Mr Adam bore a warm part in Lord Howe's action, 1st June 1794. He appears to have been then successively transferred to the Barfler, 98, and Monarch, 74, bearing each tf flag of his relative, the Hon. Sir G. K. Elphinstone, whose official approbation he elicited for his signal services as acting-lieutenant in command of the Squib gun-brig at the carrying of the important pass of Maysenbergh during the operations which led to the surrender of the Cape of Good Hope in 1795. In October of the latter year, being appointed acting-lieutenant of the Victorious, 74 (Captain Wm. Clark), he proceeded to the East Indies, and on 9th September 1796 participated, in company with the Arrogant, 74, in a long conflict of nearly four hours with six heavy French frigates, under M. Sercey, which terminated in the separation of the combatants after each had been much crippled, and the Victorious had suffered a loss of 17 men killed, and 57, including her captain, wounded. Mr Adam, whom we subsequently find officiating as acting-commander and captain from August 1796 to August 1797 of the Swift sloop and Carysfort frigate, was at length, on his return to England in the Polyphemus, 64 (Capt. Geo. Lumsdaine), confirmed to a lieutenancy, 8th February 1798, in his old ship, the Barfleur, Captain James Richard Dacres. On 16th May fol lowing he obtained official command of the Falcon, fire-ship, but was soon afterwards transferred to the Albatross, 18, and ordered with despatches to the Cape of Good Hope, whence he ultimately accompanied an expedition sent to the Red Sea, for the purpose of intercepting the French in their meditated descent upon India. Having been advanced to the command, 12th June 1799, of La Sybille, of 48 guns and 300 men, Captain Adam, while in that ship, assisted at the capture and destruction, 23d August his practice increased, and he was consulted by the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, and many of the nobility. In the course of his parliamentary career, in consequence of something that occurred in a discussion during the first American war, he fought a duel with the late Mr Fox, which happily ended without bloodshed, and gave occasion to a joke by the latter that had his antagonist not loaded his pistol with Government powder he (Fox) would have been shot. In 1814 he submitted to Government the plan for trying civil causes by jury in Scotland. In 1815 he was made a privy councillor, and was appointed one of the barons of the Scottish Exchequer, chiefly with the view of enabling him to introduce and establish the new system of trial by jury. In 1816 an Act of Parliament was obtained, instituting a separate Jury Court in Scotland, in which he was appointed Lord Chief Commissioner, with two of the judges of the Court of Session as his colleagues. He accordingly relinquished his situation in the Exchequer, and continued to apply his energies to the duties of the Jury Court, overcoming by his patience, zeal, and urbanity, the many obstacles opposed to the success of an institution altogether new to our Scotch practice. In 1830, when sufficiently organised, the Jury Court was, by another act, transferred to the Court of Session. On taking his seat on the bench of the latter for the first time, addresses were presented to him from the Faculty of Advocates, the Society of Writers to the Signet, and the Solicitors before the Supreme Courts, thanking him for the important benefits which the introduction of trial by jury in civil cases had conferred on the country. In 1833 he retired from the bench; and died at his house in Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, aged 87. He married early in life a sister of the late Lord Elphinstone, and had a family of seve-1800, of 5 Dutch armed vessels and 22 ral sons-viz., John, long at the head of the Council in India, who died some years before him; Admiral Sir Charles Adam, M.P.; William George, an eminent king's counsel, afterwards Accountant-General in the Court of Chancery, who died 16th May 1839, three month's after his father; Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick, who held a command at Waterloo, afterwards High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands, and subsequently Governor of Madras; and a younger son, who died abroad. ADAM, Sir CHARLES, K.C.B., ViceAdmiral of the Red, born on the 6th October 1780, was the second son of the subject of the preceding sketch. This officer entered the navy 15th December 1790, on board the Royal Charlotte yacht, Captain Sir Hyde Parker, lying at Deptford ; and on removing in 1793 to the Robust, 74, commanded by his uncle, the Hon. George Keith Elphinstone, was present as midshipman at the investment and subsequent evacuation of Toulon. In the Glory, 98 (Captain John Elphinstone), which ship he next joined, merchantmen in Batavia Roads; made prize in October following of 24 Dutch proas, four of which mounted 6 guns each; on 19th August 1801, off Mahé, the principal of the Saychelle Islands, he took, with the loss only of two men killed, and a midshipman slightly wounded, after a gallant action of twenty minutes amidst rocks and shoals, and under fire from a battery on shore, the French frigate La Chiffone, of 42 guns and 296 men, of whom 23 were killed and 30 wounded. On arriving with his trophy at Madras he was presented by the Insurance Company at that place with an elegant sword, valued at 200 guineas; and the merchants at Calcutta also subscribed for him a sword and a piece of plate. Having at length returned to England and been appointed to the command, 23d May 1803, of La Chiffone, which had been added to the navy as a 36-gun frigate, Captain Adam cruised with success in the North Sea and Channel until the summer of 1805; and on 10th June in that year, with the Falcon sloop, Clinker gun brig, and Frances armed ctter, under his 1816. Being re-appointed to that vessel, orders, after a chase of nin ours, during 20th July 1821, he accompanied George IV. which the British suffered som from the in his visits to Ireland and Scotland, and incessant fire of the forts along s. drove was occasionally engaged in attendance on under the batteries of Fécamp & ivision other royal personages. He was superseded of the French flotilla, consisting of 2 in the Royal Sovereign on his promotion to corvettes and 15 gun vessels, carrying in flag rank, 27th May 1825; and attaining all 51 guns, 4 eight-inch mortars, and 3 field the rank of Vice-Admiral, 10th January pieces, accompanied by 14 transports. 1837, was subsequently employed as ComWhile next in command, from 27th August mander-in-Chief in North America and the 1805 to 6th April 1810, of the Resistance, West Indies, with his flag on board the 38, he witnessed Sir John Warren's capture Illustrious, 72, from 17th August 1841 until (13th March 1806) of the Marengo, 80, flag- May 1845, when he retired on half-pay. ship of Admiral Linois, and 40-gun frigate, Sir Charles Adam was nominated a K.C.B. Belle Poule; brought a considerable quan- 10th January 1835. He represented in tity of freight home from Vera Cruz in Parliament, from 1831 to 1841, the conFebruary 1807; took, 27th December fol- joined counties of Clackmannan and Kinlowing, L'Aigle, privateer of 14 guns, and ross-shires; was First Naval Lord of the Ad66 men; conveyed a large body of general miralty from April 1835; obtained the Lordofficers to the coast of Portugal in 1808; Lieutenancy of Kinross-shire 1st April 1839; after, bore the King of the French from and was appointed in 1840 one of the Elder Port Mahon to Palermo, and was otherwise Brethren of the Trinity House. In July actively and usefully employed. On remov-1846 he again took office as First Sea Lord ing from the Resistance to the Invincible, of the Adiniralty; but on July 23, 1847, he 74, Captain Adam commenced a series of was appointed to the Governorship of Greenvery effectual co-operations with the patriots wich Hospital. He married, 14th October on the coast of Catalonia, where, and on 1822, Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Bryother parts of the coast of Spain, he carried done, Esq., and sister of the Countess of on for a considerable time the duties of Minto. He died September 16, 1853. senior officer, and greatly annoyed the ADAM, ROBERT, architect, was born at enemy. In particular, at the defence of Kirkcaldy in 1728. He was the second son Tarragona, in May and June 1811, he highly of Mr Wm. Adam, of Maryburgh, who, distinguished himself under Sir Edward like his father, was also an architect, and Codrington; and in May 1812, he directed, who designed Hopetoun House, the Edinwith characteristic zeal and ability, the ope- burgh Royal Infirmary, and other buildings. rations which led to the capture of the town After studying at the University of Edinof Almeria, where the castle of San Elmo, burgh, Robert, in 1754, proceeded to the situated upon an almost inaccessible rock, Continent, and resided three years in Italy. and all the sea defences and batteries which In July 1757 he sailed from Venice to protected the anchorage of the place, were Spalatro, in Dalmatia, to inspect the reblown up. In June 1813, after a seige of mains of the palace of the Emperor Diofive days, Captain Adam took, with assist- clesian. In 1762, on his return to England, ance of Lieutenant-Colonel Prevost, of the he was appointed architect to the King, an 67th Regiment, the fort of St Philippe in office which he resigned two years afterthe Col-de Balaguer, near Tortosa, armed wards, on being elected member of Parliawith 12 pieces of ordnance, including 2 ten-ment for the county of Kinross. In 1764 inch mortars and 2 howitzers, with a gar- he published, in one folio volume, a splendid rison of 100 officers and men. He likewise, work containing 71 engravings, and dewhile in the same ship, acquired the ap- scriptions of the ruins of the palace of Dioproval of Sir Edward Pellew, the Com- clesian and of some other buildings. In mander-in-Chief, and of the Board of Ad- 1773 he and his brother James, also an miralty, for the successful manner in which eminent architect, brought out "The Works he conducted an important negociation with of R. & J. Adam" in numbers, consisting the Dey of Algeirs, having for its object a of plans and elevations of buildings in Engcessation of the depredations which had been land and Scotland, erected from their defor some time carried on by that potentate signs, among which are the Register House on the subjects of the Spanish Government. and College of Edinburgh, and the Glasgow Shortly after the paying off of the Invincible, Royal Infirmary. He died on the 3d March Captain Adam, on 16th May 1814, assumed 1792, and was buried at Westminster Abbey. the special and temporary command of the The year before his death he designed no Impregnable, 98, bearing the flag of H.R.H. fewer than 8 public buildings and 25 private the Duke of Clarence, in which ship he landed ones. He also excelled in landscape drawthe Emperor of Russia and the King of ing. His brother James, sometime archiPrussia at Dover, on the evenng of the 6th tect to the King, and the designer of PortJune, and was afterwards present at the land Place-one of the noblest streets of grand naval review held at Spithead. He left London- died on the 17th Oct. 1794. From the Impregnable on the 29th of the latter them the buildings in the Strand derive their month, but was nominated, 15th Dec. follow-name, being the work of the two brothers. ing, acting captain of the Royal Sovereign ADAM, WILLIAM PATRICK, Esq. of yacht, in which he continued until 7th Feb. Blair-Adain, son of the late Admiral Sir ADA FIFESHIRE BIOGRAPHY. Charles Adam, K.C.B., was born in 1823, municated by the Synod of Fife for having It is pleasant to add that a beautiful little Latin poem, published in his works, and breathing a spirit of ardent piety, was composed by him a short time before his death. A collected edition of his works, in quarto, was published by his sonin-law, Thos. Wilson, at London, in 1619. ADAMSON, PATRICK, Archbishop of St Andrews during a very stormy period of the Reformed Church of Scotland, a man of brilliant talents and attainments, who, through the allurements of ambition, drew on himself great obloquy and much suffering, was born at Perth in 1536. In the records of the period he is frequently named He Patrick Constance or Constantine. studied at St Mary's College, St Andrews, and having embraced the reformed doctrines he was in 1560 invested with the clerical office, and soon after became minister of Ceres, in Fife. As a preacher he ADAMSON, JOHN, was born at Morton was eloquent and impressive; and as a writer of Latin poetry he was little inferior of Pitmillie, Fife, about 1789, and entered to Buchanan, Arthur Johnston, or Andrew the navy, 21st June 1803, as midshipman Melville. About 1565 he quitted his pas- on board the Britannia, 100, Captain, aftertoral charge, and in the capacity of tutor wards Rear-Admiral, the Earl of Northesk, accompanied James, the eldest son of Sir under whom he fought as master's mate at James Makgill of Rankeillour, in Fife, Clerk- Trafalgar, 21st October 1805; and on the Register, in his travels to the Continent. completion of the victory was sent to assist While next attached, from At the Universities of Padua and Bourges he in navigating the Berwick, one of the capstudied civil and canon law; and upon his tured 74's. return to Scotland in 1570, when he married, 1806 until 1809, to the Lavinia, 40, Captain he vacillated as to the choice of the profes- Lord William Stuart, on the Channel and sion he should follow. Declining the office Mediterranean stations, he witnessed the of Principal of St Leonard's College, St surrender of a frigate and store-ship; asAndrews, which before his return Buch- sisted on different occasions in cutting seven anan had resigned in his favour, he com- merchantmen from under the enemy's batmenced practice at the bar; but at the teries, and was once sent to Malta in comurgent request of the General Assembly he bined charge of two prizes. Being invested resumed his original profession, and was with the command, in July 1809, of a gunappointed minister of Paisley. In the con- boat mounting a long 24-pounder forward, test between the supporters of prelacy and and a carronade abaft, with a complement royal supremacy in matters ecclesiastical of 37 men, Mr Adamson, who had not as yet Adamson professed a concurrence in the passed his examination, took an active part views of Melville, whose society he courted. in all the operations connected with the In 1575 he left his charge at Paisley on expedition to the Walcheren, and was parbeing appointed chaplain to the Regent ticularly praised by the late Sir George Morton; in 1577 he was appointed Arch- Cockburn for the precision of his fire during bishop of St Andrews and primate of all the bombardment of Flushing. After furScotland, and though before being admitted ther service in the Formidable, 98, Captain he declared his adhesion to the principles of James Nicoll Morris, and Victory, 100, ecclesiastical polity contained in the Book bearing the flag of Sir James Saumarez (to of Discipline, few or none of his brethren a lieutenancy in which ship he was conhad any confidence in the sincerity of his firmed 6th July 1811), he joined, early in professions. Adamson resided sometime in 1812, the Hannibal, 74, bearing the flag of England as ambassador from James to Rear-Admiral Sir Philip Charles Durham, Elizabeth; and after his return in 1584 con- with whom he continued actively to serve in tinued to correspond with Archbishop the Christian VII., 80, and Bulwark, 74, on Whitgift and Dr, afterwards Archbishop, the Home station until November 1813. Bancroft. In April 1586 he was excom- He was then successively appointed senior 4 of the Elk, 20, Captain John Curran, lying at Portsmouth, and Favourite, 18, Captain Hon. James Ashley Maude, in which latter vessel we find him returning home from America with the ratification of the treaty concluded at Ghent between Great Britain and the United States, and subsequently employed in the East Indies in co-operation with the army against the province of Catch. The Favourite being paid off in June 1817, Mr Adamson remained unemployed until November 1825, when he obtained an appointment as agent for transports afloat. He continued in that service, commanding successively the Vibilia, Hope, Cato, and Neva transports in every quarter of the globe, until again placed on half-pay 22d May 1832, on which occasion he received a very flattering, unsolicited letter of approbation from the Commissioner at the head of the transport department. He has since been professionally unemployed. originated the St Andrews Tract Society for the distribution of the Monthly Visitor, over which he has ever since continued to preside; and it was a source of much gratitication to him in his latter days that this humble instrumentality for good appeared to be more or less appreciated and blessed. In connection with this Society, about the year 1839, he commenced a monthly meeting for prayer, which, with the assistance of several young friends, he carried on for several years. Generally at these meetings he was accustomed to read a sermon or address from some printed volume, and in this way many of Bradley's sermons, and White (of Dublin's) addresses were read to crowded audiences on week-day evenings in the Madras College. His earnest and impressive manner of delivery made these services interesting and attractive. Sometimes he was in the habit of giving discourses of his own at these meetings, and during one winter ALEXANDER, ANDREW, LL.D., Prof., a series of lectures on the Character and St Andrews, was a native of the neighbour- History of Abraham, and during another, a hood of Glasgow, where he attended first its series on the Conversion and Restoration of High School, and afterwards was one of the the Jews, were delivered with great acceptmost distinguished students at its College. ance. His appearances in the pulpit in He was a college companion of Dr Muir, of those days were always able and impressive, Edinburgh, for whom through life he con- and his discourses in the Town Church tinued to cherish a warm regard (a regard on Sacramental Fast-days were greatly which was cordially reciprocated), and with relished." In 1822 he married a daughter whose general sentiments he largely sympa- of Mr Proctor, of Glammis, by whom he thised. Dr Alexander was tutor for some left four sons and three daughters; and time in the family of Lord Colchester, some years ago he received the degree of Speaker of the House of Commons. He LL.D. from Marischal College, Aberdeen. also acted as assistant to the Professor of He took a deep interest in the Church ExLatin in his native University, from which tension movement; subscribed to the ereche was taken, in 1818, to fill the Chair of tion both of St Mary's and Strathkinness Moral Philosophy in King's College, Aber- Chapel; and at the opening of the latter deen; and in 1820 he was selected for the place, preached a sermon which was afterchair of Professor of Greek in the Univer- wards remodelled and published as "Lec sity of St Andrews, which he retained till tures on Church Establishments." his decease. His connection with this Uni- volume was very favourably received at the versity gives him a place in our pages. Of time, and is still worthy of attention. the manner in which he performed the duties Years brought on many infirmities, and of that office, one who knew him well, says: greatly narrowed the field of his usefulness. -"Throughout his whole incumbency he But to the last he continued to take a deep seems to have possessed in a rare degree the interest in the religious questions of the day, faculty of attaching the students to him, and and on Christian union-a subject which he the tribute of respect paid him some years pressed earnestly and often on various secago was one of the most successful of its tions of the Church. His latest effort was a kind. When I was myself a student under lecture delivered in Dundee. He published him, he was in fall vigour, and was one of a Form of Morning and Evening Prayer," the professors most highly esteemed for for use among operatives in large factories, kindliness of manner, his earnest desire for displaying the same earnest, large-hearted the progress of his students, and his deep spirit that characterised him in more vigointerest in their spiritual welfare. His Sabrous days. Having for some years given up bath evening class for the reading (accompanied by expository remarks) of the Greek New Testament was greatly valued by the more earnest students, and was in the then state of St Andrews a great boon to them. Here was one at least who felt we had souls to be cared for, and was not frightened to break through the bonds a freezing routine had imposed, that he might speak to us about matters of the deepest concern. This spirit of earnestness sought vent for itself in other ways still less connected with his official position. More than twenty years ago he The preaching, he subsequently resumed his functions, and was a most popular and attractive preacher-with powers of eloquence which arrested and commanded attention. He was frequently, as an elder, a member of the General Assembly, and spoke in that court. His views as a churchman and a Christian were liberal and catholic. He viewed with the deepest regret the Free Church secession, but adhered without hesitation to the Church of Scotland. He was greatly respected by all denominations in St Andrews as a man of upright and Christian principles; and although exhibiting occasionally somewhat peculiar traits of character, was really, and by the common consent of those who knew him best, a good man. In 1854, after his increasing defect in hearing, he was obliged to employ an assistant in the Greek classes. He died in 1859 after a comparatively short illness. sections and maps in the Highland and Agricultural Society's Transactions of 1840. He enjoyed also the distinguished honour of having several fossils called after him by Agassiz and Huxley. A paper on the "Conflicts of Science," in the Christian Magazine for October 1854, marks the scientific habits and extensive reading of the ANDERSON, JOHN, D.D., minister of learned author. The "Flisk Address" of Newburgh, was born at that town about 1843 showed strongly his views on the conthe year 1796. His father was a general troversy of the Disruption-it sold in tens merchant there, and held the responsible of thousands, and went through several office of a magistrate of the burgh for the editions. His interest in Sabbath schools long period of 42 successive years. His is evinced by his "Catechism on the Lord's mother was the daughter of a wealthy Prayer," and other contributions of a Strathearn farmer, and sister of the Rev.similar kind. He was a member of the Dr Stuart, sometime minister of Newburgh. British Association, and a constant atMr Anderson received the rudiments of his tendant of its meetings, where he read education in the parish school of his native several excellent papers on geology. It town, and at an early period began to may here be of interest to recal the fact that manifest superior powers, making rapid in 1859, at the Aberdeen meeting, he read progress in all those branches of a liberal an elaborate paper "On the Remains of education which form a necessary prepara- Man in the Superficial Drifts," in the course tion for the ministry. Having completed of which he controverted the views of Sir his preparatory studies, Mr Anderson entered Charles Lyell and others as to the antiquity the University of St Andrews, where he of the human species; and which evoked remained seven sessions, and took prizes in from Sir Charles a strong expression of every class he attended. He afterwards concurrence, particularly as to the caution proceeded to Edinburgh and finished his necessary to be observed on arriving at conphilosophical and theological courses; and clusions as to the antiquity of the human having passed his examination as a pro- race founded on the association of bones in bationer with much honour and credit, he caverns with human remains. Dr Anderwas duly licensed to preach the Gospel by son subsequently published this paper in the Presbytery of Cupar. In 1821 he was pamphlet form. We understand he had in presented to the church and parish of Dun- preparation for the press a work to be enbarney, and continued there till 1833, when a titled " The Course of Revelation," being a vacancy having occurred in Newburgh, and sequel to his former work-namely, "The the patron having granted a leet of three to Course of Creation." In reference to the the congregation, Mr Anderson obtained" Monograph of Dura Den" we may state, the appointment by nearly the unanimous selection of the voters. During the long period which has since elapsed the subject of this memoir (who received the degree of D.D. in 1840) proved himself to be a sound and orthodox divine, firmly attached to the Church of Scotland, and an able defender of her doctrines. As a preacher he was serious and impressive, inculcating the great duties of Christianity with plainness and simplicity, and without the slightest degree of enthusiasm. Indefatigable in the discharge of his professional duties, Dr Anderson devoted a portion of his leisure hours to the gratification of his literary and scientific tastes. As a geologist he was one of the most distinguished of his day. Of his contributions to that science during the last 25 years it is impossible for us, in a sketch of this kind, to give a full account; but we may mention his Monograph of Dura Den," "The Course of Creation," and "The Geology of Scotland." This last forms the leading introductory part of the "Pictorial History of Scotland," by Virtue & Co. "The Course of Creation" has been successfully published in the United States of America, and has run through several editions. Dr Anderson contributed the Gold Medal Prize Essay on the Geology of Fifeshire, and which was published with Nor that in 1859 Dr Anderson was associated |