Queen a Benevolence (p. 193). In 1604 the famous 1604. Canons of Bishop Bancroft were issued, inveighing against the Puritans, and regulating Church discipline, and ritual; these Canons, however, did not receive the consent of Parliament, and are in consequence not binding on any but the clergy. surrendered by In 1640 Charles I. empowered Convocation to pass Canons, although the outbreak of the Civil War prevented any material result; in 1661 Convocation revised the Prayer Book, by order of the King, and, two years later, surrendered its right of taxation by Right of taxation a verbal agreement between the Chancellor Claren- Convocation, 1663. don and Archbishop Sheldon. At the time of the Revolution of 1688, an attempt was made to revive the power of Convocation, which, temp. Anne, proved itself unusually active. In 1717, in consequence of the Bangorian Controversy, (a quarrel Bangorian Controversy, between the Upper and Lower Houses of Convo- 1717. cation on the subject of a sermon preached by Hoadley, Bishop of Bangor), Convocation was prorogued, and was not allowed to sit again for the Convocation transaction of business until 1850. "To this gross business, 1717— outrage on the Church of England," says Mr. Perry,2 ,2" most of the mischiefs and scandals which impeded her progress during the eighteenth century are distinctly to be traced. The Church, denied the power of expressing her wants and grievances, and of that assertion of herself in her corporate capacity which the constitution had provided for her, was assaulted at their will by unscrupulous Ministers of the Crown, and feebly defended by Latitudinarian bishops in an uncongenial asassembly." ceases to transact 1850. Convocation, 1861. Since 1850 Convocation has resumed its sittings, Legislation in and in 1861 framed a new Canon on the subject of 1 Hallam, Const. Hist., iii., 244. 2 Church Hist., ii., 585. 1872. Summary of dates. Sponsors, whilst in 1872 it drew up the Bill, subsequently passed by Parliament as the Act of Uniformity Amendment Act. Summary of the Chief Dates in Church History. Conversion of England to Christianity, 597 (p. 261). Separation of the Ecclesiastical and Temporal Courts temp. William I. (Sel. Charters, 85) (p. 263). The Contest about Investitures, 1103 (p. 264). Constitutions of Clarendon, 1164 (Appendix A.). Annates first claimed in England, 1256 (p. 273). First Statute of Mortmain or de viris religiosis, 1279 (p. 268). Statute of Carlisle, 1307 (p. 269). First Statute of Provisors, 1351 (p. 270). Dissolution of the Smaller Monasteries, 1536 (p. 274). Dissolution of the Larger Monasteries, 1539 (p. 275). Act of Six Articles, 1539 (p. 275). Second Act of Supremacy, 1559 (p. 276). Act of Uniformity, 1559 (p. 276). The Thirty-nine Articles issued, 1563 (p. 276). Establishment of the Court of High Commission, 1583 (p. 50). The Hampton Court Conference, 1604 (p. 277). Exclusion of the Bishops from the House of Lords, 1642 (p. 123). Corporation Act, 1661 (p. 278). Second Act of Uniformity, 1662 (p. 278). Five Mile Act, 1665 (p. 278). First Declaration of Indulgence, 1672, withdrawn 1673 (p. 278). Catholics debarred from Parliament, 1678 (p. 279). Second Declaration of Indulgence, 1687 (p. 166). Toleration Act, 1689 (p. 279). Schism Act, 1714 (p. 279). Convocation ceases to sit, 1717—1850 (p. 285). Catholic Emancipation Act, 1829 (p. 279). The Fyrd in Anglo-Saxon times. Trinoda necessitas. Fyrdwite. CHAPTER X. THE DEFENCES OF THE REALM. The Fyrd, or Anglo-Saxon Militia, was the only The Fyrdwite or penalty for neglecting to attend, was, for a landowner, forfeiture, and a fine of 120 shillings; for a landless man, 60 shillings, and for a ceorl, 30 shillings, whilst returning from the fyrd without leave was likewise punishable. 1 "The host was originally the people in arms."-STUBBS, Const. Hist., i., 189. 2 Laws of Ini, c. 51, Sel. Charters.-62. Laws of Henry I., lxvi., c. 6, Sel. Charters.-107. 8 Laws of Ethelred, c. 28.-Sel. Charters, 73. Counties. The Anglo-Saxon fyrd, which was led by the Ealdormen of the Counties, and later by the Earls, (the hundred's ealdor being at the head of the men of his hundred), found plenty of occupation in defending England against the Danes, though their success in arms was often marred either by the jealousy of the various counties1, or by the Jealousy of the desire evinced to disband immediately the battle had been fought. In the Statutes of William I., c. 2,2 every freeman has to swear to be faithful to the King, both in England and out of it, and to defend him against his enemies. The fyrd, which was summoned by the Sheriffs, continued to exist after the Norman Conquest, side by side with the feudal array, (p. 291), but was employed for defensive purposes only. To Alfred the Great is due the introduction of a distinct military policy; he established a register of the forces, and ordered a regular routine of duty, dividing part of his troops into garrisons, holding part in immediate readiness for action, and keeping part as a reserve. Edgar also maintained in the north of England a disciplined body of troops to repel the inroads of the Scotch. Norman Conquest In 1094, however, William II. ordered 20,000 After the of the National Militia to be sent to Normandy as auxiliaries; on their arrival at Hastings, the troops were deprived of "the money which had been given them for provisions, i.e., ten shillings each," by Ralph Flambard, acting under the King's orders, and were left to make the best of their way home again. In spite of occasional good service rendered National Levy. 1 It occasionally happened that the Ealdorman of one County would bribe the Danes to ravage another County instead of his own. 2 Sel. Charters, 83. 8 Ib. 93. Flor. Wig., 1094. U |