figures represented the statistics for the last ten years in deaths per

It is to be noted in regard to Elmira, that in 1896 there was a bad outbreak, which was directly traced to pollution from a typhoid case above the intake. Syracuse now takes its water from Skaneateles Lake, and for the last few years has had thirty deaths per 100,000. Dr. Curtis thought that these statistics emphasized the statement of Bryce that "the incidence of typhoid fever is the index of the purity of a city's water supply."

Dr. MACHARG, in closing the discussion, stated that he had four cases of typhoid, all supplied by the same milkman. (These were four of the seven cases referred to by Dr. Craig).

Dr. MERENESS asked regarding typhoid incidence in cities with a lake supply like Chicago.

Dr. CURTIS stated that this depended upon the relation of the intake to the outlet of the sewers.

The President stated that he thought the paper and discussion had brought out the following points:

1. That the efficiency of the Albany filtration plant was first-rate.

2. That the passage of the water through the pipes increased the bacterial count.

3. That an entirely filtered supply should be substituted for the present supply with some mixed water.

4. Minor points were:

a. The question of milk supply.

b. The necessity of a good sewage system.

c. The importance of individual susceptibility.

A movement to adjourn was then made by Dr. MORROW, and was seconded and carried.

UNION UNIVERSITY BOARD Of Governors.-At the meeting of the Board of Governors of Union University, held in the Library of the Albany Medical College, October 9th, the Hon. Simon W. Rosendale was unamimousley elected president of the board, and Hon. Amasa J. Parker, secretary.

Opening of the Seventieth Session of the Albany Medical College.— The introductory lecture of the Seventieth Session of the Albany Medical College was delivered by Professor H. C. Gordinier, M. D., in the amphitheatre of the college, on Tuesday, September 25, 1900, at 12 m. Professor Vander Veer, Dean of the Faculty, presided. Prayer was offered by the Rev. Eliphalet Nott Potter, ex-president of Union University. President A. V. V. Raymond welcomed the students on behalf of the university. Expresident Potter addressed the students and spoke briefly on the work accomplished since the formation of Union University. Announcements were made by Professor Tucker.

ALBANY COLLEGE of PHARMACY.-The twentieth course of lectures of the Albany College of Pharmacy was formally opened on the evening of October 1, 1900. President A. V. V. Raymond, of Union University, presided and delivered an address to the students welcoming them back to Albany and the college. The address of the evening was delivered by Dr. Thomas W. Jenkins, of the Faculty, who spoke on "Individuality." Shorter addresses were made by Professor Tucker and others.

THE CHILD'S HOSPITAL STAFF.-At a meeting of the Managers of The Child's Hospital held on October eighth the following medical and surgical staff was appointed: Attending physicians, Dr. T. M. Trego, Dr. Henry Hun, Dr. H. Van Rensselaer, Dr. A. MacFarlane, Dr. H. L. K. Shaw; attending surgeons, Dr. Lewis Balch, Dr. S. R. Morrow, Dr. A. H. Traver, Dr. A. W. Elting, Dr. C. E. Davis; ophthalmic and aural surgeons, Dr. C. S. Merrill, Dr. C. H. Moore; nose and throat department, Dr. Clement Theisen; dermatological department, Dr. F. C. Curtis; pathologist, Dr. George Blumer; dental surgeon, Dr. F. G. Michel.

TRAINING SCHOOL FOR NURSERY MAIDS.-The Managers of The Child's Hospital have started a training school for nursery maids at St. Margaret's House. The course covers eight months, one of which is probationary. The pupils are boarded and lodged at the expense of the House and receive

five dollars a month. At the end of eight months diplomas are given to those who pass satisfactory examinations. The schedule of instruction is as follows: (1) Infant feeding: care of milk, milk sterilization, care of bottles, preparation of food with rules as to quantity and frequency; (2) Bathing: daily bath, the use of hot, cold and mustard baths; (3) Hygiene of the skin care of mouth, eyes, ears and nose; (4) Nursery hygiene: ventilation, temperature, cleanliness, care of napkins, etc.; (5) Training of children in proper bodily habits; (6) Miscellaneous: use of clinical thermometer, making of poultices and oiled silk jackets, giving of enemata; (7) Simple means of treatment in nursery emergencies; (8) The rudiments of kindergarten work.

"HARVEST HOME FESTIVALS" FOR THE HOSPITALS.- During the past few weeks the several churches of this city have held "Harvest Home Festivals" for the benefit of the various hospitals. This humanitarian work is not alone of benefit to the hospitals or their patients but increases the interest in the work in other directions.

THE SEPTEMBER REPORT OF THE ALBANY HEALTH Department.-Dr. Joseph D. Craig, Health Officer of the City of Albany, made the following report for the month ending September 30th, Plumbing inspections: Number of permits issued, 106; number of building permits issued, 20; number of plumbing permits issued, 86; number of building and plumbing inspections, 370; number of water tests on new buildings, 8; number of smoke tests on new buildings, 1; number of houses inspected for plumbing, 140. Sanitary Inspectors' report: Number of houses fumigated, 46; number of rooms fumigated, 138; number of privy vault notices served, 4; number of notices served to abate filthy yards and defective plumbing, 7; number of re-inspections of filthy yards, and privy vault nuisances, 23; number of inspections of defective plumbing, 16. The Meat Inspector reports for the same month, who also of necessity does a portion of the general sanitary inspection of the office: Inspections and re-inspections, 17; notices served, 20; markets inspected, 14; seized and destroyed boleveal, 72 lbs.; cards posted and schools notified (contagious disease), 23; typhoid fever cases investigated, 18. The meat inspector appears on the market each day. The Registrar of Vital Statistics reports: births, 94; marriages, 46; deaths, 122. Of these deaths 20 were in persons 70 years of age or over, 23 were in persons of one year or under, and 12 died in hospitals. The deaths from contagious disease are an index in a general way of the health conditions among the people that died from specific disease during the month; from typhoid fever, 4; from diphtheria, 4; from consumption, 14. Deaths from other causes were as follows: apoplexy, 8; cancer, 3; lock jaw, 1; pneumonia, 4; Bright's disease, 16; old age, 3; accident and violence, 10; cholera infantum, 4. A large number of personal inspections in the settlement of disputed cases were made by the health officer in person.

THE AURELIA OSBORN-FOX MEMORIAL HOSPITAL AT ONEONTA.-The corner stone of this memorial hospital-the gift of Reuben L. Fox, of Oneonta was laid with impressive Masonic ceremonies, Friday, October

5 1900. Mr. M. W. Charles W. Mead, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of the State of New York, assisted by his associate grand officers, performed the rite.

THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE MISSOURI VALLEY.-The annual meeting of this Society was held at Council Bluffs, September 20th. The society voted to contribute $25.00 to the Rush Monument Fund, and a resolution was adopted providing for a banquet after each meeting. The following officers were elected: President, Dr. V. L. Treynor, Council Bluffs; first vice-president, Dr. B. B. Davis, Omaha; second vice-president, Dr. F. E. Tompson, Creston; treasurer, Dr. T. B. Lacey, Council Bluffs; secretary, Dr. Chas. Wood Fassett, St. Joseph, Mo. The next meeting will be held at Omaha in March, 1901.

NATIONAL AND STATE MEDICAL SOCIETIES, Meetings for November AND DECEMBER.-The Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association, will meet at Atlanta, Ga., November 13-15, under the presidency of Dr. A. M. Cartledge, of Louisville, Kentucky.

The Western Surgical and Gynæcological Association, will meet at Minneapolis, Minn., December 27-28. Secretary, Dr. George H. Simmons, 61 Market street, Chicago; President, Dr. O. Beverly Campbell, of St. Joseph, Mo.

Oklahoma Territory Medical Society meets at Oklahoma City, November 15th.

Indian Territory Medical Association meets at Muscoyee, December

4-5.

THE REVISION OF THE BERTILLON CLASSIFICATION OF THE CAUSES OF DEATH.-The first decennial revision of the Bertillon classification of causes of death, occurred at Paris on August 18 to 20, under the auspices of the International Congress of Hygiene and Demography, as originally proposed by the American Public Health Association. The sessions were presided over by the distinguished Dr. Brouardel, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Paris, and contained representatives from many nations. It should be remembered that this classification is not only a classification of causes of death, but is also intended for the classification of causes of disability, and hence has a wider application than that pertaining to mortality statistics alone.

THE PROPOSED Site for thE STATE HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES.-The State Hospital trustees, including Howard Townsend, of New York City; Dr. J. H. Pryor, of Buffalo; Frank E. Kendall, of Syracuse; Dr. Willis G. MacDonald, of Albany, and Walter E. Jennings, of New York City, have selected Big Lake Clear for the site of the proposed consumptives' hospital. On October 11, the State Forest Preserve Board and the State Board of Health held a meeting to listen to arguments why the selection of the Lake Clear site should not be approved by them as required by law. The members of these two boards present were: Lieut-Governor Woodruff, State Engineer Bond, Attorney-General Davies, Dr. Daniel H. Lewis and Health Officer Dr. Alva H. Doty, of New York City, and Owen

Cassidy. All the Hospital trustees were present. The proposed site was opposed by the owners of property and camps of that region. Dr. Vander Veer stated that it was unsafe to put too many consumptives in a given area and that there were enough now in and about the Saranac region. The site proposed would cost the State from $10,000 to $12,000. A large delegation from Clinton County claimed that the committee had not accorded the Dannemora site a fair consideration. Dr. Ransom, who has been the prison physician at Clinton prison, Dannemora, for the past twelve years, made the principal argument in favor of this site. He claims that Dannemora is on the dryest slope of the Adirondack range and that the climatic conditions are superior to those of Lake Clear. The percentage of consumptive deaths at Dannemora, where they are sent from the other State prisons, is less than in the Lake Clear and Saranac regions. The Dannemora site would be given to the State and would adjoin land already belonging to the State and is quite remote from the prison. Large stone quarries are near and convicts could furnish the labor. Alfred F. Sims, the United States weather observer, said that a comparison of the atmospheric conditions at Lake Clear and Dannemora was decidedly in favor of the latter. As the two boards could only approve a site selected by the trustees, a resolution was adopted requesting the trustees to make a further investigation of the Dannemora site and compare its climatic and other advantages with those of Big Lake Clear.

THE AUGUST BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.The 11,047 deaths this month are nearly the average of the past five years, as is the decrease of 600 from the reported mortality of July. The death rate is 18.5 against 19.5 in July. There were 500 fever deaths under the age of five years, the percentage being 38.3 against 40.6 both being lower than the average. The percentage of zymotic deaths was nearly the same as in July 23.7. The decrease in diarrhoeal mortality has been less than the average, 1,985 deaths being from this cause or 100 less than in July. Deaths from typhoid fever and malarial diseases have increased, scarlet fever and measles have diminished. The decrease from July has been in local diseases, all of which caused fewer deaths. There were likewise fewer deaths from accidents and violence; 777 against a monthly average for the year of 528. Of 275 deaths from violence outside of New York City 80 were from drowning (nearly 30 per cent.), 5 from lightning stroke, 12 from sun stroke; of the rest 41 were from railroad (15 per cent.), 2 electric car, 3 wagon accidents, 3 electric shock, 9 poisoning, 10 burning, 15 suicide, I execution.

Of all deaths, 8,200 occurred in cities and villages of over 10,000 population and 2,850 in the rest of the State. The urban death rate was 18.3 against 20.5 in July; the rural death rate on the other hand is increased being 15.0 against 13.0 in July. 17.3 per cent. of the urban deaths were from diarrheal diseases, 20.0 per cent. of the rural, these deaths having decreased from July in the urban towns by 450, whilst in rural towns the number of diarrhoeal deaths is more than double that of July.

Diphtheria causes in August fewer deaths than in any other month in this State; there were 198 deaths, a small decrease from July, the average