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officers and fel

shall be associated with them in pursuance of the provisions of this chapter, shall constitute a body politic and corporate, by the name of the Connecticut Medical Society; and by that name, they and their successors shall have perpetual succession; shall be capable of sueing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded, in all suits; may have a common seal, and may alter the same at pleasure; and may also purchase, receive, hold, and convey any estate, real or personal, to an amount not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars. SECT. 427. The members of the society shall meet annually in Annual meeting, their respective counties, at such places as have been or shall below. agreed upon by them, on the second Thursday of April, or at such times as they may severally have appointed, or shall appoint, and shall elect from among themselves a chairman, clerk, and such other officers as they may find necessary, and being thus organized shall thereupon immediately elect by ballot, of their own number in each county, five fellows, except the counties of Middlesex and Tolland, and in each of those counties, three fellows, to have the superintendence and management of the society; and the members of the society, in their respective county meetings, may adjourn said meet- Power of adings from time to time, and hold special meetings as they may judge of holding speexpedient, and may adopt such regulations for their own govern- cial meetings, &c. ment, and for the promotion of medical science, not inconsistent with the by-laws of the society, as they may think proper.

journment, and

Annual meeting

SECT. 428. The fellows, thus chosen at the several county meet- 1855. ings, shall meet together on the fourth Wednesday of May, annually, of fellows, ofliat such time and place as has been or may be designated by them, cers, &c. and being thus assembled, shall elect by ballot, from among any of the members of the society, a president, vice-president, treasurer, and secretary, of the society, who shall hold their office one year, and until others shall be chosen, and shall, by virtue of their office, be fellows of the society for the time being, and shall have the same powers, privileges, and authority, as if originally elected such by the members of the society.

President and

their

SECT. 429. The president, vice-president, treasurer, secretary, and To be styled fellows, thus chosen, shall be known and called by the name of the Fellows of ConPresident and Fellows of the Connecticut Medical Society, a major- necticut Medical ity of whom, legally assembled together, shall be a quorum for the power transaction of any business, and shall have power to make by-laws for the regulation and government of the society, and for the promotion of the objects of the same, not inconsistent with the laws of the United States or of this state; to expel any member of the society for misconduct; to admit honorary members; to make rules for the admission of members of the society, and for their dismission from the same; to lay a tax upon the members of the society, not exceeding two dollars in each year, to be collected by the clerks of the respective county meetings, and to be paid over to the treasurer of the society; to dispose of the moneys thus raised, and all other property of the society, in such manner as they may think proper, to promote the objects and interests of the society.

SECT. 430. At all meetings of the fellows for the transaction of Presiding officer. business, the president of the society, or in case of his absence, the vice-president, shall preside; and in case of the absence of the president and vice-president, the fellows present may elect one of their

own number as president for the occasion.

SECT. 431. The president of the society, or in case of his death Meeting of presior absence from the state, the vice-president, on any special

dent and fellows

occa- how called.

Taxes how collected.

1852.

sociate to form

for mutual aid in sickness, &c.

sion, shall have power to call a meeting of the president and fellows, at such time and place as he may think proper, upon giving twenty days' notice in two newspapers published in this state; and in case of the death, resignation, or inability of the president, vicepresident, treasurer, or secretary, of the society, the vacancy made thereby may be filled for the remainder of the year, by the fellows, at any legal meeting duly assembled.

SECT. 432. It shall be the duty of the several clerks of the county meetings, in their respective counties, to collect and pay over to the treasurer of the society, all such taxes as shall, from time to time, be laid by the president and fellows upon the members of the society as aforesaid, and for that purpose said clerks may procure a warrant, under the hand of a justice of the peace, against such member or members of the society as shall neglect or refuse to pay the taxes so imposed upon them as aforesaid, which warrant any justice of the peace may issue; and said warrant shall be directed to the sheriff, or his deputies, of the county in which such delinquent member or members reside, and said sheriff, or either of his deputies, on receiving such warrant, may therewith proceed to enforce the collection of such tax, or taxes, in the same manner, and with the addition of the same fees, as are by law prescribed and allowed to the collectors of town taxes; and if any of the clerks of the county meetings shall neglect or refuse to collect the taxes intrusted to him to collect, by the time the same are made payable, or, having collected the same, shall neglect or refuse to pay the same over to the treasurer of the society, such treasurer may cause a suit or suits to be instituted against such delinquent, in the name of the society, before any court, proper to try the same, and pursue the same to final judgment; and the clerks shall be allowed a compensation of five per cent. on all moneys collected by them respectively, and paid to the treasurer of the medical society.

MUTUAL ASSISTANCE COMPANIES.

SECT. 433. Any number of persons may associate for the purpose Persons may of forming a friendly society for mutual assistance in case of sickness, friendly societies destitution, or death; and being so associated, shall, upon compliance with the provisions of this act, be a body politic and corporate; may sue and be sued, and do all acts necessary and proper for accomplishing the objects of the society; may have a seal, which it may change or alter at pleasure; may purchase, hold, and convey, real and personal estate of a value not exceeding twenty thousand dollars; may choose such officers and make and adopt such articles or by-laws as they may deem necessary for conducting and regulating its affairs, not inconsistent with the laws of this state or the United States. Before any such society shall be entitled to the privileges herein granted, it shall lodge, with the secretary of this state, a copy of its articles, or by-laws, attested by its presiding officer and secretary, and shall also cause the same to be recorded in the records of the town where such association is situated; and all subsequent alterations or amendments of its articles or by-laws shall in, like manner be so attested and left; and no article, by-law or amendment thereof, shall take effect until it is so attested and left with the town clerk and secretary as aforesaid; but this section shall not be so construed as to permit the formation of any joint stock company, for the purpose of life or health insurance.

PARSONAGES.

SECT. 434.

1852.

Any number of persons, in any town in this state, may Persons may asassociate for the purpose of procuring, building, and establishing, a sociate to estabparsonage, or place of residence for clergymen, and being so associa- lish parsonages. ted, shall, upon compliance with the provisions of this act, be a body politic and corporate; may sue and be sued, and do all acts necessary and proper for accomplishing the objects of the association; may have a seal, may purchase, hold and convey, real and personal estate of a value not exceeding ten thousand dollars; may choose such officers, and make and adopt such articles and by-laws as they may deem necessary for conducting and regulating its affairs, not inconsistent with the laws of this state or the United States; but before any association shall be entitled to the privileges herein granted, it shall lodge, with the secretary of this state, a copy of its articles or by-laws, attested by its presiding officer and secretary; and shall also cause the same to be recorded in the records of the town where such association is situated; and all subsequent alterations, or amendments, of its articles or by-laws, shall in like manner be so attested and left; and no article, or by-law, or amendment thereof, shall take effect until it is so attested and left with the town clerk and secretary as aforesaid. Nothing in this section shall be so construed as to permit the formation of any joint stock company for the purpose of life or health insurance, or for the purpose of establishing arts union societies; or for the purpose of forming a friendly society for mutual assistance in case of destitution or death.

PLANK ROADS.

Who may be in-

SECT. 435. Any number of persons, not less than three, may be 1852. formed into a corporation for the purpose of constructing and owning corporated. a plank road, by associating themselves under, and complying in all respects with, the provisions of this chapter. And any corporation, organized and established under this law, for the purpose of owning and constructing a plank road, shall have all the powers and privileges, and be subject to all the limitations and conditions which are incident to joint stock corporations under the provisions of this act. Powers, &c. And each and every section of this chapter, which relates to joint stock corporations, shall have the same force and effect in regulating the government of, and the transaction of business by, such corporation, as if herein specifically recited; but such corporation may Location. establish its location for the transaction of business in any town in this state.

SECT. 436.

When any such corporation so organized and estab- To be laid out by lished shall have complied with all the provisions of this chapter, rior court. petition to supe--which are herein specified, as pre-requisite to enable a corporation to commence business thereunder, such corporation may bring its petition to the superior court in the county in which said road or any part thereof is proposed to be located, praying for the laying out of the same, in which petition they shall designate the termini of the proposed road, and the town or towns in such county through or in which they contemplate locating the same; but before said corporation shall present such petition to any superior court, or be heard thereon, it shall obtain from a majority of the selectmen for the time being of each town in said county, through or in which

of selectmen to

Written consent said road is proposed to be located, their written consent to, and to be first ob- approval of, the construction of such contemplated road, to be intained, and in-dorsed upon said petition; and such indorsement shall be in lieu of any citation, or further notice upon said petition.

dorsed thereon.

Superior court to refer to county

locate.

SECT. 437. When any such petition, so indorsed as in the next commissioners to preceding section is provided, shall be returned to and entered in the docket of any superior court, said court shall, upon motion of the petitioners, forthwith refer the same to the county commissioners for such county, to locate the said road, or such part thereof as may be within said county. And said commissioners shall, upon such notice, as they may deem reasonable, to the persons upon or across whose land said corporation propose to construct its road, or any part thereof, and after hearing all objections thereto from such persons, proceed to locate said road, or such part thereof as may be within such county, of such width, and in such route, as they shall deem, under all the circumstances, most conducive to the interests Commissioners of the public. And said commissioners shall cause a survey of their port doings to location to be made, and shall make report in writing of their doings to said court, and said report and survey shall be recorded at length upon the records of said court.

to survey and re

court.

When and how constructed.

to be taken.

SECT. 438. After such location shall have been made and recorded as in the next preceding section provided, said corporation shall be empowered to construct and finally complete a road thereon of timber, plank, or other hard material, so that the same shall form a hard and even surface, and may take and use for that purpose all How much land lands and real estate, included within the location of said road; and for the purposes of cutting, and of making embankments, and of obtaining stone and gravel, may take as much more land as may be necessary for the proper construction and security of said road. Damages, how And said corporation shall pay all damages occasioned by the laying out, making and maintaining of said road, which damages shall be assessed, determined, and paid, in the manner provided, and under the regulations prescribed, for railroad companies by the four hundred and seventy-fifth section of this act.

determined and paid.

When lands of a

SECT. 439. When the lands, or other property, or estate, of any person under dis- feme-covert, infant, or person non compos mentis, shall be necesability wanted, how taken. sary for the construction of such plank road, said lands may be taken, notice being given to the husband of such feme-covert, the guardian of such infant, or the conservator of such person non compos mentis. And such husband, guardian, or conservator, may release all damages for any estate taken and appropriated as aforesaid, as he might do if said estate were held by him in his own right.

How constructed over streams, other roads, &c.

SECT. 440. Whenever it may be deemed necessary, such plank road may be located and constructed across, along, or upon, any water-course, stream, road, highway, or turnpike road, or over, or under, any railroad; but such corporation shall so far restore, to its former state, such water-course, stream, road, highway, or turnpike road, crossed or used by them, as to leave its usefulness unimpaired. SECT. 441. Whenever such corporation shall have completed the sioners may in- whole, or any four consecutive miles, of its plank road, it may plied to, and apply to the county commissioners of the county in which the same grant certificate, is located, or any two of them, to inspect said road, or said part

County commis

spect when ap

&c.

thereof so completed; and if said commissioners, or a majority of them, are satisfied on inspection, that the road, or part so inspected, is made according to the intent and meaning of this act, they shall

grant a certificate to that effect, which shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the superior court for such county.

toll gates, and

Rates of toll.

SECT. 442. Upon filing such certificate as aforesaid, the said cor- When may erect poration may erect one or more toll-gates, upon its road, but no within what two within three miles of each other, and may demand and receive limits. toll, not exceeding three cents per mile, for any vehicle drawn by two animals; one-half of a cent per mile for every additional animal; for every vehicle drawn by one animal, one cent and an half per mile; for every horse and rider, or led horse, three-quarters of a cent per mile, and for mules, cattle, sheep, and swine, one mill per mile each; but no toll-gate shall be erected so as to obstruct or hinder free travel on any public highway.

RAILROADS.

I. OF RAILROADS OPERATED BY STEAM.

Railroad compa

visions of this

SECT. 443. All railroad companies that have been, or shall be, in- 1849. 1862. corporated under the authority of this state, except railroad companies to be govnies, which transport passengers, or freight, on their roads by animal crued by the propower alone, shall have all the powers, and privileges, and be sub- act, except, &c. jected to all the duties, liabilities, and other provisions, contained in the one hundred and three succeeding sections of this act, respecting such companies, except when otherwise specially provided in their charters.

officers, &c.

SECT. 444. The immediate government, and direction of the affairs, Organization of of every such company shall be vested in a board of not less than the company nine directors, who shall be annually chosen by the company in the manner hereinafter provided, and shall hold their offices until others shall be duly elected in their places; and the said directors shall elect one of their own number president of the board, who shall also be president of the company, and they may also choose a clerk, or secretary, who shall also be clerk and secretary of the company, and who shall be sworn to a faithful discharge of his duty, and a treasurer, who shall give bonds to the company in such sum as shall be required by the by-laws, for the faithful discharge of his trust.

SECT. 445.

President or vice

not eligible to

No person, who is president, or vice president, of any 1853. railroad company, situated wholly without this state, having a cor- president of comporate existence, and a board of officers, distinct from, and uncon- pany out of state nected with, any railroad situated in and incorporated by the laws similar office in of this state, shall be eligible to, or hold the office of, president or this state. vice president of any railroad company, situated in whole or in part in this state, and incorporated in whole or in part by the laws thereof.

road.

SECT. 446. The president and directors of every railroad company supervision over shall maintain, by its president or vice-president, or by an executive management of committee of the directors, a watchful supervision over the management of its road. SECT. 447.

All meetings of the company shall be called and notified, in such manner as shall be provided in the by-laws, and at such meetings each member shall be entitled to one vote for each share held by him.

1849.

Meetings, how called.

1852. Proxy voting

SECT. 448. No person shall be entitled to vote, at any meeting of the stockholders in any railroad company, by virtue of any proxy or regulated. power of attorney, unless the same shall have been executed within

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