was a mere stockade of small dimensions, and not suited to resist the attacks of artillery, and some more formidable work was deemed necessary at a post so important as this. General Forbes, the captor of the fort, having died a few months after its surrender, at Philadelphia, General Stanwix was appointed to succeed him. In the following year a substantial fort was built, and a treaty held with the Indians, as appears from the following letters, printed in the New American Magazine, at Woodbridge in New Jersey, in November, 1759, dated September 24.

"It is now near a month since the army has been employed in erecting a most formidable fortification - such a one as will, to the latest posterity, secure the British empire on the Ohio." "Upon the General's arrival, about four hundred Indians, of different nations, came to confirm the peace with the English; particularly the Ottawas and Wyandots, who inhabit about Detroit. These confessed the errors they had been led into by the perfidy of the French, -showed the deepest contrition for their past conduct, and promised not only to remain fast friends to the English, but to assist us in destroying the common enemy, whenever we should call on them to do it. They also said they would deliver up what prisoners they had in their hands to the General, at a great meeting that is to be held in about three weeks. As soon as the congress was ended, the head of each nation presented the calumet of peace to the General, and showed every token of sincerity, that could be expected, which the surrender of the prisoners will confirm. In this, as in every thing that can secure the lasting peace and happiness of these colonies, the general is indefatigable."

Judge Brackenridge, in a description of Pittsburgh, published in the Gazette, in July, 1786, says the building of Fort Pitt cost the British government sixty thousand pounds.

Upon the 10th of February, 1763, peace was established between Great Britain, France, and Spain. By this treaty,

France surrendered to the English the Canadas and all her possessions east of the Mississippi river, as low down as the 31st degree of latitude; while Spain gave up Florida. In 1764, France ceded to Spain, Louisiana; thus abandoning all her territory in North America.

The Indians being now deserted by their old allies, the French, who had, for a long series of years, been their friends, and supplied them with clothing and implements of war, and environed along the lake shores by the garrisons of the English, it was thought would remain at peace, and not again molest the inhabitants of the frontier settlements. On the faith of their fair promises to General Stanwix, in the summer of 1759, traders had gone among them, with valuable assortments of merchandise to give in exchange for their peltries, little dreaming of the calamities that awaited them. While acting under these delusive appearances, during the year 1763, the Indians formed one of the most formidable alliances for the extermination of their new masters ever entered into by this brave and cunning people. It was composed of all the western tribes, from the heads of the Muskingum to Michillimackinac. At the head of this grand confederacy was Pondiac: a chief as greatly renowned for his wisdom, as he was celebrated for his bravery. They were, doubtless, instigated to this result, partly by the persuasions of their old allies, the French, who felt sore at their late defeat, as well as to resist and put a stop to the encroachments of the English settlers whose slow but gradual progress on their territories they had the foresight to perceive must, in a few years, deprive them of their whole country. They preceded their attacks on the forts by plundering and murdering the English traders, who had gone among them since the late peace. It is stated by the writers of that day, that nearly two hundred traders, and their servants, lost their lives; while the loss of goods was estimated at more than one

hundred thousand pounds sterling. A simultaneous and sudden attack was made on all the western posts. They got possession of the forts of Le Beouf, Venango, Presque Isle, Miamis on the Miami of the Lakes, St. Josephs on the river of that name, Ouachtanon on the Wabash, Sandusky, and Michillimackinac, and put the garrisons to death. Detroit was barely saved, after a long and close siege, by the Indians under Pondiac. Fort Pitt and Niagara both narrowly escaped.

CHAPTER III.

Ancient map, with a plan of Colonel Bouquet's march to Muskingum. Indian depredations in western Pennsylvania. -- Extracts from Colonel Bouquet's expedition on to the Muskingum river, in 1764, with various incidents connected therewith.-Indian treaty at Fort Pitt in 1765.

In the summer of the year 1763, the whole western frontier of Pennsylvania was ravaged by the savages; killing the inhabitants, burning their buildings, and destroying their cattle, to the vicinity of Shippensburg and Carlisle, which towns became now the frontier. It was estimated that a territory, three hundred miles long and thirty miles wide, was abandoned by the whites. This district was but thinly peopled it is true, but was occupied at various points by settlers. Fort Pitt was surrounded and cut off from all intercourse with the country east of the mountains. The fort was attacked with great spirit by the savages, who endeavored to set it on fire with lighted combustibles attached to arrows; and kept up a constant discharge at the troops, from under cover of the bank of the Alleghany river, from their rifles. But, under the command of Captain Ewyer, the soldiers, who had been strengthened by a number of traders, who had escaped the massacre of this class of men which preceded the attack on the posts, defied all their exertions and maintained the fort. Runners having been dispatched to the settlements with notice of the critical condition of the garrison, General Amherst appointed Colonel Bouquet to march to their relief, with a detachment of five hundred men, military stores and provisions. The abandoned settlements, through which

he passed, presented a melancholy spectable. On the 4th of August, when within four days march of Fort Pitt, he was attacked on Bushy run by the Indians, in great force. After two days of severe fighting, in which the Colonel displayed great military tact and coolness, the Indians were defeated, and the troops reached the fort without further interruption. The winter following his visit to Fort Pitt, the Indians again obstructed and way-laid the road across the mountains, rendering all intercourse very dangerous. The next summer a plan was set on foot by the Governor of Pennsylvania, for invading the territory of the Indians north-west of the Ohio river, being the first attempt to attack them in that region ever made by the English colonists. The larger portion of the operations of this campaign having taken place within the territory now embraced in the state of Ohio, they become more interesting and valuable to the historical society. The volume, which contains the history of this campaign, was published in London, in the year 1766, and has now become scarce and difficult to procure. It is accompanied by the map of the country traversed, on which is delineated the location of the old forts and Indian towns. A sketch of the route and camping grounds of the army is also given, drawn by Thomas Hutchins, assistant engineer, who it seems accompanied the expedition. Plans of the order of march and of encamping are also given, which go to show that Colonel Bouquet was a commander of no ordinary military attainments. A copy of the map has been taken, and is presented to the society with these historical papers.

Extracts from the history of Colonel Bouquet's expedition into the Indian towns north-west of the river Ohio, in the year 1764.

This expedition was placed under the command of Colonel Bouquet, and consisted of fifteen hundred men. At the same time a detachment of men under Colonel Bradstreet,