; Min 109 m. na to of Lake ne n.w. ter. hear the untains: : dating ebement encies of Tenuinett practica ggerating noted for time made bronchia iss teacher an imprae zed moder eonard and 1. eft bank of A the citys PETCHORA-PETIT DE JULLEVILLE Petchora. River of n. Russia, heading in the Ural Mts., and flowing into the Arctic Ocean. Length 1120 m., drainage area 117,996 sq. m. Pet Cocks. Small plug cocks, opening into the air from some vessel in which there is a different pressure from that outside; originally cocks put upon the connection to the airchamber of the feed pump on a locomotive, so that the hot water might be expelled through them which leaked into it, and by its vaporization prevented the barrel from filling from the suction. These cocks are still used on locomotives which pump their feed. The use has been extended so that the term now covers any small cock which can be opened to blow out air or water to waste into the atmosphere. Petechiæ. Small punctate extravasations of blood under the epidermis, resulting from various diseases; e.g., scurvy. Peter, ST. One of the Apostles; Galilean fisherman. At first usually the spokesman of the Twelve; less prominent after the rise of James among the Jewish and Paul among the Gentile Christians. Supposed to have been crucified at Rome ab. 67. His first Epistle, 21st N. T. book, was written, probably, after 60, from Babylon (possibly Rome), to the churches of Asia Minor. The second epistle is less certainly authentic. His Gospel and Revelation are apocryphal: fragments remain. Peter I., "THE GREAT," 1672-1725. Emperor of Russia 1682; sole ruler from 1689. He studied navigation and shipbuilding, living in Holland and England 1697-98. His reign was marked by extensive reforms, some cruelties, the found 116 Here he constructed a series of excellent maps of zodiacal star observed many thousands of sun spots, and discovered 52 a teroids, besides many comets and variable stars. Peters, HUGH, 1599-1660. Minister at Salem, Mass., 1636 41; Chaplain in Parliament's army; executed as a regicide. Peters, RICHARD, LL.D., 1744-1828. Sec. to Board of Wa 1776-81; Delegate to Congress from Pa. 1782-83; U. S. Distric Judge from 1792. Admiralty Decisions, 1807.-His son, RICH ARD, 1780-1848, pub. Condensed Reports of U. S., 1830-34; U. S Digest, 1838-39, and other reports. Peters, SAMUEL, 1735-1826. Romancing historian of Conn and its "blue laws." General History of Conn., 1781; Hist. oj Hugh Peters, 1807. See BLUE LAWS. Peter's, ST. At Rome; largest church in the world; 61 ft. long, 450 ft. wide in the transept, with a façade 368 ft. long and 145 ft. high. The dome is 195 ft. in diameter, and rises 435 ft. from the pavement. It stands on the site of a basilica It has larg .), with wh silicate: 1 organs oper leaves a ens of others tals in appear ZONES). Am , as in irreg the Ambula ped, contac 1g drawbrid hors. 1580): bags, dyra 83-1652. J writer. De De 1628: De The ed Synesius Peter the Great's House at Zaandam, Holland (on the left). ing of St. Petersburg 1703, and wars with Sweden 1700-21, and Persia 1722, which added several provinces to his dominions. A war with Turkey, 1711, was disastrous. Of his grandsons, PETER II., 1715-1730, was Czar from 1727, and PETER III., 17281762, was murdered after reigning six months. Peterborough, CHARLES MORDAUNT, EARL OF, ab. 16581735. Lord of the Treasury and Earl 1689-90; imprisoned January-April 1697; commander in Spain 1705-7, where he won great fame by a brilliant campaign, and by his capture and defense of Barcelona. Peter de Vincis, d. 1250. Chancellor of Frederic II.; author of a code of laws proclaimed 1213. Peterloo Massacre. In St. Peter's Field, Manchester, Aug. 16, 1819, a crowd of laborers assembled to petition Parliament for a redress of grievances. They were dispersed by cavalry; some were killed and many injured. This was the starting point of modern reform agitation. Petermann, AUGUST, 1822-1878. German geographer; in Gt. Britain 1845-54; ed. Mittheilungen from 1854. Peter Martyr, d. 1252. Italian Dominican, killed by a mob; patron and model of the Inquisition. Peter Martyr. See VERMIGLI. Peter Martyr Anglerius, 1459-1525. Spanish priest and writer. De Orbe Novo, 1516. Peter Out. To grow gradually thinner and thinner, and finally to disappear altogether, especially in relation to min eral veins. Peters, CHRISTIAN AUGUST FRIEDRICH, 1806-1880. Assistant at Hamburg Observatory 1834-39; connected with that at Pulkowa 1839-49; Prof. of Astronomy at Königsberg 1849; director of observatory at Altona 1854, and from 1872 at Kiel; ed. Astronomische Nachrichten. Peters, CHRISTIAN HENRY FREDRICK, 1813-1890. Born in Sleswick; graduated at Berlin. Prof. Hamilton Coll. and Director of Litchfield Observatory, Clinton, N. Y., from 1858. St. Peter's Church, with Colonnade built by Bernini 1667. built by Constantine on the spot where, according to tradition, St. Peter suffered martyrdom. The replacing of the old basilica was begun 1450; the dome, designed by Michelangelo, was finished 1590; the completed church was consecrated 1626. Petersburg. City of Dinwiddie co., Va., on the Appomattox River. It is an important railroad center, and has considerable manufactures of tobacco and cotton goods. It was invested by Union forces June 15, 1864, and evacuated by Confederates April 3, 1865, after many assaults. A mine was exploded July 30, 1864. Pop., 1890, 22,680. Petersen, JOHANN WILHELM, 1649-1727. Supt. at Lübeck 1677 and Lümberg 1688; deposed 1692 for indorsing the revelations of an alleged prophetess; voluminous theological writer. Petersen, NIELS MATTHIAS, 1791-1862. Prof. Copenhagen 1845; philological and antiquarian writer. Hist. Danish Literature, 5 vols., 1853-64. Peter's Pence. Contributions to the papal treasury, exacted in England ab.725-1534; of late, free-will offerings from various countries. Peter the Hermit, ab. 1050-1115. Preacher and leader of 1st crusade 1095. Peter the Venerable, 1094-1156. Abbot of Cluny 1122. He wrote against Jews, Saracens, and heretics. Peterwardein. Town of Hungary, on the Danube, 44 m. n.w. of Belgrade; scene of a defeat of 180,000 Turks, Aug. 10, 1716, by Prince Eugene. Petigru, JAMES LEWIS, 1789-1863. Atty.-gen. of S. C. 182230: leader of Charleston bar; Unionist, opposing nullification 1830 and secession 1860; codifier of S. C. laws. Petiolar. Resembling or pertaining to the petiole. Petiolule, Petiole of a leaflet in compound leaves. Petion, ALEXANDRE, 1770-1818. Pres. Hayti from 1807; at war with Christophe; a wise and efficient ruler. His small coinage is abundant. Petion de Villeneuve, JEROME, 1753-1793. French Deputy 1789: Mayor of Paris 1791; first pres. Convention; Girondist, proscribed for opposing Robespierre. Petis de la Croix, FRANÇOIS, 1653-1713. French Arabic scholar and court interpreter, who translated many works from the Turkish, Persian, and other languages. Petit de Julleville, LOUIS, b. 1841. Prof. Dijon and Paris; historian of the drama. Les Mysterès, 1880; Théâtre en France, 1889. 1164 PETITE CULTURE-PETROLEUM Petite Culture. Custom of cultivating small portions of land with a relatively large application of labor and capital, especially under a peasant proprietary. Petition of Right. Concerning divers rights and liberties, being ch. I. of 3 Car. 1; statute of great constitutional importance in Britain. Also, common law proceeding for the recovery of one's private property from the Crown's possession. Petitio Principii. Argument which proves a point by assuming it. Petit Mal. Form of epileptic seizure not marked by the violent convulsion (Grand mal) so frequently associated with the disease; the form of the attack is protean. Petit-Thouars. See DUPETIT THOUARS. Peto, SIR SAMUEL MORTON, 1809-1889. English engineer; Baronet 1855; constructor of the Grand Trunk R.R. in Canada; M.P. 1847-54, 1859-68. His firm failed heavily 1868. Taxation, 1863. Petöfi, SANDOR, 1823-1849. revolution. Works, 1874. Hungarian poet, killed in the Petra. Ancient capital of Edom, afterward of the Nabatæans; in a mountain basin, the meeting-place of various caravan routes; in splendor long comparable to Palmyra or Baalbec. Its ruins are almost all built against rocky masses, or hewn into El Khusna, or Treasury of Pharaoh. Petrarch, FRANCESCO, 1304-1374. Italian poet, celebrated Petrels (PROCELLARIIDE). Seventy species exist. They have Petri, LAURENTIUS, 1499-1573. First Lutheran Abp. of Petrie, GEORGE, LL.D., 1790-1866. Irish painter and anti- Petrie, WILLIAM M. FLINDERS, b. 1853. English Egyptolo gist and excavator. His Inductive Metrology, 1877, Stonehenge 1880, and Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh, 1883, were pub. before his connection with the Egypt Exploration Fund Society. For this Society he pub. Memoirs on his work at Tanis, Nebesheh In 1886-87 appeared Sea engaged in independent researches. son in Egypt and Racial Types from the Egyptian Monuments Daphne, and Naukratis 1883-87. He has been subsequently Each of these rep rob, and Hawara; Illahun, Kahun, and Gurob; Tell el Hes later, Historical Scarabs; Hawara and Arsinoe; Kahun, Gu (Syria); Medum; Tell el Amarna; Koptos. resents a season's work. Hist. Egypt, 1896. At Koptos P discovered the first remains of prehistoric Egypt. His grea I reputation dates from the excavations at Naukratis, which first revealed the whole influence of Egypt on Greek art. 1892 he became Prof. of Egyptology at University College London. Petrifaction. Fossil that retains the perfect form an structure of the organism, but with the original substance re a change is produced. placed by other mineral matter; also, process by which suc Petrified Wood. Wood whose organic matter has bee replaced by mineral substances, usually opal or quartz, bu whose vegetable structure and origin is more or less distinct) recognizable. Petrography. Science that describes the rock masses which the crust of the earth consists, with the view of elici ing the course and the causes of their development. It ha respect more to their occurrence in large masses and to the mutual geological relations than to details of texture and mi eral composition. Petrolatum. See VASELINE. Petroleum. Oil was obtained from the distillation of co and shale in Great Britain as early as 1694, and Selligue France made 15,000 bbls. of shale oil in 1838-43. In Glasgo from 1850 boghead coal was used. In U. S., Gesner distill bituminous coal from Prince Edward's I. 1846, and subsequent bituminous coal from Ky. and asphaltum from W. Va. a Nova Scotia were used. In 1860 the product in U. S. reach 200,000 bbls.. chiefly from the boghead coal of Scotland. T oil was called kerosene, and was used for illumination. T development of the petroleum wells of Pa. put an end to t industry in 1860. NKER BAR ROPE SOCKET SLATE RO FIRST SANDA SLATE A Petroleum has been obtained in the East from the time the building of Babylon, and has been found in various pa of the world. The great development began in 1858, when was obtained by an artesian well, 71 ft. deep, on Oil Creek, Venango co., Pa. It is now derived chiefly from U. S., in Pa., W. Va., N.Y, Ohio, Ind. and Cal.; in Canada, in Baku, Russia, on the Caspian Sea, and in Austria. The oil is found at various depths, from 400 to 4,500 ft., by drilling wells through the overlying strata, and when reached frequently rushes up with great force, soon diminishing, and finally the flow becomes small. The pebble sand of the Allegany district yields 1,000 bbls. per acre for each foot of depth. The cost of an equipped well is from $5,000 to $15,000. The yield is maintained by constant drilling and the discovery of new productive fields, which will doubtless continue for some years. Ultimately the supply must fail, and the world must fall back on the distillation of Black Shale. The oil is transported from the wells to the refineries in wrou iron pipes, 6 in. diameter, with pumping stations ab. 40 m. a and storage tanks holding 35,000 bbls. each at convenient tances. These lines extend to Chicago and Baltimore and i mediate markets. BORING TOOLS IN OPERATION I AUCER STEM SECOND SAN SLATE RO 10 FEET THIRD SAND C Wells Drilling and Pumping. Petroleum is the product of slow and ill-understood cha in the organic matter impregnating the beds of black and limestone of various geological ages, from the Paleozo the Tertiary, the older rocks being the chief repositories in U. S., and the younger in the Baku fields. It is an oily li yellow, greenish, brown and black in color, sp. gr. from 5 PETROLEUSES-PFLUGER in Pa. to 23° B. in Java. It is a mixture of hydrocaroons, paraffins of the formula CnH,n+, and olefines CnH2n, the former predominating in the American product and the latter in that from Russia. In U. S. the crude oil is distilled by direct heat, in cylindrical stills, holding 600 barrels, the distillate being condensed in tubes, placed in tanks of water, yielding naphtha and illuminating oils; there remains in the stills coke and tar, the former being used as fuel and the latter being distilled in smaller stills, with introduction of steam, for production of paraffin oil. The coke remaining in the still is used for electric light carbons. The crude paraffin oil is treated successively with sulphuric acid, water and caustic soda, which removes tarry matter, then cooled by a refrigerating apparatus, and the paraffin, which is thus crystallized, is filtered out and refined. The oil is used for lubrication and the paraffin for candles. The illuminating oils are refined by sulphuric acid and caustic soda. The naphthas are distilled with steam yielding gasoline and naphthas of different gravities. The sulphurous Ohio oil is distilled over copper oxide and other metallic oxides which removes the sulphur. The yield varies, Appalachian oils giving naphtha 10-11 per cent, illuminating oil 75-78, paraffin oil 2-6, residuum 3-4. and water and loss 5-8. Russian oil yields about 35 per cent illuminating oil. The following products have been obtained from petroleum, with bpt. and sp. gr. and use, as given: Cymogen, 32° F., 110° B., ice-machines; Rhigolene, 67° F., 100° B.. local refrigerant; Petroleum-ether, 104° F.-158° F., 80° B.-85° B., solvent for caoutchouc and fatty oils, and for carbureting air in gasmachines; Gasoline, 158° F.-194° F., 75° B.-85° B., extracting seed-oils, gas-machines, lamps, and stoves; Naphtha, 176° F.248° F., 62 B.-76° B., solvent for resins in varnish making, in making oilcloth, and in stoves; Ligroin, 176° F.-248° F., 62° B.67° B., solvent in pharmacy, and in sponge-lamps; Benzene, 248° F.-302° F., 57° B.-62° B., turpentine substitute in oil-paints; Water-white burning oil, fire test 150° F., 48° B.; Export burning oil, fire test 100° F.-110° F., 45° B.; Paraffin oil, fire test 405° F., 23° B., lubricating machinery; Paraffin, mpt. 110° F.-140° F., candles, insulating, chewing-gum; vaseline, roofing pitch, axle grease, coke, electric carbons. Production of petroleum in 1894, in metric tons, was: U. S. 6,158,119. Russia 4,873,000, Austria 131,930, Canada 116,000, Germany 17,232, Italy 2,853. Product U. S., 1895, bbls. 42 gals., was: Pa. 18,231,442, N. Y. and W. Va. 12,176,933, O. 16,109,101, Ind. 2,306,530, Col. 845,000, Cal. 975,000, Ky. 1,000, Wy. 2,019, total 50,652,025. The aggregate yield of petroleum in the U. S. 1859-95 was more than 700,000,000 barrels of 42 gallons each; the yield of Russia in the same period is estimated at ab. one-eighth of that amount. Petroleuses. Female incendiaries of the Parisian Commune 1871. Many were shot for burning public buildings. Petrology. Division of Geology which treats of the mechanical constitution and composition of rock-masses. Petromyzon. See LAMPREYS. Petronel. Clumsy pistol of ancient times. Petronius Arbiter, 1st cent. Courtier of Nero, supposed author of Cona Trimalchionis, portion of a satire depicting the fashionable life of the times. It is partly in prose and partly in verse. Pettee, WILLIAM HENRY, b. 1838. Mining engineer and mineralogist. Assistant on California geological survey 187071; prof. Univ. of Mich. 1875. He has contributed many scientific papers to the various societies of which he is a member. Contributions to Barometric Hypsometry, 1874. Pettenkofen, AUGUST VON, 1821-1889. Austrian painter, chiefly of military scenes. Pettenkofer, MAX, b. 1818. Prof. of Chemistry at Munich 1847; author of many discoveries and additions to scientific and sanitary knowledge, especially as to cholera and hygiene. Pettie, JOHN, b. 1839. Scottish painter, R. A. 1873. Pettis, GEORGE WILLIAM, ab.1822-1892. American authority on whist. Petty, SIR WILLIAM, F.R.S., 1623-1687. Prof. of Anatomy at Oxford 1651; knighted after 1660; noted chiefly as an economist. Political Anatomy of Ireland, 1691; Taxes and Contributions, 1667; Political Arithmetic, 1676. Peutingerian Table. Roman road-chart, now in Imperial library at Vienna; named from Konrad Peutinger (14651547) of Augsburg, in whose library it was found; probably a 13th century copy of a 3d century document. It gives distances, but is a diagram rather than a map. 116 Pews, Fressingfield Church, Suffolk, Eng. owned by an individual and descend to his heirs as real estate. In some States property in pews is declared to be personalty. Pewter. Alloy of lead and tin, in varying proportions. Copper, antimony, bismuth, and other metals are sometimes added. Three of tin to two of lead is the hardest and toughest alloy. Peyer's Glands. One of the varieties of glands of the small intestines, found always in patches (agminated glands). These glands are the local seat of the disease in typhoid fever, when they are inflamed and ulcerated, and sometimes the intestine is perforated by the ulceration, a very serious complication to the disease. Peyron, VITTORIO AMADEO, 1785-1870. Prof. Turin; author of a Coptic lexicon and grammar. He pub. sundry Greek texts, and tr. Thucydides. Peyronnet, CHARLES IGNACE, COMTE DE, 1778-1854. French Minister of Justice 1821-28, and of the Interior 1830; violent reactionist and tool of tyranny, ennobled 1822; imprisoned 1830-36. Pfeiffer, IDA (REYER), 1797-1858. Austrian traveler from 1842. The books describing her journeys were widely read. Pfenning. German copper coin (originally silver), worth Kreuzer or Mark. Pfleiderer, OTTO, D.D., b. 1839. Prof. Jena 1870, Berlin 1875. Paulinism, 1873, tr. 1877; Philosophy of Religion, 1878, tr. 1886-88; Theology since Kant, 1890.-His brother, EDMUND, b. 1842, prof. Kiel 1873 and Tübingen 1878, has pub. much in philosophy. Pflüger, EDUARD FRIEDRICH WILHELM, b. 1829. Prof. Bonn 1859; writer on physiology. 1166 PHÆACIANS-PHARMACOPEIA Phæacians. People described in the Odyssey as living on an island in the farthest west. Phædra. Wife of Theseus, to whose son Hippolytus she bore the part of Potiphar's wife to Joseph; heroine of several tragedies. Phædrus, 1st cent. Latin writer of fables, partly from Æsop; 93 survive, in five books. Phænogamia. Division of the vegetable kingdom, including all the flowering plants, those which produce seed containing an embryo. See SPERMATOPHYTA and ANTHOPHYTA. Phænogamous. Relating to phænogamia. Phænological. Periodic phenomena of plants and ani mals. Phænology. Study of the connection between climate or weather and the growth of plants; term first used by Von Oettingen. Phæodaria. Order of siliceous Radiolaria, with the There is much membrane of the central capsule double, and having a chief polar aperture and accessory perforated areas. pigment around the central capsule, and only one nucleus. The skeleton consists of hollow tubes or needles. These are outside the central capsule in the Pheocystida. A fenestrated shell with one or more large openings is present in the Phaogromida. There is a basket work of hollow spicules in the Phosphorida, and valves like those of a mussel, but fenestrated and covered with spines in the Pheoconchida. Phæophyceae. Sub-class of Algae, including all the darkgreen, olive-green or brown species; also called Melanosperme. Melanosporea, Melanophyceae, and Phaospermeœ. Phæophyll. Pigment contained in red and brown Algo. Phaethon. Son of Apollo, who got leave to drive the chariot of the sun, but was unable to check the horses, which came near setting the earth on fire. Phagocytes (MESAMEBOIDS). Sort of white blood corpuscle which feeds on bacteria that develop in the blood or the Issues of an animal. Phalangers. Australian marsupials ranging from fox to squirrel, or even mouse, in appearance and size, but having long prehensile tails. Some are insectivorous, some herbivo Arachnids with four Phalangida (DADDY-LONG-LEGS). pairs of long slender legs and a segmented abdomen, joined by its whole breadth to the cephalothorax. They breathe by trachea and have no spinning glands. Phalanstery. Unit of social organization according to the socialistic plans of Fourier. It should be a district of country with a collection of buildings for habitations and amusement, and for all kinds of agricultural and manufacturing uses, occupied in joint possession by some 300 or 400 families It would be self-governing, and would hold relations of alliance and exchanges with other similar groups. Phalanx. Greek body of infantry armed with long spear: and shields. The Macedonian was at first 8, afterward 12 to 14 ranks deep. The Romans used this formation before Camillu (d. 365 B.C.), and returned to it in fighting with barbarians in 2d century A.D. Phalanx. In Botany, group of stamens, more united at their bases. or les Phalaris. Tyrant of Agrigentum, Sicily, ab.570-564 B.C said to have caused the objects of his hatred to be burned aliv in a brazen bull, the inventor of which was the first to suffer The Epistles, pub. 1498, are not his. Phalloideæ. Family of Fungi. of the order Gasterom They have an extremely offensive odor. cetes, comprising the so-called stink-horns and their allie Phallus. Sign of generation, whose worship or observanc had place in the systems of the Greeks and other ancient (as In Italy it survives as a charm again some modern) races. the evil eye. Phanarists. See FANARISTS. Phanerocarpæ. See SCYPHOMEDUSA. Phanero-codonic Gonophore. One which possess a fully developed umbrella, as in all gonophores that are to set free. Phanerogamia. Flowering plants. See ANTHOPHY and SPERMATOPHYTA. Phaneroglossa (FROGS and TOADS). Sub-order of Anur comprising two groups: Proteroglossa, with the tongue free front, as in Rhinophrynus, a Mexican Toad; and Opisthoglos. Frogs and Toads. This group is sub-divided into the Oxyd with the tongue fixed in front and free behind, as in ordina tylia and Discodactylia. See also ARCIFERA and FIRMISTERN Phanocles. Greek elegiac poet of uncertain date, kno by fragments. Phantom Horseman. Legends of the Phantom Hor man, which is universally regarded as a presage of death misfortune to the person who sees it, are extremely comm in various parts of England and throughout Europe. In ma of the tales the horse is described as headless. The origin the story in Europe has been attributed to the horse or hor of Odin. Phantom Ship. Omen of ill-fortune to sailors, known the Baltic as Carmilhan. Pharaoh. Official title of kings of Egypt in O. T. time Pharaoh's Chickens. Egyptian vulture, common Pharaoh's Rat. See ICHNEUMON. Pharisees. Leading party of later Judaism. It origina Pharmacology. Science of the nature and properti substances used as medicines. See PHARMACY. F Pharmacopeia. Official list of crude drugs and preparations made from them, used as a standard by the macists of the country issuing it. It secures. uniform con sition of certain preparations, which is invaluable eithe In the U. S. the Pharmacopeia is revised every dispensing medicines or in consulting literature concer medicine. years by a convention of pharmacists. ith four .joined eathe by ording to of couni amusefacturing O families. of alliance Ong spears rd 12 to 16 -e Camillus -barians in ore or less 70-564 B.C.: burned alive st to suffer. Gasteromytheir allies. or observance ancient (as of arm against hich possesses that are to be ANTHOPHYTA order of Anura etongue free in Opisthogloss , as in ordinary nto the Oryda FIRMISTERNIA ain date, knowB Phantom Horse Sage of death or tremely common urope. In mair s. The origin of Le horse or horses sailors, known ot in O. T. times. 0.580 B.C.; at first sis; denounced lture, common in ite Crow. It was Luments. aism. It originated ace over the peope e observance of the sed almost all spe hrist approved ther Talmud also is sever ure and properties f MACY. rude drugs and the standard by the phar ures.uniform compo invaluable either i literature concern a is revised every te PHARMACY-PHENANTHRAQUINONE mouth, and holds them there during development; even after liantly colored and have long tails and crests. The birds of ab. 40 species, inhabiting s.e. Asia. They are Sub-family of Phasianida. Gallina generally are pugnacious; the male of the Blood Phea dwelling on the heights of the Himalayas, has 4 or 5 spu on each foot. Some drum like Partridges. Both sexes of t Golden Pheasant crow. Some species of this genus attain wt. of 3 lbs. Phasianus colchicus, the English Pheasant, introduced and domesticated in Europe. Phelloderm. Chlorophyll-bearing cells produced on th inner side of the cork meristem of certain trees. Phellogen. Growing layer of cork cells in bark of exog nous plants. Phelps, ALMIRA (HART) LINCOLN. 1793-1884. Sister of EMM WILLARD (q.v.), teacher at Troy, N. Y., and at Baltimore, 1841 55; author of text books, chiefly scientific.-Her son, CHARLE EDWARD, b. 1833, was Brig.-gen. U.S. Vols. 1864, M. C. 1865-69 and judge Baltimore Superior Court, 1882. Phelps, AUSTIN. D.D., 1820-1890. Prof. Andover 1848-79 Still Hour, 1859; Theory of Preaching, 1881.-His wife, ELIZA BETH STUART, 1815-1852, wrote Sunny Side, 1851, and othe pious or juvenile tales.-Their daughter, ELIZABETH STUART b. 1844, has pub. The Gates Ajar, 1868; Hedged in, 1870; Avis Pharyngopneusta. Group formed by Huxley to include 1877; Dr. Zay, 1884; A Singular Life, 1895; Chapters from a Life the Tunicates and Balanoglossus. Pharynx. Organ connecting the nose and mouth with Phascaceæ. Order of minute mosses, growing on damp Phasianidæ (FOWLS). Family of Gallinacei, whose heads Phasmidæ. Gressorial Orthoptera, with long slender bodies and long legs. The wingless forms are the Walkingsticks, so called from their resemblance to dried twigs; the winged forms resemble dried leaves. They live in warm climates. 1896, and other books of marked power and high moral pur pose. She became Mrs. Herbert D. Ward, 1888. 1881; U. S. Minister to England 1885-89.-His father. SAMUEL Phelps, EDWARD JOHN, LL.D., b. 1822. Law prof. at Yale SHETHAR, 1793-1855, was U.S. Senator from Vt. 1838-51 and 1853-55. Phelps, SAMUEL, 1804-1878. English actor and manager. Phelps, WILLIAM WALTER, LL.D., 1839-1894. M. C. from N. J. 1873-75 and 1883-89; U. S. Minister to Austria 1881-82, and to Germany 1889-93. phenetol; white crystalline solid, melting at 132.5° C.; prepared C2H5.O.C&H.NH.C,H,O. Acetparamidoby the action of acetyl chloride upon paramidophenetol; powerful febrifuge. bling quartz in some respects. It has been found in Siberia, Col., and N. H.. associated with several varieties of gem-minPhenacite. Be,SiO.. Beryllium silicate; mineral resemerals, and is itself sometimes used as a gem. Phenacodus. Extinct mammal from the Wahsatch Eocene of Wyoming, resembling the tapir in its nasal bones, and having a very long tail, hind feet semiplantigrade, and pig-like molar teeth; supposed by Cope to be the ancestor of all hoofed mammalia, monkeys, and man. the STROBOSCOPIC DISK (q.v.). Phenanthraquinone. CH,O,. Orange needles, melting at 198° C.; prepared by the action of chromic acid upon phenanthrene. |