.......499

mous speech to a missionary-His interview

with Colonel Snelling-British invade his coun

try-Resolves to repel them-His speech upon

-Witchcraft affair-Complains of encroach-
ments-One of his people put to death for being
a witch-He defends the executioner-His in-
terview with Lafayette-Council at Canandai-
gua-Farmers-brother-Red-jacket visits Phil-
adelphia-His speech to the governor of Penn-
sylvania-Speech of Agwelondongwas, or Good-
peter-Narrative of his capture during the rev-
olutionary war-Farmers-brother, or Honaya-
wus Visits Philadelphia-Peter-jaquette-
Visits France-Account of his death-Memo-
rable speech of Farmers-brother-His letter to
the secretary of war-Notice of several other
Seneca chiefs-Koyingquatah, or Young-king-

Juskakaka, or Little-billy-Achiout, or Half-

town-Kiandogewa, or Big-tree-Gyantwaia,

or Corn-plant-Address of the three latter to

President Washington-Grant of land to Big-

tree-His visit to Philadelphia, and death-

Further account of Corn-plant-His own ac-

count of himself-Interesting events in his life

-His sons,........
..........593

stories concerning him-History of the journey

of five Iroquois chiefs to England,.

CHAP II. Tamany, a famous ancient Delaware
-His history-Shikellimus-Favors the Mora-the event-Governor Clinton's account of him
vian Brethren-His reception of Count Zinzin-
dorf-His death-Canassatego-Visits Phila-
delphia-His speech to the Delawares-Anec-
dotes of him-Glikhikan-His speech to Half-
king-His attachment to the Christian Indians
-Meets with much trouble from Captain Pipe-
Conduct of Half-king-Of Pipe-Glikhikan per-
ishes in the massacre at Gnadenhuetten-Pa-
kanke-His history-Netawatwees-Becomes a
Christian-His speech to Pakanke-His death-
Paxnous-Tadeuskund-His history and death
-White-eyes-His transactions with the mis-
sionaries-Skenando-His celebrated speech-
Curious anecdote of him-His death,......512

CHAP. III. Washington's embassy to the French

on the Ohio-Battle near Great Meadows, and

death of Jumonville-Chiefs met with by

Washington-Shingis-Monacatoocha-Half-

king-Juskakaka-White-thunder - Alliquipa

-Capt. Jacobs-Hendrick-His history-Cu-

rious anecdote of Logan-Cresap's war-Bat-

tle of Point Pleasant-Logan's famous speech

-Cornstalk-His history-Red-hawk-Ellinip-
sico-The barbarous murder of these three-
Melancholy death of Logan-Pontiac-A re-
nowned warrior-Colonel Roger's account of
him-His policy-Fall of Michilimakinak-Me-
nehwehna-Siege of Detroit-Pontiac's strata-
gem to surprise it-Is discovered-Official ac-
count of the affair at Bloody Bridge-Pontiac
abandons the siege-Becomes the friend of the
English-Is assassinated,..
...530

CHAP. VII. Tecumseh-His great exertions to
prevent the whites from overrunning his coun-
try-His expedition on Hacker's Creek-Co-
operation of his brother, the Prophet-Rise of
the difficulties between Tecumseh and Gover-
nor Harrison-Speech of the former in a coun-
cil at Vincennes-Fearful occurrence in that
council-Winnemak-Tecumseh visited by
Governor Harrison at his camp-Determination
of war the result of the interview on both sides

-Characteristic anecdote of the chief-Deter-

mines, in the event of war, to prevent barbar-

ities Battle of Tippecanoe-Battle of the

Thames, and death of Tecumseh-Description

of his person-Important events in his life-

Pukeesheno, father of Tecumseh-His death-

Battle of Magaugo-Specimen of the Shawanee

language-Particular account of Ellskwatawa,

or the Prophet-Account of Round-head-Cap-

ture and massacre of General Winchester's

army at the River Raisin-Mycerah, or the

Crane, commonly called Walk-in-the-Water-

Black-bird-Wawnahton- Black-thunder

Ongpatonga,.

...616

CHAP. VIII. Black-hawk's war-Historical ac-

count of the tribes engaged in it-Treaty be-

tween them-Murders among the Sioux and

Chippewas Red-bird-Black-hawk Indians

insulted-Their country sold without their con-

sent-This occasions the war,..... .....637

CHAP. IV. Capt. Pipe-Situation of affairs on

the frontiers at the period of the revolution-

Sad condition of the Moravian Indians at this

period-Half-king engages to take them to Can-

ada-His speech to them-They remonstrate-

Half-king inclines not to molest them, but Capt.

Pipe's counsel prevails, and they are seized-

Pipe's conduct thereupon-Missionaries taken

to Detroit and examined-Pipe goes to accuse

them-Changes his conduct towards them, and

they are acquitted-Remarkable deliverance-

Captain White-eyes opposes the conduct of

Pipe-His speech to his people-Colonel Broad-

head's expedition-Brutal massacre of a chief-

Gelelemend-Buokongahelas-Reproves the

murder of Major Trueman and others-In the

battle of Presq'Isle-His death-His intre-

pidity-Further particulars of Captain Pipe-

His famous speech-Expedition and defeat of

Colonel Crawford, who is burnt at the stake-

Chik tommo-King-crane - Little-turtle-De-CHAP. IX. March of Major Stillman-Kills
feats General St. Clair's army-Incidents in that
affair-Little-turtle's opinion of General Wayne
-Visits Philadelphia-His interview with C.
F. Volney-Anecdotes-Blue-jacket-Defeated
by Gen. Wayne in the battle of Presq'Isle,..554

CHAP. V. Life of Thayandaneca, called by the

whites Brant-His education-Visits England

-Commissioned there-His sister a companion

to Sir Wm. Johnson-His letter to the Oneidas

-Affair with Herkimer at Unadilla-Cuts off

Herkimer and 200 men at Oriskana-Anecdote

of Herkimer-Burns Springfield-Horrid affair

of Wyoming-Incidents-Destroys Cherry Val-

ley-Barbarities of the tories-Sullivan's dep-

relations among the Five Nations-Brant de-

feated by the Americans at Newtown-De-

struction of Minisink, and slaughter of 100 peo-

ple-Destruction of Harpersfield-Brant's letter

to M'Causland-Marriage of his daughter-Her

husband killed-Brant becomes the friend of

some of Black-hawk's men-Stillman's defeat
-Menomonies join the whites-Settlement de-
stroyed-Captivity of two young women-Con-
gress orders out troops-Indians cut off by Gen-
eral Dodge-Snider's defeat-Stevenson's de-

feat-Defeat of Major Dement-Battle of the

Ouisconsin-Battle of the 2d of August, and end

of the war,...
..644

CHAP. X. History of the chiefs under Black-

hawk-Nenpope-Surrender of Black-hawk-

Wabokieskie-Indians at Washington,.....654

CHAP. XI. Observations on the causes of the

war-Indians visit the Atlantic States,.....661

CHAP. XII. From the time Black-hawk was set

at liberty in his own country, in 1833, to his

death, on October 3d, 1838, with other impor

tant matters connected with the Indians in the

west,
....672

CHAP. XIII. Some further particulars of early

events on the borders of Pennsylvania,.....678

CHAP. XIV. Early western history-Incidents

of battles-Skirmishes and defeats,. ..689

CHAP. XV. Events of the Indian war of 1763

and 1764, on the Ohio,.

peace-Visits Philadelphia-His marriage-

Lands granted him by the king-His death-His

son John-Traits of character-One of his sons

killed by him, in an attempt to kill his father-

Account of Brant's arrival in England-Some
account of his children,...
...577

CHAP. VI. Facts in the history of the Seneca APPENDIX,

nation-Sagoyewatha, or Red-jacket-His fa- INDEX,.....................................

...689

.....697-716

.......717-736

AN

ALPHABETICAL ENUMERATION

OF

THE INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

An attempt is made, in the following Table, to locate the various bands of Aborigines, ancient and modern, and to convey the best information respecting their numbers our multifarious sources will warrant. Modern writers have been, for several years, endeavoring to divide North America into certain districts, each of which should include all the Indians speaking the same, or dialects of the same, language; but whoever has paid any attention to the subject, must undoubtedly have been convinced that it can never be done with any degree of accuracy. This has been undertaken in reference to an approximation of the great question of the origin of this people, from a comparison of the various languages used among them. An unwritten language is easily varied, and there can be no barrier to innovation. A continual intermixing of tribes has gone on from the period of their origin to the present time, judging from what we have daily seen; and when any two tribes unite, speaking different languages, or dialects of the same, a new dialect is produced by such amalgamation. Hence the accumulation of vocabularies would be like the pursuit of an infinite series in mathematics; with this difference, however-in the one we recede from the object in pursuit, while in the other we approach it. But I would not be understood to speak disparagingly of this attempt at classification; for, if it be unimportant in the main design, it will be of considerable service to the student in Indian history on other accounts. Thus, the Uchees are said to speak a primitive language, and they were districted in a small territory south of the Cherokees; but, some 200 years ago, - if they then existed as a tribe, and their tradition be true, they were bounded on the north by one of the great lakes. And they are said to be descended from the Shawanees by some of themselves. We know an important community of them is still in existence in Florida. Have they created a new language in the course of their wanderings? or have those from whom they separated done so? Such are the difficulties we meet with at every step of a classification. But a dissertation upon these matters cannot now be attempted.

In the following analysis, the names of the tribes have been generally given in the singular number, for the sake of brevity; and the word Indians, after such names, is omitted from the same cause. Few abbreviations have been used: -W. R., west of the Rocky Mountains; m., miles; r., river; 1., lake; and perhaps a few others. In some instances, reference is made to the body of the work, where a more extended account of a tribe is to be found. Such references are to the Book and Page, the same as in the Index.

ABEKAS, probably Muskogees, under the French at Tombeckbee in 1750.
ABENAKIES, over Maine till 1754, then went to Canada; 200 in 1689; 150 in 1780.
ABSOROKA, (Minetare,) S. branch Yellowstone; lat. 46°, lon. 105; 45,000 in 1834.
ACCOKESAW, W. side Colorado, about 200 m. S. W. Nacogdoches, in 1805.

ACOMAK, one of the six tribes in Virginia when settled by the English in 1607.
ADAIZE, 4 m. from Nachitoches, on Lake Macdon; 40 men in 1895.

ADIRONDAKS, (Algonkin,) along the N. shore St. Lawrence; 100 in 1786.

10

INDIAN TRIBES AND NATIONS.

AFFAGOULA, Small clan in 1783, on Mississippi r., 8 m. above Point Coupé.
AGAWOM, (Wampanoags,) at Sandwich, Mass.; others at Ipswich, in 1620, &c.
AHWAHAWAY, (Minetare,) S. W. Missouri 1820, 3 m. above Mandans; 200 in 1805.
AJOUES, S. of the Missouri, and N. of the Padoucas; 1,100 in 1760.
ALANSAR, (Fall,) head branches S. fork Saskashawan; 2,500 in 1804.
ALGONKIN, over Canada; from low down the St. Lawrence to Lake of the Woods.
ALIATAN, three tribes in 1805 among the Rocky Mountains, on heads Platte.
ALICHE, near Nacogdoches in 1805, then nearly extinct; spoke Caddo.
ALLAKAWEAH, (Paunch,) both sides Yellowstone, heads Big Horn r.; 2,300 in 1805.
ALLIBAMA, (Creeks,) formerly on that r., but removed to Red River in 1764.
AMALISTES, (Algonkins,) once on St. Lawrence; 500 in 1760.

ANASAGUNTAKOOK, (Abenaki,) on sources Androscoggin, in Maine, till 1750.
ANDASTES, once on S. shore Lake Erie, S. W. Senecas, who destroyed them in 1672.
APACHES, (Lapane,) between Rio del Norte and sources of Nuaces r. ; 3,500 in 1817.
APALACHICOLA, once on that r. in W. Florida; removed to Red River in 1764.
APPALOUSA, aboriginal in the country of their name; but 40 men in 1805.
AQUANUSCHIONI, the name by which the Iroquois knew themselves.
ARAPAHAS, S. side main Canada River; 4,000 in 1836, on Kanzas River.
ARMOUCHIQUOIS, or MARACHITE, (Abenaki,) on River St. John, New Brunswick.
ARREN AMUSE, on St. Antonio River, near its mouth, in Texas; 120 in 1818.

ASSINNABOIN, (Sioux,) between Assinn. and Missouri r.; 1,000 on Ottawa r. in 1836.
ATENAS, in a village with the Faculli in 1836, west of the Rocky Mountains.
ATHAPASCOW, about the shores of the great lake of their name.

ATNAS, (Ojibewas,) next S. of the Athapascow, about lat. 57° N., in 1790.
ATTACAPAS, in a district of their name in Louisiana; but 50 men in 1805.

ATTAPULGAS, (Seminoles,) on Little r., a branch of Oloklikana, 1820, and 220 souls.
ATTIKAMIGUES, in N. of Canada, destroyed by pestilence in 1670.

AUCOSISCO, (Abenaki,) between the Saco and Androscoggin River in 1630, &c.
AUGHQUAGA, on E. branch Susquehannah River; 150 in 1768; since extinct.
AYAUAIS, 40 leagues up the Des Moines, S. E. side; 800 in 1805.
AYUTANS, 8,000 in 1820, S. W. the Missouri, near the Rocky Mountains.

BAYAGOULA, W. bank Mississippi, opposite the Colipasa; important in 1699.
BEDIES, on Trinity River, La., about 60 m. S. of Nacogdoches; 100 in 1805.
BIG-DEVILS, (Yonktons,) 2,500 in 1836; about the heads of Red River.

BILOXI, at Biloxi, Gulf Mex., 1699; a few on Red r., 1804, where they had removed.
BLACKFEET, Sources Missouri; 30,000 in 1834; nearly destroyed by small-pox, 1838.
BLANCHE, (Bearded, or White,) upper S. branches of the Missouri in 1820.
BLUE-MUD, W., and in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains in 1820.
BROTHERTON, near Oneida Lake; composed of various tribes; 350 in 1836.

CADDO, on Red River in 1717, powerful; on Sodo Bay in 1800; in 1804, 100 men.
CADODACHE, (Nacogdochet,) on Angelina r., 100 m. above the Nechez; 60 in 1820.
CAIWAS, or KAIWA, on main Canada River, and S. of it in 1830.

CALASTHOCLE, N. Columbia, on the Pacific, next N. the Chillates; 200 in 1820.
CALLIMIX, coast of the Pacific, 40 m. N. Columbia River; 1,200 in 1820.
CAMANCHES, (Shoshone,) warlike and numerous; in interior of Texas.
CANARSEE, on Long Island, N. Y., in 1610, from the W. end to Jamaica.

CANCES, (Kansas,) 1805, from Bay of St. Bernard, over Grand r., toward Vera Cruz.
CANIBAS, (Abenaki,) numerous in 1607, and after; on both sides Kennebeck River.
CARANKOUA, on peninsula of Bay of St. Bernard, Louisiana; 1,500 in 1805.
CAREE, on the coast between the Nuaces and Rio del Norte; 2,600 in 1817.
CARRIERS, (Nateotetains,) a name given the natives of N. Caledonia by traders.
CASTAHANA, between sources Padouca fork and Yellowstone; 5,000 in 1805.
CATAKA, between N. and S. forks of Chien River; about 3,000 in 1804.
CATAWBA, till late, on their river in S. Carolina; 1,500 in 1743, and 450 in 1764.
CATHLACUMUPS, on main shore Columbia River, S. W. Wappatoo i.; 450 in 1820.
CATHLAKAHIKIT, at the rapids of the Columbia, 160 m. up; 900 in 1820.
CATHLAKAMAPS, 80 m. up Columbia River; about 700 in 1820.

CATHLAMAT, on the Pacific, 30 m. S. mouth of Columbia River; 600 in 1820.
CATHLANAMENAMEN, on an island in mouth of Wallaumut River; 400 in 1820.
CATHLANAQUIAH, (Wappatoo,) S. W. side Wappatoo Island; 400 in 1820.
CATHLAPOOTLE, on Columbia River, opposite the Cathlakamaps; 1,100 in 1820.
CATHLAPOOYA, 500 in 1820, on the Wallaumut River, 60 m. from its mouth.
CATHLASKO, 900 in 1820, on Columbia River, opposite the Chippanchikchiks.
CATHLATHLA, 900 in 1820, on Columbia River, opposite the Cathlakahikits.
CATHLATH, 500 in 1820, on the Wallaumut River, 60 m. from its mouth.
CATTANAHAW, between the Saskashawan and Missouri Rivers, in 1805.
CAUGHNEWAGA, places where Christians lived were so called.
CHACTOO, on Red River; in 1805, but 100; indigenous; always lived there.
CHAOUANONS, the French so called the Shawanese; (Chowans ?)

CHEEGEE, (Cherokees,) 50 to 80 m. S. of them; called also Mid. Settlement, 1780.
CHEHAWS, small tribe on Flint River, destroyed by Georgia militia in 1817.
CHEPEYAN, claim from lat. 60° to 65°, lon. 100° to 110° W.; 7,500 in 1812.
CHEROKEE, in Georgia, S. Carolina, &c., till 1836; then forced beyond the Mississ.

CHESKITALOWA, (Seminoles,) 580 in 1820, W. side Chattahoochee.
CHIEN, (Dog,) near the sources Chien River; 300 in 1805; 200 in 1820.
CHIHEELEESH, 40 m. N. of Columbia River; 1,400 in 1820.

CHICKASAW, between heads of Mobile River in 1780; once 10,000; now in Arkansas.
CHIPPANCHIKCHIKS, 60 in 1820, N. side Columbia River, 220 m. from its mouth.
CHIKAHOMINI, on Matapony River, Va., in 1661; but 3 or 4 in 1790; now extinct.
CHIKAMAUGAS, on Tennessee River, 90 m. below the Cherokees, in 1790.
CHILLATES, 150 in 1820, on the Pacific, N. Columbia River, beyond the Quieetsos.
CHILLUKITTEQUAU, on the Columbia, next below the Narrows; 1,400 in 1820.
CHILTZ, N. of Columbia River, on the Pacific, next N. of the Killaxthocles.
CHIMNAHPUM, on Lewis River, N. W. side of the Columbia; 1,800 in 1820.
CHINNOOK, on N. side Columbia River; in 1820, about 400 in 28 lodges.
CHIPPEWAS, about Lake Superior, and other vast regions of the N., very numerous.
CHITIMICHA, on W. bank Miss. River in 1722; once powerful, then slaves.
CHOKTAW, S. of the Creeks; 15,000 in 1812; in 1848 in Arkansas.

CHOPUNNISH, on Kooskooskee River; 4,300 in 1806, in 73 lodges.

CHOWANOK, (Shawanese ?) in N. Carolina, on Bennet's Creek, in 1708; 3,000 in 1630.
CHOWANS, E. of the Tuscaroras in N. Carolina; 60 join the Tuscaroras in 1720.
CHRISTENAUX, only another spelling of KNISTENAUX, which see.
CLAHCLELLAH, 700 in 1820, on the Columbia River, below the rapids.
CLAKSTAR, W. R., on a river flowing into the Columbia at Wappatoo Island.
CLAMOCTOMICH, on the Pacific, next N. of the Chiltz; 260 in 1820.
CLANIMATAS, on the S. W. side of Wappatoo Island; 200 in 1820, W. R.
CLANNARMINIMUNS, S. W. side of Wappatoo Island; 280 in 1820, W. R.
CLATSOPS, about 2 m. N. of the mouth of Columbia River; 1,300 in 1820.
CLARKAMES, on a river of their name flowing into the Wallaumut; 1,800 in 1820.
CNEIS, on a river flowing into Sabine Lake, 1690; the COENIS of Hennepin, probably.
COHAKIES, nearly destroyed in Pontiak's time; in 1800, a few near Lake Winnebago.
COLAPISSAS, on E. bank Mississippi in 1720, opposite head of Lake Pontchartrain."
CONCHATTAS came to Appalousas in 1794, from E. the Mississ.; in 1801, on Sabine.
CONGAREES, a small tribe on Congaree River, S. Carolina, in 1701; long since gone.
CONOYS, perhaps Kanhawas, being once on that river; (Canais, and variations.)
COOKKOO-OOSE, 1,500 in 1806, coast of Pacific, S. of Columbia r., and S. of Killawats.
COOPSPELLAR, on a river falling into the Columbia, N. of Clark's; 1,600 in 1806.
CoOSADAS, (Creeks,) once resided near the River Tallapoosie.

COPPER, so called from their copper ornaments, on Coppermine River, in the north.
COREES, (Tuscaroras,) on Neus River, N. Carolina, in 1700, and subsequently.
CORONKAWA, on St. Jacintho River, between Trinity and Brazos; 350 in 1820.
COWLITSICK, on Columbia River, 62 m. from its mouth, in 3 villages; 2,400 in 1820.
CREEKS, (Muscogees,) Savannah r. to St. Augustine, thence to Flint r., 1730.
CREES, (Lynx, or Cat,) another name of the Knistenaux, or a part of them.
CROWS, (Absorokas,) S. branches of the Yellowstone River; 45,000 in 1834.
CUTSAHNIM, on both sides Columbia River, above the Sokulks; 1,200 in 1820.

DAHCOTA, or DocOTA, the name by which the Sioux know themselves.

DELAWARE, (Lenna-lenape,) those once on Delaware River and Bay; 500 in 1750.
DINONDADIES, (Hurons,) same called by the French Tionontaties.
DOEGS, small tribe on the Maryland side Potomac River, in 1675.

DOGRIES, (Blackfeet,) but speak a different language.

Dogs, the Chiens of the French. See CHIEN.

DOTAME, 120 in 1805; about the heads of Chien River, in the open country.

EAMUSES. See EMUSAS.

ECHEMINS, (Canoe-men,) on R. St. Johns; include Passamaquoddies and St. Johns.
EDISTOES, in S. Carolina in 1670; a place still bears their name there.

EMUSAS, (Seminoles,) W. side Chattahoochee, 2 m. above the Wekisas; 20 in 1820.
ENESHURES, at the great Narrows of the Columbia; 1,200 in 1820, in 41 lodges.
ERIES, along E. side of Lake Erie, destroyed by the Iroquois about 1654.
ESAWS, on River Pedee, S. Carolina, in 1701; then powerful; Catawbas, probably.
ESKELOOTS, about 1,000 in 1820, in 21 lodges, or clans, on the Columbia.
ESQUIMAUX, all along the northern coasts of the frozen ocean, N. of 600 N. lat.
ETOHUSSEWAKKES, (Šemin.,) on Chattahoochee, 3 m. above Ft. Gaines; 100 in 1820.
FACULLIES, 100 in 1820; on Stuart Lake, W. Rocky Mount.; lat. 54°, lon. 1250 W.
FALL, SO called from their residence at the falls of the Kooskooskee. See ALANSARS.
FIVE NATIONS, Mohawks, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, and Oneidas; which see.
FLAT-HEADS, (Tutseewas,) on a large river W. R.; on S. fork Columbia r.
FOLLES AVOINES, the French so called the Menominies.

FOND DU LAC, roam from Snake River to the Sandy Lakes.

FOWL-TOWNS, (Seminoles,) 12 m. E. Fort Scott; about 300 in 1820.

FOXES, (Ottagamies,) called Renards by the French; dispossessed by B. Hawk's war

GANAWESE, on the heads of Potomac River; same as Kanhaways, probably.
GAYHEAD, Martha's Vineyard; 200 in 1800; in 1820, 340.

GRAND RIVER, on Grand r., N. side L. Ontario; Mohawks, Senecas, and oth.; 2,000.