IN CONTINUITY, 265: Radial Artery, 268; Ulnar Artery, 271; Brachial

Artery, 272; Axillary Artery, 274; Subclavian Artery, 277; Region of

the Neck, 278; Common Carotid Artery, 280; External Carotid Artery,

283; Internal Carotid Artery, 284; Lingual Artery, 285; Dorsalis

Pedis Artery, 285; Anterior Tibial Artery, 287; Posterior Tibial

Artery, 289; Popliteal Artery, 290; Femoral Artery, 290; Iliac

Arteries, 293.

XVIII. DISEASES AND INJURIES OF BONES AND JOINTS.

(1) DISEASES OF THE BONES, 295: Atrophy of Bone, 295; Hypertrophy of

Bone, 295; Osteitis, or Inflammation of Bone, 295; Chronic Periostitis,

298; Osteoplastic Periostitis, 298; Abscess of Bone, 298; Caries, 299;

Necrosis, 301; Acute Diffuse Osteo-myelitis, 303; Acute Epiphysitis,

304; Chronic Osteo-myelitis, 305; Osteo-malacia, or Mollities Ossium,

305. (2) FRACTURES, 306: Definition, 306; Varieties, 306; Causes,

311; Symptoms, 314; Varieties of Displacement, 315; Diagnosis, 318;

Complications and Consequences, 320; Repair of Fractures, 320;

Non-union of Fractures, 322; Treatment of Fractures, 322. Special

Fractures: Nasal Bones, 328. Superior Maxillary Fractures, 331.

Fracture of Malar Bone, 333. Fracture of the Zygomatic Arch, 333-

Fractures of Inferior Maxillary Bone, 333. Fractures of Hyoid

Bone, 335. Fracture of Laryngeal Cartilages, 336. Fracture of the

Ribs, 337 Fracture of Costal Cartilages, 340. Fracture of Sternum,

341. Fractures of the Pelvis, 343: Fractures of False Pelvis, 343;

Fractures of True Pelvis, 344. Fracture of Sacrum, 346. Fractures

of Coccyx, 347. Fracture of Clavicle, 348: Fractures of Shaft of

Clavicle, 348; Fracture of Acromial End of Clavicle, 351; Fracture

of Sternal End of Clavicle, 352. Fracture of Scapula, 352: Frac-

tures of Neck of Scapula, 353; Fractures of Glenoid Cavity of Scapula,

353; Fracture of Acromion Process of Scapula, 353; Fracture of

Coracoid Process of Scapula, 354. Fractures of Humerus, 354:

Fracture of Anatomical Neck of Humerus, 354; Fractures of Surgical

Neck of Humerus, 356; Longitudinal and Oblique Fracture of Head

of Humerus, 357; Separation of Upper Epiphysis of Humerus, 358;

Fracture of Shaft of Humerus, 359; Fractures of Lower Extremity of

Humerus, 360; Fracture of External Condyle of Humerus, 360;

Fracture of Inner Epicondyle of Humerus, 360; Fracture of Internal

Condyle of Humerus, 361; Fracture at Base of Condyles of Humerus,

361; T-Fracture of Humerus, 361; Fractures in or near Elbow-joint,

361; Epiphyseal Separation of Humerus, 362. Fractures of Ulna,

363: Fracture of Coronoid Process of Ulna, 363; Fracture of

Olecranon Process of Ulna, 363; Fracture of Shaft of Ulna, 364;

Fracture of Styloid Process of Ulna, 365. Fractures of Radius, 365:

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295

Fracture of Head of Radius, 365; Fracture of Neck of Radius, 366;

Fracture of Shaft of Radius, 366; Fracture of Radius above Insertion

of Pronator Radii Teres Muscle, 366; Fracture of Radius below In-

sertion of Pronator Radii Teres Muscle, 367; Fracture of Shafts of

both Bones of Forearm, 367; Fracture of Lower Extremity of Radius,

368; Fracture of Both Radius and Ulna near Wrist, 370; Separation

of Lower Radial Epiphysis, 370. Fractures of Carpus, 371: Fracture
of Metacarpal Bones, 371; Fractures of Phalanges, 372. Fracture of

. Femur, 372: Fractures of Upper Extremity of Femur, 372; Intra-

capsular Fracture of Femur, 372; Extracapsular Fracture of Femur,

379; Fracture of Great Trochanter, 380; Separation of Upper Epiphy-

sis of Femoral Head, 381; Separation of Epiphysis of Great Tro-

chanter, 381; Fractures of Shaft of Femur, 381; Fracture of Femur

above Condyles, 383; Fracture of Femur Separating either Condyle,

384; Longitudinal Fractures of Femur, 385; Separation of Lower

Epiphysis of Femur, 385. Fracture of Patella, 385: Fracture of

Patella by Muscular Action, 385; Transverse Fractures of Patella,

386; Fractures of Patella by Direct Force, 387. Fractures of Tibia,

388: Fractures of Upper End of Tibia, 388; Separation of Upper

Epiphysis of Tibia, 389; Fractures of Shaft of Tibia, 389; Fractures

of Lower End of Tibia: Fracture of Inner Malleolus, 389; Separation

of Lower Epiphysis of Tibia, 390. Fracture of Fibula, 390: Fractures

of Upper Two-thirds of Fibula, 390; Fractures of Lower Third of

Fibula, 390; Pott's Fracture of Fibula, 391; Fracture of Both Bones

of Leg, 392.
Fractures of Bones of Foot, 393: Fractures of Meta-

tarsal Bones, 395; Fractures of Phalanges of Toes, 395. (3) DIS-

EASES OF THE JOINTS, 395: Synovitis, 395: Acute Synovitis, 395;

Chronic Synovitis, 396. Arthritis, 397: Tubercular Arthritis, 398.

Tuberculosis of Special Joints, 400: Hip-joint, 400; Knee-joint Dis-

ease, 407; Ankle-joint Disease, 409; Shoulder-joint Disease, 409;

Elbow-joint Disease, 410; Wrist-joint Disease, 410; Septic Arthritis,

411; Infective Arthritis, 411; Gonorrhoeal Arthritis, or Gonorrhoeal

Rheumatism, 412; Rheumatic Arthritis, 414; Gouty Arthritis, 415;

Arthritis Deformans, 416. Charcot's Disease, 419. Hysterical Joint, 420.

Neuralgia of Joints, 421. Articular Wounds and Injuries, 422: Sprains,

423. Ankylosis, 425: False or Extra-articular Ankylosis, 428. Loose

Bodies in Joints (Floating Cartilages), 428. (4) LUXATIONS OR DISLO-

CATIONS, 429: Traumatic Dislocations, 430; Spontaneous, Pathological,

and Consecutive Dislocations, 431; Congenital Dislocations, 431;

Compound Traumatic Dislocations, 435; Old Traumatic Dislocations,

436. Special Traumatic Dislocations: Lower Jaw, 436. Dislocation

of the Clavicle: Sternal End, 438; Forward Dislocation of the

PAGE

Clavicle, 438; Backward Dislocation of Clavicle, 439; Upward Dis-

location of Clavicle, 439; Dislocation of Acromial End of Clavicle,

440. Dislocation of Lower Angle of Scapula, 440. Dislocations of

Humerus (Shoulder-joint), 441. Dislocation of Elbow-joint, 448:

Dislocation of Both Bones of Elbow Forward, 449; Lateral Disloca-

tions of Both Bones of Elbow, 449. Dislocation of Ulna, 450. Dis-

location of Radius Forward, 450: Dislocation of Radius Backward,

451; Dislocation of Radius Outward, 451; Subluxation of Head of

Radius, 451. Dislocations of Wrist, 452: Backward Dislocation of

Wrist, 453; Forward Dislocation of Wrist, 453; Dislocation at Infe-

rior Radio-ulnar Articulation, 453. Dislocations of Individual Carpal

Bones, 454. Dislocations of Metacarpal Bones, 454: Dislocation at

Metacarpo-phalangeal Articulations, 454; Dislocation of Metacarpo-

phalangeal Joint of Thumb, 454. Dislocations of Phalanges, 455.

Dislocations of Ribs and Costal Cartilages, 456. Dislocations of

Sternum, 456. Pelvic Dislocations, 456. Dislocations of Femur

(Hip-joint), 457: Dislocation of Femur on Dorsum of Ilium, 457;

Dislocation of Femur into Sciatic Notch, 460; Dislocation of Femur

Downward into Obturator Foramen, 461; Dislocation of Femur

into Pubes, 462; Anomalous Dislocation of Hip, 462. Dislocations of

Knee, 463: Dislocation Forward of Knee-joint, 463; Dislocation

Backward of Knee-joint, 463; Dislocation Outward of Knee-joint,

464; Dislocation Inward of Knee-joint, 464; Lateral Dislocations of

Knee-joint, 464; Dislocation of Semilunar Cartilages of Knee, 464.

Dislocations of Fibula: Dislocation at Superior Tibio-fibular Articula-

tion, 465. Dislocations of Ankle-joint, 466: Lateral Dislocations of

Ankle-joint, 466; Antero-posterior Dislocations of Ankle-joint, 467;

Dislocation Upward of Ankle-joint, 467. Dislocation of Astragalus,

468: Dislocation of Astragalus Forward or Backward, 468; Lateral

and Rotary Dislocations of Astragalus, 468; Subastragaloid Disloca-

tion, 469. Dislocations of Other Tarsal Bones, 470. Dislocations of

Metatarsal Bones, 470. Dislocations of Phalanges, 470. (5) OPERA-

TIONS ON BONES, 470: Osteotomy 470: Osteotomy for Genu Valgum,

or Knock-knee (Macewen's Operation), 471; Osteotomy for Bent

Tibia, 473; Osteotomy for Faulty Ankylosis of Hip-joint, 473; Oste-

otomy through Neck of Femur, 473; Osteotomy of Shaft of Femur

below Trochanters (Gant's Operation), 475; Osteotomy for Faulty

Ankylosis of Knee-joint, 475; Osteotomy for Vicious Union of Frac-

ture, 476; Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus, 476; Osteotomy for Talipes

Equino-varus, 476; Osteotomy for Talipes Equinus 477; Bone-graft-

ing, or Transplantation (see p. 303); Osteotomy and Wiring for

Ununited Fracture, 477. Treves' Operation for Caries of Lumbar

PAGE

and Last Dorsal Vertebræ, 479. Aspiration of Joints, 480. Ex-

cision of Bones and Joints, 481: Erasion, or Arthrectomy, 482; Ex-

cision of Shoulder-joint, 483; Excision of Elbow-joint, 487; Excision

of Wrist-joint, 488; Excision of Metacarpal Bones and of Phalanges,

490; Excision of Hip-joint, 491; Excision of Ankle-joint, 495;

Excision of Os Calcis, 496; Excision of Astragalus, 497; Excision of

Metatarso-phalangeal Articulation of Big Toe, 497; Excision of Meta-

tarsal Bone of Big Toe, 498; Excision of Clavicle, 498; Excision of

Scapula, 498; Excision of Rib, 499; Complete Excision of One-half

of Upper Jaw, 500; Excision of One-half of Lower Jaw, 502.

XIX. DISEASES AND INJURIES Of Muscles, TenDONS, AND BURSÆ.

Myalgia, or Muscular Rheumatism, 503; Myositis, 505; Hypertrophy of

Muscles, 505; Atrophy of Muscles, 505; Degeneration of Muscles,

506; Local Ossification and Myositis Ossificans, 506; Tumors of

Muscles, 506; Syphilis, 506; Trichinosis, 506; Wounds and Contu-

sions of Muscles, 507; Strains and Ruptures of Muscles, 508; Hernia

of Muscles, 509; Contractions of Muscles, 509; Dislocation of Ten-

dons, 509; Wounds of Tendons, 510; Rupture of Tendons, 510.

Thecitis, or Teno-synovitis, 510: Acute Thecitis, 510; Palmar Abscess,

511; Chronic Thecitis, 511. Ganglia, 512. Felon, Whitlow, or

Paronychia, 512. Bursitis, 513. Housemaid's Knee, 514. Bunion,

514.

Operations on Tendons: Tenotomy, 515: Tenotomy of Tendo

Achillis, 515; Tendon-suture and Tendon-lengthening, 516.

XX. ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY

Torticollis, 518; Dupuytren's Contraction, 519; Syndactylism (Webbed

Fingers), 520; Polydactylism (Supernumerary Digits), 520; Genu Val-

gum (Knock-knee), 520; Genu Varum (Bow-legs), 521; Talipes

(Club-foot), 521; Pes Planus (Flat-foot), 523; Pes Cavus (Hollow-

foot), 523; Hallux Valgus or Varus, 523; Hammer-toe, 523.

XXI. DISEASES AND INJURIES OF NERVES.

(1) DISEASES OF NERVES: Neuritis, or Inflammation of a Nerve, 524;

Neuralgia, 525. (2) WOUNDS AND INJURIES OF NERVES: Section of

Nerves, 525; Pressure upon Nerves, 526; Contusions of Nerves, 527;

Punctured Wounds of Nerves, 527. (3) OPERATIONS UPON NERVES:

Neurorrhaphy, or Nerve-suture, 527; Neurectasy, Neurotomy, and

Neurectomy, 528; Stretching of Sciatic Nerve, 529; Neurectomy of

Infraorbital Nerve, 529; Neurectomy of Supraorbital Nerve, 530.

XXII. DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE HEAD..

(1) Diseases oF THE HEAD: Anatomical Regions of Head, 530; Dis-

eases of Scalp, 534; Diseases of Bones of Skull (see p. 295 et seq.);

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503

517

524

530

Microcephalus, 535. Diseases and Malformations Involving Brain:

Meningocele, 536; Encephalocele, 536; Hydrencephalocele, 536;

Hydrocephalus, 537; Acute Hydrocephalus, 537; Chronic Hydro-

cephalus, 537. (2) INJURIES OF HEAD: Cephalhæmatoma, 537; Scalp-

wounds, 537; Contusions of Head, 538; Concussion or Laceration of

Brain, 538; Compression of Brain, 540. Intracranial Hemorrhage:

1, Extradural Hemorrhage, 542; 2, Subdural Hemorrhage, 543; 3,

Cerebral Hemorrhage, 543. Rupture of a Sinus, 544. Fractures of

Skull, 544: Fractures of Vault, 545; Fractures of Base, 546. Wounds

of Brain, 549: Gunshot Wounds of Head, 550; Fungus Cerebri, 551;

Traumatic Inflammation of Brain, 551; Pachymeningitis, 551; Pachy-

meningitis Interna, 552; Leptomeningitis, 552; Tuberculous Menin-

gitis, 553; Acute Traumatic Leptomeningitis, 554; Chronic. Lepto-

meningitis, 556; Abscess of Brain, 556; Brain Disease from Suppu-

rative Ear Disease, 558; Cerebral Abscess from Ear Disease, 559;

Extradural Abscess, 559; Infective Sinus Thrombosis, 559; Intra-

cranial Tumors, 560; Operative Treatment of Epilepsy, 561. Opera-

tions on the Skull and Brain: Trephining, 562; Technique of Brain-

operations, 564; Operation for Mastoid Suppuration, 565.

XXIII. SURGERY OF THE SPINE. .

Congenital Deformities, 566; Tumors of Spine, 567. Spinal Curvatures,

568: Lateral Curvature (Scoliosis), 569; Antero-posterior Curvature,

572; Angular Curvature, 573. Injuries of Spinal Ligaments and

Muscles, 575: Traumatic Hysteria, 577; Malingering, 578. Concus-

sion of Spinal Cord, 579; Contusion of Spinal Cord, 579; Wounds of

Spinal Cord, 579; Compression of Spinal Cord, 580; Fractures and

Dislocations of Spine, 580. Operations on Spine: Treves' Operation

for Vertebral Caries (see p. 479); Laminectomy, 582.

XXIV. SURGERY OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS.

(1) DISEASES AND INJURIES OF NOSE AND ANTRUM: Foreign Bodies in

Nose, 583; Inflammation and Abscess of Antrum of Highmore (Max-

illary Antrum), 583. (2) DISEASES AND INJURIES OF LARYNX AND

TRACHEA: (Edema of Larynx (Edema of Glottis), 584; Wounds

and Injuries of Larynx, 585; Foreign Bodies in Air-passages, 585.

(3) OPERATIONS ON LARYNX AND TRACHEA: Tracheotomy, 588;

High Tracheotomy, 590; Quick Laryngotomy, 591; Intubation of

Larynx (O'Dwyer's Operation), 592. (4) DISEASES AND INJURIES

OF CHEST, PLEURA, AND LUNGS: Pleuritic Effusion, 593; Empyema,

593; Contusions and Wounds of Chest, 594; Paracentesis Thoracis,

594; Thoracotomy, 595; Thoracoplasty, 596.

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583