Act, the first township, of Massachu- |
setts, 58.
Adams, Henry, on the origin of pri-
vate jurisdictions, 26, note 2; on
the origin of the shire and hun-
dred, 301, note 3.

Adams, Herbert B., on the Germanic
origin of New England towns, 50,
note 1; on commoners and non-
commoners, 58, note 7; on the
hog-reeve, 92, note 3.
Adams, Samuel, in Boston town-
meeting, 74.

Adelphia, first name of Marietta, 411.
Adfathamire, 260 and note 3.
Administration, of estates, in Massa-
chusetts, 331; New York, 362;
Pennsylvania, 371, 376; North-
west territory, 415; western states,
456.
Administrators, county, 456 and note

2.

Affeerer, to assess penalties in the

court leet, 29; in Maryland, 116.
Agnates, definition of, 3 and note 2.
Agriculture, common, 17-18; in Eng-
land, 20 and note 1; on the manor,
31; in French settlements of the
Northwest, 429 and note 3.
Aigikoreis, 5.

Alabama, township in, 234, note 2;
free schools, 237; county organi-
zation, 469.

Alarms, how sounded, 279, 349-50,
403.

Albemarle county, divided into pre-
cincts, 129.

Allen, W. F., on early German occu-
pation and settlement, 14, note;
attacks Seebohm's theory of the
English village community for the
early period, 19, note 5.
Alms-chest, to whom entrusted, 193.

Bell, Chas., his History of Chester,
51, note.

Bellman, the town, 83, 96.
Bemis, Edward W., on early laws of
Michigan, 154; on influence of
Gen. Cass, 155; on by-laws of wes-
tern township, 166.
Beverley, Robert, quoted on precari-
ous livings of ministry, 121-2.
Bibliographical notes, the chief mar-
ginal: the family as the social unit,
3, note 1; agnates, 3, note 2; abso-
lute power of house father, 4, note
1; patriarchal family, 5, note 1;
ancestor-worship, 6, note 2; occu-
pation of land in time of Tacitus,
13, notes 4 and 5; theories of early
German land-holding, 16-17, notes
2 and 3; mark system in England,
19, notes 3 and 5; common fields
in England, 20, note 1; tithing,
24-5, notes; manor, 25, note 2;
origin of private jurisdictions, 26,
note 2; court baron, 28, note 3;
court leet, 31, note 1; origin of the
parish, 32-4, notes; the New Eng-
land town, 50, note 1; parish, pre-
cinct, and district, 52, note 3; num-
ber of selectmen, 75, note 1; Dutch
colonies and village communities,
102, note 1; New York manors,
105, note 1; ordinance of 1785, 141,
note 2; ordinance of 1787, authori-
ties, 142, note 3, 410, note 2; ordi-
nance of 1787, text where found,
410, note 2; moderator of western
town-meeting, 163, note 2; western
township officers, 167, note 1; deri-
vation of assessor, 177, note 4;
carucage, 179, note 7; western
assessor, 188, note 6; care of the
poor in Saxon period, 192, note 3;
English poor laws, 194, note 2;
relief of the poor, cost of, 198, note
1; western overseer of the poor,
200, note 2; trinoda necessitas, 203,
note 1; western road officers, 210,
notes 4 and 5; Lammas meadows,
215, note 1; beating boys at boun-
dary marks, 217, note 1; western
fence viewers, 224, note 5; school
franchise of women, 237, note 5;
phratries, 241, note 2, 244, note 3;
common lands of the hundred, 255,
note 5; use of gau and pagus, 256,

note 4; rachineburgii, 259, notes 2
and 3; adfathamire, 260, note 3;
reipus, 260, note 4; scabini, 263,
note 2; old English hundred, 269,
note 3; hundred in Virginia, 274,
note 1; phulê, 290, note 1; early
Teutonic kingship, 295, note 3;
origin of the shire, 301, note 3;
Gauverfassung, 304, note 1; assem-
bly of Frankish hundred, 309, note
2; Massachusetts colonial courts,
338, note 1; taxes payable in kind,
wampum, and beaver, 344, notes;
Pennsylvania colonial county or-
ganization, 368, note 1; Virginia
colonial county organization, 388,
note 1; legislation of Northwest
territory, 409, note 2; first counties
in the west, 413, note 4; origin of
civil institutions in the Northwest
territory, 414, note 3; criminal
laws of the Northwest territory,
419-23, notes; land grants and
manors of Cadillac, 427-8, notes;
common fields in western French
settlements, 429, notes; Dejean and
the early courts at Detroit, 431-4,
notes; Charles Reaume, justice at
Green Bay, 435, note 2; board of
county commissioners in various
western states, 439, note 3; commis-
sioner districts, 440, note 1; meet-
ings,organization, and powers'of the
county board, 444-50, notes; register
of deeds, 452, note 10; clerk of dis-
trict or circuit court, 453, note 1; pro-
bate or county judge, 457, note 3.
Blackstone, William, on origin of
highway officer, 202, note 4; on
appointment of the same, 205.
Borowhead, 37, note 3.
Borsholder, 37, note 3.
Boston, chooses constables for de-
pendent towns, 55, note 4; national
importance of her town-meeting,
74; duties of her selectmen, 80-2;
ordinance of, regulating constable's
watch, 84-6; regulation of appren-
tices in, 86-7; number of officers,
99; origin of elective assessors,
186; overseers of the poor, origin,
195, note 2; perambulators, 220;
fence viewers, haywards, and cow
keepers, 221; long continuance of
town government, 229, note 3.

COW

keepers, and field drivers, 221.
Branders of cattle, in New England,
98.

Brett, Rev. Daniel, mentioned, 134.
Brewers, elected by the town, 97.
Bridges, local administration of, in
Massachusetts, 331, 463; Pennsyl-
vania, 371; Virginia, 394; South
Carolina, 469; western states, 210-
14, 446.

Brodhead, J. R., his History of New
York, cited, 358, note 3.
Brotherhood or ward, 241-52.
Brycgbot, 202.

Bryc-geweorc, 202, note 3.
Bull, the town, 95 and note 2.
Burgesses, in Virginia, 274 and
note 1, 393-4, 396; in Maryland,
275-7.

Burh, a more strictly organized town-
ship, 23.

Burial acts parish, 46.
Bydel, the town messenger, 21; sur-
vival of, 27, 39, 218.
By-laws, derivation of term, 21, note
3; of manorial courts, 28, 30; of
the parish, 203; New England
towns, 64, 66, 334-5; selectmen,
80, 81, 84-8; New York towns,
106, 110; early courts on the
Delaware, 369, 372; Virginia
county courts, 124; western town-
ship, 165-6.

| Cadillac, La Mothe, settles Detroit,
426; erects manors, 427-9.
Cæsar, on early German society, 12-
13, 296.

California, origin of the township in,
151-2, 157, note 2; county collector
of taxes, 454, note 1, 455, note 2;
county board of supervisors, 439,
note 3; county assessor, 454.
Cambridge, town-meeting of, enforces
right of pre-emption, 53; care of
poor in, 194.
Cannoneers, town, 98.
Carucage, 179 and note 7.
Cass, Gen. Lewis, influence of, on
local self-government in Michi-
gan, 154, note 3, 155, 436.
Cattle, town, 94 and note 2.
Cayugas, phratries of, 250.
Caziques, of Locke's charter, 114.
Centena or untergau, 257-63; organi-
zation of, according to Lex Salica,
258-61; centenarius or thunginus,
258; the mallus, derivation of
term, 258; rachineburgii, 259 and
note 2, 263; sacebaro and grafio,
260; organization of, under Frank-
ish empire, 261-3; scabini, 263 and
note 2. See Hundred and Hundert-
schaft.

Centenarius, 258, 261, 262, 270.
Centuria, relation of, to the curia,
244-9.

Centurio or centurionus, commander
of a centuria, 248.
Chalmers, M. D., on causes of separa-
tion of civil and ecclesiastical par-
ish, 43; anecdote by, touching
small parishes, 45, note 2; on
modern ecclesiastical parish, 47;
on the sexton, 49.
Chimney sweepers, 83, 98.
Church-rate, origin, 35; compulsory,

abolished, 1868, 47. See Rates.
Churchwardens, instituted, 1127, 35;
ex officio overseers of the poor, 40,
45, 48; character and duties of, 38
and note 4; call vestry meeting,
41; in modern ecclesiastical par-
ish, who eligible, 48; of the
Duke's laws, 108-9; ex officio over-
seers of poor in New York, 109,
note 4; in Virginia: chosen for
early hundreds and plantations,