dead, but of the venerable Judge whom we meet to call to mind, there is more good to be told than at first thought might be supposed. To have been prominent as a member of he died at last, at peace with himself and with all mankind, a contented, cheerful, and practical Christian, full of years and honors, leaving the example and influence of such life and death to his descendants and the country as an inheritance. Resolved, That we will wear the customary badges of mourning, collectively attend the funeral, and convey to the family of the deceased our sincere condolence on this occasion. Resolved, That the Chairman and Secretary cause the proceedings of this meeting to be published, and also preserved among the records of the District Court; and that a committee of condolence be appointed. EXPERIMENTS AT SEA. FROM THE LONDON PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE, FOR JULY, 1828. when the sea was almost perfectly calm. A hollow glass globe, hermetically sealed, which I had previously prepared in Philadelphia, was then fastened to a line, and sunk, with a heavy mass of lead, to the depth of 230 fathoms, or 1380 feet. On the same line, and 30 fathoms Experiments on the Pressure of the Sea at considerable Among the various expedients resorted to for th purpose of relieving the tedium and monotony of a se voyage, no one is more common during a calm, than attach to a long line (the log) an empty bottle, vt corked, and then to sink it many fathoms in the sea. In all such experiments, it is well known, that the botte's upon being drawn up, are either full or are partially filled with water. The manner in which the water gets into the bottle, is in some instances perfectly obvious, but in others very perplexing, if not wholly ine, icable. Sometimes the cork, however well secur and sealed, is driven into the bottle, and when drawn up the vessel is of course found filled with water; and in such cases, what is a little surprising, the cork is often found Occupying its original position in the neck of the vessel, being forced there no doubt by the expansion of the dense sea-water on being drawn near the surface. This seems to be proved by the cork often being found in an inverted position. In the above experiment, and in some others to be mentioned presently, the bottle appears to be filled instantly, as the person who lowers the bottle down often feels a sudden increase of weight, somewhat similar to the sensation produced when a fish takes the hook on a dipsey line. Sometimes the above experiment is varied by filling a vessel with fresh water, which, on examination, is found to be replaced by salt water; the cork remaining apparently undisturbed. Sometimes when the previously empty bottle is only half full of water, this when poured into a tumbler effervesces like water highly charged with carbonic acid gas. This is readily explained. for when the bottle descends it is full of air, and when the water enters, it will of course absorb the air; especially when the dense water itself expands as it is drawn towards the surface. Some mes the experiment is performed by first corking the bottle tight, and then tying over the cork a number of layers of linen dipped in a warm mixture of tar and wax; in fact, every device seems to have been tried to prevent the entrance of the water by the cork. In, many of these cases, when the bottle is drawn up from a depth of 200 or 300 fathoms, it is found filled or nearly filled with water, the cork sound, and in its first situation, and the wax and tar unbroken. Two experiments are mentioned, in which vessels with air tight glass stoppers were used. In one case, the bottle was broken, and in the other some drops of water were found in it. How does the water find its way into the bottle? There are two opinions. One is, that it passes through the cork and all its coverings, in consequence of the vast pressure of superincumbent water, in the same manner as blocks of wood are penetrated by mercury, in the pneumatic experiment of the mercurial shower. The other, and less popular opinion is, that the water is forced through the pores of the glass.† The following experiment, which I made on the 7th day of May, 1828, in latitude 48-longitude 24° 34', will perhaps throw some light on the subject. Mr. Charles Dixey, the obliging and intelligent master of the packet ship Algonquin, had a boat rowed off from the ship for me, to the distance of about half a mile, • Communicated by the Author. See Perkins on Pressure, Phil. Mag. vol. lvii. p. 54. J. Deuchar's remarks on the same, ibid. vol. lvii. p. 201. Campbell's Travels, 1st series, p. 255. Silliman's Journal, vol. xiv. p. 194. Deuchar's Mem, in the Trans. of the Wernerian Soc. 1821-2, 3. ir-tight glass stopper; 50 fathoms above this, a stout glass pottle, with a long neck, was tied; a good cork was previously driven into the mouth of this bottle, which was then sealed over with pitch, and a piece of linen dipped in melted pitch was placed over this; and when cool, another piece of linen treated in the same way, was fastened over the first. Twenty fathoms above this bottle, another was attached to the line, much stouter, and corked and sealed like the first, except that it had but one covering of pitched sail-cloth. Thirty fathoms above this was a small thin bottle filled with fresh water closely corked; and twenty fathoms from this, there was a thin empty bottle, corked tight and sealed, a sail needle being passed through-and-through the cork, so as to project on either side of the neck. Upon drawing in the line, thus furnished with its vessels, and which appeared to have sunk in a perpendicu lar direction, the following was the result: The empty bottle with the sail-needle through the cork, and which came up the first, was about half full of water, and the cork and sealing as perfect as when it first entered the sea. The cork of the second bottle, which had been previously filled with fresh water, was loosened, and a litle raised, and the water was brackish. The third bottle, which was sealed and covered with a single piece of sail-cloth, came up empty, and in all respects as it descended. The fourth bottle, with a long neck, and the cork of which was secured with two layers of linen, was crushed to pieces, all except that part of the neck round which the line was tied; the neck of the bottle, both above and below the place where the line was fastened, had disappeared, and the intermediate portion remained embraced by the line. This I thought a little remarkable, and perhaps may be explained by supposing that the bottle was first filled by the superincumbent pressure with dense sea-water, which expanded on being drawn up near the surface. Had the vessel been broken by external pressure, that part surrounded with the line ought to have been crushed with the rest. The fifth bottle, which had been made for the purpose of containing French perfumery or æthor, and which was therefore furnished with a long close glass stopper, came up about one-fourth filled with water The hollow glass globe, hermetically sealed, which was the last, and had been sunk the deepest of all, was found perfectly empty, not having suffered the smallest change. It is therefore concluded, that at the depth of 230 fathoms, the water enters glass vessels through the stoppers, and coverings which surround them, and not through the pores of the glass. What the effect of a pressure of 400 fathoms or more will have on the glass globe above mentioned, Captain Dixey has engaged to ascertain for me on his return to America if opportunity offer. DR. JOHN MORGAN. An account of the late Dr. John Morgan, delivered before the Trustees and Students of Medicine in the College of Philadelphia, on the 2d of November, 1789, By BENJAMIN RUSH, M. D. GENTLEMEN,-It would be unpardonable to enter upon the duties of the chair of the late professor of the theory and practice of medicine, without paying a tribute of respect to his memory. Dr. John Morgan, whose place I have been called upon to fill, was born in the city of Philadelphia. He discovered in early life a strong propensity for learning, and an uncommon application to books. He acquired the rudiments of his classical learning at the Rev. Dr. Finley's academy, in Nottingham, and finished his studies in this college under the present provost, and the late Rev. Dr. Allison. In both of these seminaries, he acquired the esteem and affection of his preceptors, by his singular diligence and proficiency in his studies. In the year 1757, he was admitted to the first literary honours that were conferred by the college of Philadelphia. and contained many of the true principles of liberal medical science. In the year 1769, he had the pleasure of seeing the first fruits of his labours for the advancement of medicine. Five young gentlemen received in that year from the hands of the present provost, the first honours in medicine that ever were conferred in America. The historian, who shall hereafter relate the progress of medical science in America, will be deficient in candour and justice, if he does not connect the name of Dr. Morgan with that auspicious era in which medicine was first taught and studied as a science in this country. But the zeal of Dr. Morgan was not confined to the advancement of medical science alone. He had an active hand in the establishment of the American philo During the last years of his attendance upon the college, he began the study of physic under the direction of Dr. John Redman, of this city. His conduct, as an apprentice, was such as gained him the esteem and confidence of his master, and the affections of all his patients. After he had finished his studies under Dr. Redman, he entered into the service of his country, as a surgeon and lieutenant in the provincial troops of Penn-sophical society, and he undertook, in the year 1773, a sylvania, in the last war which Britain and America car- voyage to Jamaica on purpose to solicit benefactions for ried on against the French nation. As a surgeon, in the advancement of general literature in the college. which capacity only, he acted in the army, he acquired He possessed an uncommon capacity for acquiring both knowledge and reputation. He was respected by knowledge. His memory was extensive and accurate; the officers, and beloved by the soldiers of the army; he was intimately acquainted with the Latin and Greek classics. He had read much in medicine. In all his and so great were his diligence and humanity in attending the sick and wounded, who were the subjects of pursuits, he was persevering and indefatigable. He was his care, that I well remember to have heard it said, that capable of friendship, and in his intercourse with his paif it were possible for any man to merit heaven by his tients, discovered the most amiable and exemplary tengood works, Dr. Morgan would deserve it for his faith-derness. I never knew a person who had been attendful attendance upon his patients." ed by him, that did not speak of his sympathy and attention with gratitude and respect. Such was the man who once filled the chair of the theory and practice of medicine in our college. He is now no more His remains now sleep in the silent grave-but not so his virformed, every public-spirited enterprise which he plantuous actions. Every act of benevolence which he perned, or executed, and every tear of sympathy which he shed, are faithfully recorded, and shall be preserved In the year 1760, he left the army, and sailed for Europe, with a view of prosecuting his studies in medi cine. He attended the lectures and dissections of the late celebrated Dr. William Hunter, and afterwards spent two years in attending the lectures of the professors in Edinburgh. Here, both the Monroes, Cullen, Rutherford, Whyt, and Hope, were his masters, with each of whom he lived in the most familiar intercourse, and all of whom spoke of him with affection and respect. At the end of two years, he published an elaborate thesis upon the formation of pus, and after publicly defending it, was admitted to the honour of doctor of medicine in the university. From Edinburg, he went to Paris, where he spent a winter in attending the anatomical lectures and dissections of Mr. Sue. In this city, he injected a kidney in so curious and elegant a manner, that it procured his admission into the academy of surgery in Paris. While on the continent of Europe, he visited Holland and Italy. In both these countries he was introduced to the first medical and literary characters. He spent several hours in company with Voltaire at Geneva, and he had the honour of a long conference with the celebrated Morgagni at Padua, when he was in the 80th year of his age. This venerable physician, who was the light and ornament of two or three successive generations of physicians, was so pleased with the doctor, that he claimed kindred with him, from the resemblance of their names, and on the blank leaf of a copy of his works, which he presented to him, he inscribed with his own hand the following words, "Affini suo, medico præclarissimo, Johanni Morgan, donat auctor." Upon the doctor's return to London, he was elected a fellow of the royal society. He was likewise admitted as a licentiate of the college of physicians in London, and a member of the college of physicians in Edinburg. It was during his absence from home, that he concerted with Dr. Shippen, the plan of establishing a medical school in this city. He returned to Philadelphia, in the year 1765, loaded with literary honours, and was receiv ed with open arms by his fellow citizens. They felt an interest in him, for having advanced in every part of Europe the honour of the American name. Immediately after his arrival, he was elected professor of the theory and practice of medicine, and delivered, soon afterwards, at a public commencement, his plan for connecting a medical school with the college of this city. This discourse was composed with taste and judgment, forever. * He died October 15, 1789, in the 54th year of his age. HEIGHT OF MOUNTAINS. Wilkesbarre, Sept. 15th, 1809. Having heard a dispute some time since, respecting the width of the river, and height of the mountains opposite the borough, I have been induced to take a mathematical measurement of them, the result of which F send you for the gratification of those whose curiosity leads them to inquiries of this kind. The observations were taken from the bank opposite Distance to the top of the mountain, south-east Perpendicular height of the same other Yards. 4685 305. 5583 227 10103 298 9 275 Or 827 feet 3 inches. Printed every Saturday morning by William F. Geddes, No. 59 Locust street, Philadelphia; where, and at the Editor's residence, No. 51 Filbert street, subscriptions will be thankfully received. Price five dollars per annum-payable in six months after the commencement of publication-and annually, thereafter, by subscribers resident in or near the city--or where there is an agent. Other subscribers pay in advance. |