nefs and formality with which his nature is fraught. His aduft complexion difpofeth him to rigour and feverity, which his admirers palliate with the name of zeal. No man had ever a fincerer countenance, or more truly reprefenting his mind and manners. He hath fome knowledge in the law, very amply fufficient to defend his property at leaft: a facility of utterance, defcended to him from his father, and improved by a few fprinklings of literature, hath brought himself, and fome few admirers, into an opinion of his eloquence. He is every way inferior to his brother Guernsey, but chiefly in thofe talents which he most values and pretends to; over whom, nevertheless, he preferveth an afcendant. His great ambition was to be the head of thofe who were called the churchparty and, indeed, his grave solemn deportment and countenance, feconded by abundance of profeffions for their fervice, had given many of them an opinion of his veracity, which he interpreted as their fenfe of his judgment and wifdom; and this mistake lafted till the time of his defection, of which it was partly the caufe ; but then it plainly appeared, that he had not credit to bring over one fingle profelyte, to keep himfelf in countenance.

The following character is also by

the fame band, and an inftance equally frong, of the fame party blindness.

Sir Robert Walpole was a perfon much careffed by the oppofers of Queen Anne and her miniftry, having been first drawn into their party by his indifference to any

principles, and afterwards kept fteady by the lofs of his place [of fecretary at war.] His "bold forward countenance, altogether a ftranger to that infirmity which makes men bafhful, joined to a readiness of speaking in public, hath justly intitled him, among thofe of his faction, to be a fort of leader of the fecond form. The reader must excufe me for being fo particular about one, who is otherwife altogether obfcure.

It is not foreign to the plan of this article to infert the following defcription of the court and perfon of 2 Elizabeth, from the journey into England, of Paul Hentzer, in 1598.

Minds of a much deeper tura than the author of this itinerary feems to have been, may find matter of agreeable refletion in his account of England, as it ap peared under 2 Elizabeth. That great princess bad as much state and magnificence in her court, at wisdom and steadiness in ber government. She knew that it was neceffary to Atrike the imaginations, as well as to pursue the real interefts of her people. Thus She threw a veil over the foibles of her perfonal character, and prevented the weak vanity of an old coquette from eclipfing the vir tues of a great Queen.

Our traveller is a very minute painter; but even minute things, where they concern great characters, feem to quit their nature, and become things of confequence; befides, that they bring us nearer to the times and perfons they defcribe. It will be equally agreeable in his charetter of the English, to trace the difference which increase of riches, refinement, and even time infilf

W

have made in the manners and tastes of the people; and no lefs jo to obferve, that ground-work of character which is the fame in the people of thofe days and of ours, and which no accidental circumftances is able totally to alter. E arrived next at the royal palace at Greenwich, reported to have been originally built by Humphry Duke of Gloucefter, and to have received very magnificent additions from Henry VII. It was here Elizabeth, the prefent Queen, was born, and here the generally refides, particularly in fummer, for the delightfulness of its fituation. We were admited, by an order Mr. Rogers had procured from the Lord Chamberlain, into the prefence chamber, hung with rich tapestry, and the floor, after the English fashion, ftrowed with hay, through which the Queen paffes in her way to chapel at the door ftood a gentleman dressed in velvet, with a gold chain, whofe office was to introduce to the Queen any perfon of diftinction, that came to wait on her: it was Sunday, when there is ufually the greatest attendance of nobility. In the fame hall were the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of London, a great number of Counsellors of ftate, officers of the crown, and gentlemen, who waited the Queen's coming out; which she did from her own apartment, when it was time to go to prayers, attended in the following manner : first went Gentlemen, Barons, Earls, Knights of the garter, all richly dreffed, and bareheaded; next came the Chancellor bearing the feals in a red filk purse, between two; one of which carried the royal scepter, the other the fword of state, in a red fcabbard

:

ftudded with golden fleurs de lis, the point upwards: next came theQueen, in the fixty-fifth year of her age, as we are told, very majeftic; her face oblong, fair, but wrinkled; her eyes fmall yet black and pleasant; her nofe a little hooked; her lips narrow, and her teeth black (a defect the Englifh feem fubject to, from their too great ufe of fugar) the had in her ears two pearls, with very rich drops; fhe wore falfe hair, and that red; upon her head fhe had a small crown, reported to be made of fome of the gold of the celebrated Luneburg table her bofom was uncovered, as all the English have it till they marry; and fhe had on a necklace of exceeding fine jewels; her hands were fmall, her fingers long, and her ftature neither tall nor low; her air was ftately, her manner of speaking mild and obliging. That day fhe was dreffed in white filk, bordered with pearls of the fize of beans; and over it a mantle of black filk, fhot with filver threads; her train was very long, the end of it borne by a Marchioness; inftead of a chain fhe had an oblong collar of gold and jewels. As the went along, in all this ftate and magnificence, the fpoke very graciously, first to one, then to another, whether foreign Ministers, or those who attended for different reafons, in English, French, and Italian; for, befides being well fkilled in Greek, Latin, and the languages I have mentioned, fhe is miftrefs of Spanish, Scotch, and Dutch: whoever fpeaks to her, it is kneeling; now and then the raifes fome with her hand. While we were there, W. Slawata, a Bohemian Baron, had letters to prefent to her; and the, after pulling off her glove, gave him her hand to

S 4

kifs

kifs, fparkling with rings and jewels, a mark of particular favour. Wherever he turned her face, as he was going along, every body fell down on their knees. The ladies of the court followed next to her, very handfome, and well-shaped, and, for the mofl part, dreffed in white; fhe was guarded on each fide by the gentlemen penfioners, fifty in number, with gilt battle-axes. In the anti-chapel, next the hall, where we were, petitions were prefented to her, and The received them most graciously, which occafioned the acclamation of, Long live Queen Elizabeth! fhe answered it with, I thank you my good people. In the chapel was excellent mufic; as foon as it, and the fervice was over, which scarce exceeded half an hour, the Queen returned in the fame state and order, and prepared to go to dinner. But, while fhe was ftill at prayers, we faw her table fet out with the following folemnity: a gentleman entered the room bearing a rod, and along with him another who had a tablecloth, which, after they had both kneeled three times, with the utmost veneration, he fpread upon the table; and, after kneeling again, they both retired. Then came two others, one with the rod again, the other with the faltfeller, a plate, and bread; when they had kneeled, as the others had done, and placed what was brought upon the table, they too retired with the fame ceremonies performed by the firft. At laft came an unmarried lady, (we

manner, approached the table, rubbed the plates with bread and falt, with as much awe as if the Queen had been prefent: when they had waited there a little while, the yeomen of the guard entered, bareheaded, cloathed in fcarlet, with golden rofes upon their backs, bringing in at each turn a courfe of twenty-four dishes, ferved in plate, most of them gilt; thefe dishes were received by gentlemen in the fame order they were brought, and placed upon the table, while the lady tafter gave to each of the guard a mouthful to eat, of the particular difh he had brought, for fear of poison. During the time that this guard, which confifts of the tallest and ftouteft men that can be found in all England, being carefully felected for this fervice, were bringing dinner, twelve trumpets, and two kettle-drums, made the hall ring for half an hour together. At the end of all this ceremonial, a number of unmarried ladies appeared, who, with particular folemnity, lifted the meat off the table, and conveyed it into the Queen's inner and more private chamber, where, after he had chofen for herself, the reft goes to the ladies of the court. The Queen dines and fups alone, with very few attendants; and it is very feldom that any body, foreigner or native, is admitted at that time, and then only at the intercession of fomebody in power.

fuch, from Hentzer.

was

dreffed in white filk, who, when he had proftrated herself three times, in the most graceful

Burleigh the treasurer. In Heobalds belongs to Lord the gallery was painted the genealogy of the Kings of England;

from

from this place one goes into the garden, encompaffed with water, large enough for one to have the pleasure of going in a boat, and rowing between the fhrubs; here are a great variety of trees and plants, labyrinths made with a great deal of labour, a jet d'eau, with its bafon of white marble, and columns and pyramids of wood and other materials up and down the garden after feeing thefe, we were led by the gardener into the fummer-houfe, in the lower part of which, built femicircularly, are the twelve Roman Emperors in white marble, and a table of truck-ftone; the upper part of it is fet round with cisterns of lead, into which the water is conveyed through pipes, fo that fifh may be kept in them, and, in fummer time, they are very convenient for bathing in another room for entertainment, very near this, and joined to it by a little bridge, was a noble table of red marble. We were not admitted to fee the apartments of this palace, there being nobody to fhew it, as the family was in town attending the funeral of their Lord.

:

Nonfuch is a royal retreat, in a place formerly called Cuddington, a very healthful fituation, chofen by K. Henry VIII. for his pleafure and retirement, and built by him with an excefs of magnificence and elegance, even to oftentation; one would imagine, every thing that architecture can perform, to have been employed in this one work: there are every where fo many ftatues that feem to breathe, fo many miracles of confummate art, fo many charts that rival even the perfection of Roman antiquity, that it may well claim and juftify its

name of Nonfuch, being without an equal, as the poet fung,

This which no equal has in art or fame,

Britons defervedly a Nonfuch

name.

The palace itself is fo encom, paffed with parks full of deer, delicious gardens, groves ornamented with trellis work, cabinets of verdure, and walks fo embrowned with trees, that it feems to be a place pitched upon by Pleafure herfelf, to dwell in along with Health.

In the pleasure and artificial gardens are many columns and pyramids of marble, two fountains that fpout water, one round the other, like a pyramid, upon which are put fmall birds that ftream water out of their bills: in the grove Diana is a very agreeable fountain, with Acteon turned into a flag, as he was fprinkled by the goddefs and the nymphs, with infcriptions.

There is befides another pyramid of marble, full of concealed pipes, which fpout upon all who come within their reach.

not bind up their corn in fheaves, as they do with us, but directly as they have reaped or mowed it, put it into carts, and convey it into

their barns.

He gives the following account of

the manners of our ancestors. THE English are ferious, and like the Germans, lovers of fhew: liking to be followed wherever they go by whole troops of fervants, who wear their mafters arms in filver, fastened to their left arms; a ridicule they very deservedly lay under. They excel in dancing and mufic, for they are active and lively, though of a thicker make than the French. They cut their hair clofe on the middle of the head, letting it grow on either fide. They are good failors, and better pirates, cunning, treacherous and thievish; above 300 are faid to be hanged annually at London. Beheading with them is lefs infamous than

hanging. They give the wall as the place of honour. Hawking is the general fport of the gentry. They are more polite in eating than the French, devouring lefs, bread, but more meat, which they roaft in perfection. They put a great deal of fugar in their drink. Their beds are covered with tapestry,

even

thofe of farmers. They are often molested with the fcurvy, faid to have first crept into England with the Norman conqueft. Their houses are commonly of two ftories, except in London, where they are of three and four, though but feldom of four; they are built of

wood, thofe of the richer fort with bricks; their roofs are low, and where the owner has money, covered with lead.

They are powerful in the field, fuccessful against their enemies, impatient of any thing like flavery; vaftly fond of great noifes that fill the ear, fuch as the firing of cannon, drums, and the ringing of bells, fo that it is common for a number of them, that have got a glafs in their heads, to go up into fome belfry, and ring the bells for hours together, for the fake of exercife. If they fee a foreigner very well made, or particularly handfome, they will fay, it is a pity he is not an Englishman.