4. Give orally then write the substance of the following stories.

1. The Farmer and the Lawyer. 2. The Old Man and his Ass. 3. The Boy who cried "Wolf." 4. The Robber Sparrow and the Martins. 5. Sinbad and the Whale. 6. Alfred and the Cakes. 7. Canute and the Waves. 8. Frederick the Great and the Miller. 9. Mungo Park and the Negress. 10. The Portuguese Brothers.

5. Give orally then write the substance of daily lesson.

6. Give orally then write a short account of yesterday's employment of time.

SECTION VI.

CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE NARRATIVE.

1. Write a short account of the following objects, describing their construction, materials, form, and

use.

EXAMPLE-THE GUN.

The barrel

The gun consists of a stock, lock, and barrel. is a long tube made of wrought iron, which is formed into the required shape, either by being beaten upon another piece of iron, or by being bored with a sharp steel instrument. Its use is to receive the charge, which consists of gunpowder and shot firmly pressed down to the end by means of a rod called the ram-rod. The lock consists of the spring, the trigger or handle for moving the spring, and, in flint-guns, the dog-head for receiving the flint, or, in percussion guns, the nipple for fixing the percussion-cap. By means of

this contrivance, a smart blow is given to the piece of flint, upon the drawing of the spring. A spark is thus produced, which sets fire to the gunpowder contained in the barrel. An explosion follows, and carries off the ball or other contents of the gun. Percussion-caps are now frequently used instead of flint. The stock is generally made of wood. It serves as a resting-place for one end of the barrel, and is, at the same time, attached to the lock. The gun is principally used in war and in field sports.

EXERCISES.

A Scythe.

A Cart.

A Penknife.

A Carriage.
A Balloon.

A Railroad. A Plough. A Watch. A Harrow. An Umbrella. A Steamboat. A Bridge.

2. Write a short account of the following operations.

EXAMPLE-LITHOGRAPHY.

Lithography is the art of taking impressions from stone. The first step in the process is to write with lithographic ink, on prepared paper, a copy of what is to be printed. The stone is then heated at a fire, and the copy is applied to it in order to be transferred. After remaining for some time, the paper is gently washed off, when the writing is found to be impressed on the stone, which has the property of absorbing the lithographic ink. The stone is now laid upon a press, and its surface being damped with a cloth, the printing ink is applied by means of a roller. The ink, being oily, adheres to the impression, but is repelled by the other parts of the stone, which are defended by the water. Paper is then placed upon the stone, and the whole is passed through the press, when the impression is printed.

3. Write a short account of the process of making the following substances.

EXAMPLE-Gunpowder.

Gunpowder is composed of nitre or saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. These are first reduced to a fine powder, and then mixed together. The proportion in which they are unite may differ; but good gunpowder consists of 76 parts of nitre, 15 of charcoal, and 9 of sulphur. After being well mixed, they are formed into a thick paste with water. This is allowed to dry, when it is passed through a kind of sieve, which divides it into grains. The grains are made coarse or fine, according to the size of the holes in the sieve.

4. Write a short account of the work and materials of the following tradesmen.

EXAMPLE-THE COOPER.

The cooper is principally employed in making barrels for the preservation of various substances. These barrels differ greatly in size, from the huge vat, required by the distiller and brewer, to the small cask used by the merchant. Besides these, he manufactures tubs, pails, and other vessels of domestic utility. The best kinds of wood for cooperage are oak, beech, and fir. For the purposes of the cooper, these are cut into long, flat pieces, called staves, a few inches broad, and about half an inch thick. In making barrels, the staves are cut a certain length, and tapered a little towards each end. They are also formed with a slight curve, which produces the swelling in the centre peculiar to barrels. The bottom of the barrel consists either of one piece of wood or several joined together. The staves being arranged round it,

they are kept in their places by iron hoops. The cooper then forces on the hoops, and, after placing in the head, continues to drive them towards the centre until the vessel is rendered perfectly water-tight. The adze, the plane, and a peculiar kind of knife, called a drawing knife, are the principal instruments used by the cooper.

5. Write a short account of the following articles, describing the original material, and the different processes it undergoes.

EXAMPLE-A PENNY.

The ore

A penny is a coin or piece of money which is made of copper. The copper, when dug from the earth, is mixed with stones and rubbish, and in that state is called ore. is obtained in baskets from the mine, and is put into a fiery furnace, where the copper is melted and separated from the earth with which it is mixed. It is then poured into moulds, and left to cool. It is afterwards rolled or beaten out into thin flat sheets, out of which the round pieces that are to be made into pennies are cut by a press. date at which they are issued, the reigning king or queen. much larger than a shilling; but it is only a twelfth part of its value. The reason of this is, that copper is more plentiful than silver, and therefore not so valuable.

These are stamped with the and the name and likeness of A penny piece of copper is

SECTION VII.

FORMATION OF HEADS FOR SIMPLE NARRATIVE.

Reduce the following narratives into heads, suggestive of the contents.

EXAMPLE.

The Crow and the Pitcher.

A crow, ready to die with thirst, flew with joy to a pitcher which he beheld at some distance. When he came to it, he found water, indeed, but so near the bottom, that, with all his stooping and straining, he could not reach it. He then endeavoured to overturn the pitcher; but his strength was not sufficient for this. At last, observing some pebbles near the place, he cast them one by one into the pitcher, and thus, by degrees, raised up the water to the brim, and satisfied his thirst.

MORAL.-Many things which cannot be effected by strength may be easily accomplished by a little ingenuity.

Heads.

The crow-the thirst-the pitcher-the disappointment— the attempt the failure-the contrivance-the success-the moral.

EXERCISES.

1. The Cat and the Mice.

A certain house had been long infested with mice. At last, a cat was procured, that caught and devoured some of them every day. The mice, finding that their numbers were becoming fewer, consulted what was best to be done for the preservation of the public from the jaws of the devouring cat. They debated and came to the resolution, that no one should go down below the upper shelf. The cat, observing that the mice did not come down as usual, and feeling hungry and disappointed of her prey, had recourse to the following stra