Death of three Prophets-Monohoe-M'Queen -Colbert, alias Piomingo-His exploits-Anec- dote-Murder of John Morris-Mushalatubee- Pushamata-Speech of Mushalatubee and of Pushamata to Lafayette at Washington-Pu- shamata dies there-Hillishago visits England -Excites the Seminoles to war-A modern Pocahontas-Hornotlimed-Massacres a boat's crew in Apalachicola River-Is captured with Hillishago, and banged-Neamathla-Removal of the Florida Indians-Their wretched condi- tion-M'Queen-Rich in lands and slaves- Flies to Florida, and loses his effects,......394 CHAP. VIII. Grounds of the Seminole war- Circumstances of those Indians misunderstood -Unjustness of the war-Neamathla deposed -Treaties-Of Moultrie Creek-Payne's Land- ing-Council at Camp King-Is broken up by Osceola-It is renewed, and a party agrees to emigrate Osceola's opposition-Is seized and put in irons-Feigns a submission, and is re- leased-Executes an agreement to comply with the demands of the whites-The physical con- CHAP. IX. The Indians prepare for war-Affair of Hogtown-A mail carrier killed-Sales of the Indians' cattle and horses advertised by the Indian agent, but none takes place-Burnings and murders are committed-Settlement at New River destroyed-Remarkable preserva- tion of a Mr. Godfrey's family-Colonel War- ren's defeat-Swamp fight-Destruction of New Smyrna-Defeat and death of Major Dade, with the destruction of nearly his whole party- Visit to his battle-ground,... CHAP. X. Of the principal chiefs and war lead- ers of the Seminoles-Osceola-Micanopy- Jumper-Massacre of General Thompson and others at Fort King-Battle of the Ouithle- coochee-Fight near Wetumka-Great distress of the country-Action of Congress upon it- Battle at Musquito-Many Creeks join the Seminoles-Fight on the Suanee River,....420 CHAP. XI. Congress makes an appropriation for carrying on the war-Remarks in the Senate of the United States on the war with the Semi- noles-Debate in the House of Representatives on the bill for the relief of the inhabitants of Florida-Attack on some Creeks at Bryant's Ferry-General Gaines's campaign in Florida-- Fights the Indians on the Ouithleconcbee-His conference with Osceola-Resigns his com- mand, and leaves the country-Captain Alli- son's skirmish-The chief Ouchee Billy killed -Siege of Camp McLemore-Great sufferings of its garrison-Delivered by Captain Read- CHAP. XII. Creek War-Murders and devasta- tions begin-Eleven persons killed near Colum- bus-Mail routes in possession of the Indians- A steamboat attacked and men killed-Chiefs of the war parties-Mail stages destroyed-The town of Roanoke burnt-Colonel Lindsay's Florida affair-Excessive dismay of the people of Georgia-Murder of families-Fight on the Chattahoochie-Capture of Jim Henry and Ne- amathla-Account of the chiefs-Surrender of CHAP. XIII. History of the expatriation of the CHAP. XIV. Expatriation of the Cherokees, con- CHAP. XV. History of the Cherokees, contin- CHAP. XVI. History of the Cherokees, conclud- CHAP. XVII. The Seminole war resumed- Further account of the causes of the war-Nu- merous cases of gross imposition-Bad conduct of government officers-A new treaty of remo- val urged-A deputation visits the west-Their report-Another treaty-Speeches of the chiefs -Examination of the policy of the government relative to a removal of the Indians-Character CHAP. XVIII. Carrying the events of the war to the close of the year 1836-Review of early diffi- culties The Hogtown murder-The insult to Osceola-Micanopy-King Payne-General Clinch's expedition-Gen. Scott attacked- Massacre at Charlotte Harbor-Fort Micanopy besieged-Death of officers-Lighthouse affair -Battle of Welika-Creeks and Cherokee affairs-Indians surprisea-Murders-Battle of San Felasco-Col. Lane's expedition-His melancholy death-Gov. Call in command- Battles of the Wahoo Swamp-Gen. Jesup resumes command-His expedition to the Wa- CHAP. XIX. Events of the war during the year 1837-Expedition to Ahapopka-Osuchee killed Jesup parleys with the chiefs-Col. Hender- son's expedition-Battle of Lake Monroe- Treaty of Fort Dade-Unobserved-Osceola at Fort Mellon-Numbers of the Seminoles- Sudden abduction of emigrants-Jesup requests to be relieved from command-Western Indians applied to-Gen. Hernandez's expedition-Cap- ture of King Philip-Surprise of the Uchees Surrender of chiefs-Mediation of Ross-Cap- ture of Osceola and others-View of the affair -Wild Cat's escape-Battle of Okechobee, 477 CHAP. XX. Embracing the events of 1838 and 1839 Battle of Wacasa Swamp-Defeat of Lieut. Powell-Battle of Lucha Hatcha-Gen. Jesup wounded-Death of Osceola-His char- acter-Gen. Jesup desires to give up the war, and allow the Indians to live in Florida-Not allowed by the government-His talk with Tos- kegee-Indians seized at Fort Jupiter-Gen. Jesup leaves Florida-Death of Philip and Jumper-Capt. Ellis's exploit-Indians surprise Capt. Beall-Families murdered-Crews of vessels murdered-Death of Mushalatubee- Camp Forbes attacked-Numerous murders— Capt. Russell and Maj. Noel killed-Capt. Rowell defeated-Gen. Macomb takes command in Florida-Endeavors to make a treaty-Lieut. Hulbert killed-Reward for Indians-Massacre at Colooshatchie-Indians surprised at Fort Mellon-Murders on the Waculla-Blood- CHAP. XXI. Events of the year 1840-A train of wagons taken-Lieut. Whedan killed-Dog exploits-Families destroyed-Defeat of Capt. Rains-Lieut. Sanderson's defeat-Col. Riley's exploit-Col. Green's-Col. Harney's-A com- pany of players attacked-Cow Creek skirmish -Indian Key destroyed-Lieut. Arthur's ex- ploit-Eleven families destroyed-Capt. Beall's fight-Lieut. Hanson's battle-Indian hanged- Pacification attempted through a deputation of Seminoles from Arkansas-It fails-Whites taken in aiding Indians-Wild Cat's exploit- Sad accident-Lieut. Judd ambushed-Fort Hanson burnt-Col. Harney's voyage to the Everglades-Hangs nine Indians-The chief Chiakika killed-Fort Walker attacked-Capt. BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF THE IRO- QUOIS OR FIVE NATIONS, AND OTHER NEIGHBORING TRIBES OF THE WEST. CHAP. I. Particulars in the history of the Iro- quois or Five Nations-Extent of their domin- ions-Antiquities and traditions-Destroy the Eries-War with the Adirondaks-Specimen of their language-Account of the chiefs- Grangula-Black-kettle-His bloody wars with the French-Adario-His singular stratagem to unite his countrymen against the French-De- stroys Montreal and near a thousand inhabitants mous speech to a missionary-His interview with Colonel Snelling-British invade his coun try-Resolves to repel them-His speech upon -Witchcraft affair-Complains of encroach- Juskakaka, or Little-billy-Achiout, or Half- town-Kiandogewa, or Big-tree-Gyantwaia, or Corn-plant-Address of the three latter to President Washington-Grant of land to Big- tree-His visit to Philadelphia, and death- Further account of Corn-plant-His own ac- stories concerning him-History of the journey of five Iroquois chiefs to England,. CHAP II. Tamany, a famous ancient Delaware CHAP. III. Washington's embassy to the French on the Ohio-Battle near Great Meadows, and death of Jumonville-Chiefs met with by Washington-Shingis-Monacatoocha-Half- king-Juskakaka-White-thunder - Alliquipa -Capt. Jacobs-Hendrick-His history-Cu- rious anecdote of Logan-Cresap's war-Bat- tle of Point Pleasant-Logan's famous speech -Cornstalk-His history-Red-hawk-Ellinip- CHAP. VII. Tecumseh-His great exertions to -Characteristic anecdote of the chief-Deter- mines, in the event of war, to prevent barbar- ities Battle of Tippecanoe-Battle of the Thames, and death of Tecumseh-Description of his person-Important events in his life- Pukeesheno, father of Tecumseh-His death- Battle of Magaugo-Specimen of the Shawanee language-Particular account of Ellskwatawa, or the Prophet-Account of Round-head-Cap- ture and massacre of General Winchester's army at the River Raisin-Mycerah, or the CHAP. VIII. Black-hawk's war-Historical ac- count of the tribes engaged in it-Treaty be- tween them-Murders among the Sioux and Chippewas Red-bird-Black-hawk Indians CHAP. IV. Capt. Pipe-Situation of affairs on the frontiers at the period of the revolution- Sad condition of the Moravian Indians at this period-Half-king engages to take them to Can- ada-His speech to them-They remonstrate- Half-king inclines not to molest them, but Capt. Pipe's counsel prevails, and they are seized- Pipe's conduct thereupon-Missionaries taken to Detroit and examined-Pipe goes to accuse them-Changes his conduct towards them, and they are acquitted-Remarkable deliverance- Captain White-eyes opposes the conduct of Pipe-His speech to his people-Colonel Broad- head's expedition-Brutal massacre of a chief- Gelelemend-Buokongahelas-Reproves the murder of Major Trueman and others-In the battle of Presq'Isle-His death-His intre- pidity-Further particulars of Captain Pipe- His famous speech-Expedition and defeat of Colonel Crawford, who is burnt at the stake- Chik tommo-King-crane - Little-turtle-De-CHAP. IX. March of Major Stillman-Kills CHAP. V. Life of Thayandaneca, called by the whites Brant-His education-Visits England -Commissioned there-His sister a companion to Sir Wm. Johnson-His letter to the Oneidas -Affair with Herkimer at Unadilla-Cuts off Herkimer and 200 men at Oriskana-Anecdote of Herkimer-Burns Springfield-Horrid affair of Wyoming-Incidents-Destroys Cherry Val- ley-Barbarities of the tories-Sullivan's dep- relations among the Five Nations-Brant de- feated by the Americans at Newtown-De- struction of Minisink, and slaughter of 100 peo- ple-Destruction of Harpersfield-Brant's letter some of Black-hawk's men-Stillman's defeat feat-Defeat of Major Dement-Battle of the Ouisconsin-Battle of the 2d of August, and end CHAP. X. History of the chiefs under Black- hawk-Nenpope-Surrender of Black-hawk- Wabokieskie-Indians at Washington,.....654 CHAP. XI. Observations on the causes of the war-Indians visit the Atlantic States,.....661 CHAP. XII. From the time Black-hawk was set at liberty in his own country, in 1833, to his death, on October 3d, 1838, with other impor tant matters connected with the Indians in the CHAP. XIII. Some further particulars of early events on the borders of Pennsylvania,.....678 CHAP. XIV. Early western history-Incidents of battles-Skirmishes and defeats,. ..689 peace-Visits Philadelphia-His marriage- Lands granted him by the king-His death-His son John-Traits of character-One of his sons killed by him, in an attempt to kill his father- Account of Brant's arrival in England-Some CHAP. VI. Facts in the history of the Seneca APPENDIX, nation-Sagoyewatha, or Red-jacket-His fa- INDEX,..................................... AN ALPHABETICAL ENUMERATION OF THE INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS. An attempt is made, in the following Table, to locate the various bands of Aborigines, ancient and modern, and to convey the best information respecting their numbers our multifarious sources will warrant. Modern writers have been, for several years, endeavoring to divide North America into certain districts, each of which should include all the Indians speaking the same, or dialects of the same, language; but whoever has paid any attention to the subject, must undoubtedly have been convinced that it can never be done with any degree of accuracy. This has been undertaken in reference to an approximation of the great question of the origin of this people, from a comparison of the various languages used among them. An unwritten language is easily varied, and there can be no barrier to innovation. A continual intermixing of tribes has gone on from the period of their origin to the present time, judging from what we have daily seen; and when any two tribes unite, speaking different languages, or dialects of the same, a new dialect is produced by such amalgamation. Hence the accumulation of vocabularies would be like the pursuit of an infinite series in mathematics; with this difference, however-in the one we recede from the object in pursuit, while in the other we approach it. But I would not be understood to speak disparagingly of this attempt at classification; for, if it be unimportant in the main design, it will be of considerable service to the student in Indian history on other accounts. Thus, the Uchees are said to speak a primitive language, and they were districted in a small territory south of the Cherokees; but, some 200 years ago, - if they then existed as a tribe, and their tradition be true, they were bounded on the north by one of the great lakes. And they are said to be descended from the Shawanees by some of themselves. We know an important community of them is still in existence in Florida. Have they created a new language in the course of their wanderings? or have those from whom they separated done so? Such are the difficulties we meet with at every step of a classification. But a dissertation upon these matters cannot now be attempted. In the following analysis, the names of the tribes have been generally given in the singular number, for the sake of brevity; and the word Indians, after such names, is omitted from the same cause. Few abbreviations have been used: -W. R., west of the Rocky Mountains; m., miles; r., river; 1., lake; and perhaps a few others. In some instances, reference is made to the body of the work, where a more extended account of a tribe is to be found. Such references are to the Book and Page, the same as in the Index. ABEKAS, probably Muskogees, under the French at Tombeckbee in 1750. ACOMAK, one of the six tribes in Virginia when settled by the English in 1607. ADIRONDAKS, (Algonkin,) along the N. shore St. Lawrence; 100 in 1786. 10 INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS. AFFAGOULA, Small clan in 1783, on Mississippi r., 8 m. above Point Coupé. ANASAGUNTAKOOK, (Abenaki,) on sources Androscoggin, in Maine, till 1750. ASSINNABOIN, (Sioux,) between Assinn. and Missouri r.; 1,000 on Ottawa r. in 1836. ATNAS, (Ojibewas,) next S. of the Athapascow, about lat. 57° N., in 1790. ATTAPULGAS, (Seminoles,) on Little r., a branch of Oloklikana, 1820, and 220 souls. AUCOSISCO, (Abenaki,) between the Saco and Androscoggin River in 1630, &c. BAYAGOULA, W. bank Mississippi, opposite the Colipasa; important in 1699. BILOXI, at Biloxi, Gulf Mex., 1699; a few on Red r., 1804, where they had removed. CADDO, on Red River in 1717, powerful; on Sodo Bay in 1800; in 1804, 100 men. CALASTHOCLE, N. Columbia, on the Pacific, next N. the Chillates; 200 in 1820. CANCES, (Kansas,) 1805, from Bay of St. Bernard, over Grand r., toward Vera Cruz. CATHLAMAT, on the Pacific, 30 m. S. mouth of Columbia River; 600 in 1820. CHEEGEE, (Cherokees,) 50 to 80 m. S. of them; called also Mid. Settlement, 1780. CHESKITALOWA, (Seminoles,) 580 in 1820, W. side Chattahoochee. CHICKASAW, between heads of Mobile River in 1780; once 10,000; now in Arkansas. CHOPUNNISH, on Kooskooskee River; 4,300 in 1806, in 73 lodges. CHOWANOK, (Shawanese ?) in N. Carolina, on Bennet's Creek, in 1708; 3,000 in 1630. COPPER, so called from their copper ornaments, on Coppermine River, in the north. DAHCOTA, or DocOTA, the name by which the Sioux know themselves. DELAWARE, (Lenna-lenape,) those once on Delaware River and Bay; 500 in 1750. DOGRIES, (Blackfeet,) but speak a different language. Dogs, the Chiens of the French. See CHIEN. DOTAME, 120 in 1805; about the heads of Chien River, in the open country. EAMUSES. See EMUSAS. ECHEMINS, (Canoe-men,) on R. St. Johns; include Passamaquoddies and St. Johns. EMUSAS, (Seminoles,) W. side Chattahoochee, 2 m. above the Wekisas; 20 in 1820. FOND DU LAC, roam from Snake River to the Sandy Lakes. FOWL-TOWNS, (Seminoles,) 12 m. E. Fort Scott; about 300 in 1820. FOXES, (Ottagamies,) called Renards by the French; dispossessed by B. Hawk's war GANAWESE, on the heads of Potomac River; same as Kanhaways, probably. GRAND RIVER, on Grand r., N. side L. Ontario; Mohawks, Senecas, and oth.; 2,000. |