unrecorded graves on battle-fields where they fell, or heaped in the burial-trench of some prison-pen, -the victims of disease and starvation. It is not creditable to our city, so generous and liberal, that a monument to the memory of these martyrs to liberty, our friends and fellow citizens, has not been erected, as has been done in many other places.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

EVENTS OF THE PERIOD, 1865 TO 1870.

A NEW ERA OF PROSPERITY-THE CENSUS OF 1865-DECEMBER STEAMBOAT EXCURSIONS-THE LAKE SUPERIOR RAILROAD-A SINGULAR "ACCIDENT"-THE STATE REFORM SCHOOL-SUPPOSED UXORICIDE-DESTRUCTIVE Fires-Court OF COMMON PLEAS-SUPPOSED MURDER OF DR. HARCOURT-ATTEMPTED REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL-THE CITY WATER WORKS-ANOTHER MURDER— COMPLETION OF RAILROADS, &C.

ANEW era seemed to have commenced with the close of

the war. Our city entered on a career of unusual prosperity. Money was abundant, capital came in from abroad; business never was more flourishing; real estate buoyant ; immigration increasing; employment plenty for all classes; every branch of trade and manufacture brisk, and everything presented a vivid contrast to the despondent days from 1857 to 1862.

From this period may be dated the most rapid growth of Saint Paul. Her railroad system had now become well advanced. Building had never been so brisk. The population increased very rapidly. In short, the struggles and drawbacks of infancy over, Saint Paul began to assume the vigor, the energy, the strength, of maturity.

The census taken this summer showed a considerable increase of population, despite all drawbacks. The population of the city was reported at 12.976, and of the county at 15,107.

On August 24, the body of a man was found in the river, below Dayton's Bluff, tied by a rope around the neck to a heavy stone at the bottom. The body was much decayed, and was not recognized, but it was evident that a murder had been committed, and its concealment attempted. The body of the stranger was buried by the Coroner, but was destined to ere long play an important part in the criminal annals of the county.

The autumn of 1865 was remarkable for its lateness and

uniform mildness. Nothing approaching it had been known in the weather records of our city. That year, the first of December steamboat excursions were inaugurated, by Colonel HEWITT.*

This fall will also be remembered as the period of the Vermillion gold excitement, in which many of our citizens were interested.

THE LAKE SUPERIOR AND MISSISSIPPI RAILROAD.

During the year 1865, the grading on this road was pushed quite vigorously, and completed to Wyoming, 30 miles.

This road was first incorporated in 1857, under the name of the "Nebraska and Lake Superior Railroad," and the name was changed by the Legislature of 1861, to its present title. LYMAN DAYTON and others, were made corporators. But little was done in actual construction for some three or four years. Meantime, Capt. Wм. L. Banning, L. DAYTON, JAMES SMITH, Jr.,† WM. BRANCH, Dr. STEWART, Robert A. SMITH, PARKER PAINE, and one or two others, took hold of the enterprise and put in enough money to grade 30 miles. On October 20, 1865, the President of the road, LYMAN DAYTON, died. Capt. BANNING succeeded him, and, after much trouble, got some Philadelphia capitalists to build and equip the road. It was not completed to Duluth until 1870, and the Stillwater branch was built the same year.

The early officers of the road were: LYMAN DAYTON, President, to his death in 1865; 1865 to 1870, Capt. WM. L. BANNING; FRANK H. CLARK, 1870 to 1873; and J. P. ILSLEY, to the present time. GATES

* GIRART HEWITT, one of the most active real estate dealers of the city, was born in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, in 1825. He studied law, and removed to Alabama in 1845, remaining there twelve years. He came to Minnesota for health, in 1856, and has since that date been a prominent citizen. Col. HEWITT'S Specialty has been immigration and December steamboat excursions. His "pamphlet" on Minnesota and its advantages to immigrants, has been circulated in the United States and Europe by the hundred thousand, and passed through twenty editions. He says he never held any office except School Inspector, and was beat the only time he ever ran for Alderman, and that, too, after his services in the Indian War of 1862!

† Hon. JAMES SMITH, Jr., was born at Mount Vernon, Ohio, October 29, 1815. While young, his eye-sight was seriously impaired by sickness, but he accomplished his education and read law, being admitted to practice in 1839. He was a partner of the late Col. J. W. VANCE, killed on Banks' Expedition. He remained at Mount Vernon until 1856, when he settled in Saint Paul, and was a partner first of Judge L. EMMETT, and afterwards of Hon. JOHN M. GILMAN. For ten years or more past, he has been Attorney of the Lake Superior Railroad. Mr. SMITH was a member of the State Senate in 1861, 1862 and 1863, and has just been elected for another term-the last time without opposition, a fact that evinces the high esteem in which he is held by his fellow citizens.

A. JOHNSON* was Chief Engineer through the period of construction, in connection, part of the time, with J. S. SEWALL, and was then Superintendent for two or three years, succeeded by W. W. HUNGERFORD, and more recently by GEO. H. SMITH. THOMAS BRENNAN, who laid all the iron on the road, is, at present, Assistant Superintendent. The first Secretary was CHARLES ST. CLAIR: next, CHARLES BREWSTER,

succeeded by ROBERT P. LEWIS; then R. H. LAMBORN, and the present Secretary, THOS. M. DAVIS. Hon. JAMES SMITH, Jr., has been Attorney from the inception of the road until the present time.

On November 8, the Daily Pioneer was sold to H. P. HALL and JOHN X. DAVIDSON.

* GATES A. JOHNSON was born at Plattsburg, New York, 1826. He adopted the profession of engineer, and in 1855 removed to Saint Paul. He pursued his calling with much success for several years, being elected City Engineer in 1860, and County Surveyor in 1863. He was also elected Chief Engineer of the Superior Railroad in 1861, and remained until the completion of the road. In 1871, he was elected Alderman, and has given faithful attention to the interests of the city.

There were no well-defined issues in politics this year. Two old settlers, Wм. R. MARSHALL and HENRY M. RICE, were candidates for Governor, the former gaining the day, but the county election was dull. The following officers were

elected:

D. A. ROBERTSON, Sheriff; ALBERT ARMSTRONG, Clerk of Court; S. M. FLINT, District Attorney; J. MAINZER, Register of Deeds; O. F. FORD, Coroner; Dr. JOHN STEELE, County Commissioner; W. P. MURRAY and GEO. L. OTIS, Senators; PARKER PAINE, WILLIAM BRANCH and HERMAN TROTT, Representatives.

NECROLOGY OF 1865.

Died, January 2, WILLIAM HARTSHORN, one of the earliest pioneers of our city. February 16, M. L. TEMPLE, a merchant of this city, and Capt. W. B. McGRORTY, a well-known public man, were drowned at LaCrosse. April in Virginia, JOHN W. CROSBY, formerly Chief of Police of Saint Paul. April 11, JEREMIAH W. SELBY, an old and esteemed citizen. May 22, Hon. JOHN A. PECKHAM, banker, alderman, legislator, &c. July 21, at Homer, Louisiana, Dr. Ebenezer MILLER, formerly Deputy Sheriff. October 1,

SOLOMON COGGSWELL, an old resident. October 4, DESIRE MICHAUD, for many years a merchant. October 14, Captain EMIL A. BURGER, an ex-officer. October 20, LYMAN DAYTON, one of the early settlers of the city. October 25, JOSEPH R. ATKINS, a prominent fireman. November 2, CHARLES T. WHITNEY, a well-known real estate dealer, formerly County Commissioner and City Treasurer. November 11, at Evansville, Indiana, Capt. R. M. SPENCER, an early steamboatman.

PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF 1866.

The year 1866 was one of great ease financially, the enormous expenditures of Government in settling up its war claims, making money plenty.

On March 1, ground was broken for the Opera House.

On May 25, the Cosmopolitan Hotel and ten other buildings, were destroyed by fire.