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King of Umhall 5 horses, 5 ships, 5 swords, and 5 corselets; to the King of Dealbhna 6 shields, 6 swords, 6 horses, 6 cloaks, and 5 cups; to the King of Conmhaicne 4 cloaks, 4 swords, 4 slaves, 4 women, 4 corselets, 2 mantles, and 2 pair of tables (fithil), 10 cups, and 10 horses; to the King of I Maine 7 robes, 7 cloaks, 7 horses, 7 greyhounds; to the King of Luigne 10 horses, 10 robes, 10 cups, and 10 greyhounds; to the King of I Briuin 5 horses, 5 mantles, 5 swords, 5 corselets, 10 cups, 10 slaves, and ten pair of tables; to the King of North I Fiachrach 3 cups, 3 swords, 3 horses, 10 rings, and 10 pair of tables; to the Prince of Cineal-n-Aodha 7 slaves, 7 women (mna daera), 7 cups, 7 swords, and 7 greyhounds; to the Prince of Partraighe 3 cloaks, 3 cups, and 3 horses. Thus the tributes and gifts of the kings and chieftains of Connaught are settled.”

4 spears.

"The King of Cruachan is obliged to give the monarch of Ireland, at his feast, 40 keeves (dabach) full of liquors, with other necessaries; and not to go unattended to invite him. He is obliged to have, in return, from the monarch, at Tara, 40 cows, 200 horses, 4 rings, 4 cups gilt with gold, all to be left at his habitation at Cruachan. And, as an additional gift, 4 red shields, 4 helmets of the same color, 4 corselets, and He is obliged to keep Cruachan inhabited, and not to leave it to go westward more than three times in one year. The King of Cruachan (O'Conor) is obliged to give the King of Imanie (O'Kelly) 4 shields, 20 cows, 20 horses, and clothing for 200 men; to the King of I Fiaghragh (O'Dowda) 4 ships, 10 women, 20 slaves, and 3 cups; to the King of Tuath 20 beeves, 20 hogs, and 20 tuns well filled; to the King of Luignie 4 shields, 4 robes with gold borders, and 4 ships. He (O'Conor) is no further liable to his tributaries, and they are all obliged to accompany him to Tara.” The foregoing extracts from the "Book of Rights" are here introduced as a curious elucidation of part of our provincial history. It must, however, be confessed, that they cannot be considered so perfect as might be wished, owing to the difficulty of obtaining a copy of that ancient book, which could be relied on. transcripts of it are extant, but they differ so much from each other, particularly in the enumeration of the various articles of cios, or tribute, that it is not easy to determine which is genuine. For an instance of this see the "Rights and tributes paid at Cruachan" (Cios Ri Connacht) given in Rerum Hib. Scriptor. vol. i. proleg. 2. P. 90, from an ancient manuscript at Stowe, which will be found to vary from our original. A corrected copy, therefore, of the Book of Rights, published with the various 'readings, would be a useful addition to Irish literature.

Fifth, or

Several

When the Anglo-Normans landed in Ireland in the twelfth century, the Cuigeadh, Province, of Connaught, was inhabited by several tribes or families of Milesian descent; whose chieftains, and the territories which they ruled, have been recorded by one of the most learned of our antiquaries, Shane Mor O'Dugan, in a topographical

poem

poem still extant. This valuable piece, like most of the other evidences of Irish history, still remains unpublished. A small part, consisting merely of the prose prefaces to the descriptions of the several provinces, has been translated by the learned author of Cambrensis Eversus, and inserted in that work, see p. 25. The portion relating to Connaught is here printed from a valuable copy of the original, in the handwriting of Cucoigcriche O'Clery, one of the Four Masters, preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy. The publication of the entire, which extends to the whole of Ireland, will, it is hoped, be achieved by the Irish Archæological Society.

"Cuid Chonacht ind so coleicc.

"O'Conchobain Airdrí Conacht. O'Flanagain, O’Maoil Mórda, O'Capταις, ταίρι raig, agus O'Mugroin ceiżne taoírig cloinne Carail; O'Maoilbrenáinn ap cloinn Chonchubain; O'Caraláin ar cloinn Fażartaiġ; agus O’Maonaig ar cloinn Murżuile; agus Mag Oireachvaig ar muintir Roduib; O'Finachta ap ταις cloinn Conmaig; agus O'Finachta eile ap cloinn Murchada; agus O'Connceanamno ap Uib Diarmatu; agus Mag Murchad ar cloinn Tomolraig; O'Fallamain ap cloinn Uadach; Mac Dianmoda ar tír n-Oilealla, agus ar tír Tuażail, agus ar críċ Fear Tire, agus ap cloind Chuain, agus ar típ Neachtainn, agus ap tír n-Enda.

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"In the Portion of Connaught.

"O'Conor supreme King of Connaught. O'Flannagan, O'Maoil-Mordha, O'Carthy, and O'Mughroin (Moran), the four chiefs of Clan-Cathail; O'Maoil-Breanainn (Mulrenin) chief of Clan-Connor; O'Cahalan of Clan-Fagharta (Faherty); O'Maonaigh (Mooney) of Clan-Murthuile; Mac Oireachty (Geraghty) of Muintir-Roduibh, O'Finachty of Clan-Conmaigh (Clanconoo); another O'Finachty of Clan-Murchadha; O'Conceanainn (Concannon) of Hy-Diarmada; Mac Murchadh of Clan-Tomultach; O'Fallamhain (O'Fallon) of Clan-Uadach; Mac Diarmada of Tir-Oilleall (Tirerrill); Tir-Tuathail (Tirooil) the country of Feartire, Clan-Chuain, Tir Neachtain, and Tir-n-Enda.

"In the Portion of Breifny.

"O'Ruairc (Rourke) supreme King of Breifny. Mac Tighearnan (Tiernan) chief of Teallach Dunchada (Tullyhunco in Cavan); Mac Samhradain (Mac Gauran) of Teallach-n-Eachach; Mac Consnamha (Mac a Naw, now Forde) of Clan-Cionaoth (Clan Kenny); Mac Agadain (Mac Keegan) of Clan-Fearmaighe (Glanfarne);

Mac

aill ar Challpoije; O'Rajallaig ar muintir Maoil Mhóróa; O'Cuind ar muintir n-Giollagáin; agus Mag Maoil lora ar maig m-Ŏreacraige; agus Mac Fionnbáirrar muintir n-Geradáin; agur Mag Ragnaill ap muintir n-Coluis; agus O'Maoilmiadaig ap Moigneise; asur Ui Cuinn ar muíntip FeapFail; O'Maolcliniche ar da Chairbre; 01h-Eaōra agus O'h-Uathmapáin, agus O'Ceɑrnacháin, agus O'Gadhra tigearnaba Zuigne; O'Dobelein agus O'Duinncarhais; tigeasnada an Chorainn; Maz Eocha agus Mag Maonaig, agus Mɑgriabaig tri sean taoisig Muige Tuisgiadside; O'Dubda, tiġearna 06-Fianach an Tuaiscirt, O'Rodba co Codnaiz; O'Muireadhaig, O'Gopmóg agus O'Tigeannaig an Cheana; O'birn ar ṁuíntir Mhandacháin; Mac branain agus O'Maoil-Micil ap Chorcalachlann; O'h-Ainlige ap cenel Dobthai O'Ceareannaig agus O'Céinin an Chiapraize muise; O'Maolmuano an clainn Taidg; agus O'Floinn ar clainn Maoil chaille O'Rozláin puain; fothaig; Mac Scaizgil ap

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Mac Dorchey (Darcy) of Cineal-Luachain (at the foot of Slieve an Ierin); Mac Flanchy (Clancy) of the Dartry; O'Finn and O'Carroll of the Callraighe (Calry); O'Reilly of Muintir-Maoilmordha; O'Quinn of Muintir-Gilligan (in Longford); Mac Maoiliosa of Moy Breacraighe; Mac Finbar of Muintir-Geradan; Mac Raghnaill (Reynolds) of Muintir Eoluis; O’Mael-Miadhaigh (O'Mulvey) of Moyneise (in Leitrim); O'Quinn of Muintir-Ferrall; O'Mul-Cluiche (Stone) of the two Carbries; O'Headhra (O'Hara), O'Huamarain, O'Cearnachan, and O'Gara, lords of Luighne (Leyny); O'Dobhelein (Develin) and O'Duncathy, lords of Coran; Mac Keogh, Mac Meany; and Mac Riavy (Mac Creevy), the three ancient chieftains of Moylurg; O'Dubhda (O'Dowda), lord of North Hy-Fiachrach from (the River) Roba (in Mayo) to Codnaigh (at Drumcliff in Sligo); O'Muireadhaigh (O'Murray), O'Gormog, and O'Tighearny (O' Tierny), chiefs of Ceara (Carra barony); O'Beirn, chief of Muinter Manachain; Mac Branain and O'Maol-Michil (Mulville, Melville, Mulvihil, Mitchell), chiefs of Corca-Eachlann; O'Hanly of Cineal-Dobhtha; O'Kearney and O'Kerin of Kerry of the

Chopcomoġa; agus O'braoin ar loch

11-geal gora; O'Máille ap da Umall; Plain; O'Molloy of Clan-Teige; O'Flinn O'Tale haráin ap Chonmaicne cuile; azur O'Caòla ap Conmaicne mapa;

of Clan-Mulruain; O'Rothlain (Rowly) of Caill Fothaigh; Mac Sgaithghil (Skahill)

Mac Conroi ar Gno móir agus O'Hao- of Corcomogha (Corcomoe); O'Broin of

παιό απ

cloinn

no m-bicc; Mac Aoda ar Cosgraïde; O'Flaiżbeartaig ar Murchada; O'Heidin agus

muintir

Mac 1olla Ceallaig agus h-Ui Cle

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ub Fiachrach Finn; agus

Lochgealgosa; O'Maille of the two Umhalls (Owles); O'Talcarain of Conmaicne-Cuile (Kilmaine barony); O'Cadhla (O'Kealy) of Conmaicne-mara; Mac Conry of Gnomore, O'Adhnaidh (O'Heiney) of Gnobeg;

O'DuBgiolla ar cenél chind Ghamna; Mac Aodh (Hughes) of Clan-Cosgraighe;

IRISH ARCH. SOC. 15.

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O'Flaherty

agus Mac Fiachra ar ogaib Beathna; agus O’Cażáin ar chenel Sedna; agus O'Maġnaar Chaenpide; O’Seachnaráig agus O'Cażáil, da tiġearna ceneóil Ɑeda.

"Cuid ua Maine.

"O'Ceallaig aird-żiġearna O’Máine. O'Conaill ar Tiġearna ó Ghréin co Ceand muige; O'Neachtain agus O'Maoilaloió, da ziġeapna Maonṁuige; O'Maindin, agus clann an Bháird, agus O'Sccurra, agus O'leandáin, agus O'Carain, agus O’Giallain, agus O'Maigín, gipé haca bus tigearna as oríg é for an lucż naile re head a ríġe; O'Carail, O'Mugroin, agus O’Maolruana trí tiġearnaibe Crumzaind; O'Zaodóg uirrig an Chalaid; O'Maπαδάκη ap ríol n-Anmchada; agus O'h-Uallacháin beos; agus Mac Eideadain ar cloind Diarmata tuaid agus teas; agus Mac Giolla Finnagáin agur O'Chionaoi, ar cloinn Flaizeaṁain; agus O'Domnalláin ar cloinn Ŏrearail; agus O'Donnchadha ap chloind Choppmaic Maonmuige; agus O'Duibġind ar da baile x on Duibgind; agus O’Docomlain ar an Eidnig; agus O'Gabrain an Dhal n-Opuiżne; agus O'Maoilbrigde Taoiseac Muige Finn."

O'Flaherty of Muintir Murchadha ; O'Heidhin (O'Heyne, now Hynes), Mac Kilkelly, and O'Clery of Hy-FiachraFinn; O'Duibgioll (Dowell) of Cineal Kingamhna; Mac Fiachry of Oga Beathra ; O'Cathain (Kane) of Cinel-Seadny; O'Maghna of Kaenry; O'Shaughnessy and O'Cahill, the two lords of Cineal-Aodha.

"In the Portion of Hy-Maine.

"O'Kelly supreme lord. O'Conaill lord of the territory from Grein to CeannMuighe (head of the plain); O'Neachtain and O'Maoilaloidh (O'Mullally), the two lords of Maenmoy; O'Mainnin, Clan-anBhaird (Ward), O'Scurra, O'Leannain, O'Cassan, O'Giallain, and O'Maigin, whichever of these seven happened to be lord, was chieftain over the other tribes during his supremacy; O'Cahill, O'Mugroin, and O'Mulroney, three lords of Crumthann (Cruffan); O'Laodog lord of the Caladh O'Madadhain (O'Madden), chief of SiolAnmcha; O'Huallachain (Cuolaghan); Mac Eideadhain, chief of Clan-Dermot North and South; Mac Gilla-Finagan and O'Cinaoith (O'Kenny), chiefs of ClanFlathamain; O'Donnellan, chief of ClanBreasail; O'Donchadha of Clan-Cormac of Maonmoy; O'Dugan of the twelve townlands of O'Dugan; O'Docomhlan of the Eidnigh; O'Gawran of Dal Druithne; and O'Maol-Bride, chief of Moy-finn."

See Appendix I. for the chief inhabitants of Connaught, and their possessions, towards the close of the sixteenth century, when the Irish tenures ceased, and the principal lords surrendered to Queen Elizabeth.

NOTE

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The plains of Magh Seola, which form the present barony of Clare in the County of Galway, were the inheritance of the O'Flaherties and their ancestors, for upwards of 800 years antecedent to the thirteenth century. This district is frequently mentioned in our annals, and other old writings. The Four Masters commence their celebrated work by stating, that the "antediluvian nymph" Ceasoir died at Cuil Cesra in Connaught, and that she was interred at Carn Cesra. In our author's Ogyg. p.162, it appears that Cnoc Meadha Siuil, a well-known hill, now called Knockmaa, near Tuam, in this barony of Clare, was supposed to be, "fertur fuisse," Carn Cesra; and that Cuil Cesra was near it: and to this day, an ancient carn, or monumental pile of may be seen on the summit of that hill. In this district was fought, in the third century, the famous battle of Magh Mucruimhe, on a plain lying immediately to the west of the town of Athenry; in which battle Art, King of Ireland, was killed. The spot where he fell is still shewn, and is called Turloch Airt. See ante, p. 43, note. Our author, in Ogyg. p. 329, points to it as situate "inter Moyvoelam et Kilcornan." The old castle of Moyvoela is still standing, and to the south of it lies Turloch Airt. It has been observed, that many less remarkable places have been distinguished by

stones,

monuments in other countries.

Not long after this occurrence, the territory or plains of Moy-Seola appear noticed as the scene of some of the apostolic labours of St. Patrick. An old unpublished history of Ireland, preserved in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, informs us, “that St. Patrick arrived in Connaught in A. D. 434, and making towards the twenty-four sons of Brian," see ante, p. 127, "Echean, the eldest of them, mounting his horse, set spurs to him, and advised the rest of his brethren to do the same, and not to countenance the blessed clergyman; which they all did, save only Duach Galach, the youngest, who, staying on foot, courteously saluted St. Patrick, and tendered him respect and obedience. The holy man went still after Echean, and having overtaken him, asked if he were the man, which he denied; but St. Patrick, notwithstanding, cursed him, saying: 'if you be Echean, I deprive both you and all your

about

me, for

you of all royalty and felicity, except him only who honoured and cherished Lord Jesus Christ his sake.' Then Duach Galach replyed, that if he was

my

the eldest

saying,

son he would have farther pleased the holy man. St. Patrick blessed him you and your posterity shall be kings over your brethren." And so it came to pass, for the future kings of Connaught, and the O'Flaherties of Iar-Connaught, and several other great families, were descended from this Duach. The story is, however, variously told; for which see Ogyg. P. 375; the Pedigree of the Hy-Briuin Aoi, by Duald Mac Firbis; and the Tripartite Life, Trias Thaum. p. 203; and part ii. ch. 52. But St. Patrick afterwards blessed the sons of Brian, "suaque sacra benedictione mu

U 2

nivit

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