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compaffed by a very deep and broad Ditch, as well as a double Wall very high. In the Middle of the whole is that very antient and very strong Tower, enclosed with four others, which, in the Opinion of fome, was built by Julius Cæfar. Upon entering the Tower, we were obliged to quit our Swords at the Gate, and deliver them to the Guard. When we were introduced, we were fhewn above a hundred Pieces of Arras belonging to the Crown, made of Gold, Silver, and Silk; feveral Saddles covered with Velvet of different Colours; and immenfe Quantity of Bed-furniture, fuch as Canopies, and the like, fome of them moft richly ornamented with Pearl; fome Royal Dreffes, fo extremely magnificent, as to raife any one's Admiration at the Sums they must have coft. We were next led into the Armoury, in which are these Particularities: Spears, out of which you may shoot; Shields, that will give Fire four Times; a great many rich Halberds, commonly called Partuifans, with which the Guards defend the Royal Person in Battle; fome Lances, covered with red and green Velvet, and the Body-armour of Henry VIII.; many, and very beautiful Arms, as well for Men, as for Horfes in Horfe-fights; the Lance of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk, three Spans thick; two Pieces of Cannon, the one fires three, the other feven Balls at a Time; two others made of Wood, which the English had at the Siege of Boulogne, in France, and by this Stratagem, without which they could not have fucceeded, they ftruck á Terror into the Inhabitants, as at the Appearance of Artillery, and the Town was furrendered upon

Articles;

Articles; 19 Cannon, of a thicker make than ordinary, and in a Room apart; 36 of a smaller other Cannon for Chain-fhot; and Balls proper to bring down Mafts of Ships. Crofs-bows, Bows and Arrows, of which to this Day the English make great Ufe in their Exercifes: But who can relate all that is to be feen here? Eight or nine Men, employed by the Year, are fcarcely fufficient to keep all the Arms bright.

The Mint for coining Money is in the Tower.

N. B. It is to be noted, that when any of the Nobility are fent hither, on the Charge of high Crimes, punishable with Death, fuch as Treason, &c. they feldom or never recover their Liberty. Here was beheaded Anna Bolen, Wife of King Henry VIII. and lies buried in the Chapel, but without any Infcription and Queen Elizabeth was kept Prisoner here by her Sifter Queen Mary, at whose Death she was enlarged, and by Right called to the Throne.

On coming out of the Tower, we were led to a fmall House close by, where are kept Variety of Creatures, viz. three Lioneffes, one Lion of great Size, called Edward VI. from his having been born in that Reign; a Tyger; a Lynx; a Wolf exceffively old; this is a very fcarce Animal in England,. fo that their Sheep and Cattle ftray about in great Numbers, free from any Danger, though without any body to keep them; there is befides, a Porcupine, and an Eagle. All thefe Creatures are kept in

a re

a remote Place, fitted up for the Purpose with wooden Lattices at the Queen's Expence.

Near to this Tower, is a large open Space: On the highest Part of it is erected a wooden Scaffold, for the Execution of Noble Criminals; upon which they fay, three Princes of England, the laft of their Families, have been beheaded for high Treafon : On the Bank of the Thames close by, are a great many Cannon, fuch chiefly as are used at Sea.

The next Thing worthy of Note, is the Royal Exchange, so named by Queen Elizabeth, built by Sir Thomas Gresham, Citizen, for public Ornament, and the Convenience of Merchants. It has a great Effect, whether you confider the Statelinefs of the Building, the Affemblage of different Nations, or the Quantities of Merchandise. I shall say nothing of the Hall belonging to the Hans Society; or of the Conveyance of Water to all Parts of the Town by fubterraneous Pipes, nor the beautiful Conduits and Cisterns for the Reception of it; nor of the rifing of Water out of the Thames by a Wheel, invented a few Years fince by a German.

Bridewell, at prefent the House of Correction: It was built in fix Weeks for the Reception of the Emperor Charles V.

A Hall, built by a Cobler, and bestowed on the City, where are exposed to Sale three Times in a Week, Corn, Wool, Cloth, Fruits, and the like.

Without

Without the City are fome Theatres, where English Actors reprefent almost every Day Tragedies and Comedies to very numerous Audiences; these are concluded with Mufic, Variety of Dances, and the exceffive Applause of those that are present.

Not far from one of these Theatres, which are built of Wood, lies the Royal Barge, close to the River; it has two fplendid Cabbins, beautifully ornamented with Glafs Windows, Painting and Gilding; it is kept upon dry Ground, and fheltered from the Weather.

There is still another Place, built in the Form of a Theatre, which serves for the baiting of Bulls and Bears; they are faftened behind, and then worried by' great English Bull-dogs; but not without great Rifque to the Dogs, from the Horns of the one, and the Teeth of the other; and it sometimes happens they are killed upon the Spot; fresh ones are immediately supplied in the Place of those that are wounded, or tired. To this Entertainment, there often follows that of whipping a blinded Bear, which is performed by five or fix Men, standing circularly with Whips, which they exercise upon him without any Mercy, as he cannot escape from them because of his Chain; he defends himfelf with all his Force and Skill, throwing down all who come within his Reach, and are not active enough to get out of it, and tearing the Whips out of their Hands, and breaking them. At thefe Spectacles, and every where

elfe,

elfe the English are constantly smoaking Tobacco, and in this Manner; they have Pipes on purpose made of Clay, into the farther End of which they put the Herb, fo dry that it may be rubbed into Powder, and putting Fire to it they draw the Smoak into their Mouths, which they puff out a gain, through their Noftrils, like Funnels, along with it Plenty of Phlegm and Defluxion from the Head. In thefe Theatres, Fruits, such as Apples, Pears and Nuts, according to the Seafon, are carried about to be fold, as well as Ale and Wine.

There are fifteen Colleges, within and without the City, nobly built, with beautiful Gardens adjoining. Of these the three principal are:

I. The Temple, inhabited formerly by the Knights Templars It seems to have taken its Name from the old Temple, or Church, which has a round Tower added to it, under which lie buried thofe Kings of Denmark, that reigned in England.

II. Grays-Inn. And

III. Lincolns-Inn.

In thefe Colleges Numbers of the young Nobility, Gentry, and others, are educated, and chiefly in the Study of Phyfic, for very few apply themselves to that of the Law: They are allowed a very good Table, and Silver Cups to drink out of. Once a Perfon of Diftinction, who could not help being furprized

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