Drugs and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral PharmacologyThis student-friendly, accessible text provides students with a thorough introduction to the field of behavioral pharmacology and prepares them to analyze drug information from a variety of sources. The text describes impartially and scientifically the effects of drugs on behavior, and the various ways that behavior principles facilitate an understanding of both the actions of drugs and the way people use them. *Reviews the basic principles and concepts of pharmacology, psychology, and neurophysiology. *Uniform coverage of drug classes. *Provides an historical background for each drug and explains each drug's effect from subjective, behavioral, and neurological perspectives. *Introduces students to recent findings on withdrawal and abuse potential and describes the drug's harmful effects and methods of treatment. *Includes over 700 references to original research and review articles. |
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Page 38
... schedule is known as a ratio sched- ule . On a fixed ratio ( FR ) schedule , the animal is required to make a fixed number of responses in order to be reinforced . For example , on an FR 30 schedule , every 30th response produces a ...
... schedule is known as a ratio sched- ule . On a fixed ratio ( FR ) schedule , the animal is required to make a fixed number of responses in order to be reinforced . For example , on an FR 30 schedule , every 30th response produces a ...
Page 101
... schedule . In this schedule , the subject is required to work for a drug infusion on a fixed ratio ( FR ) schedule that consistently gets more demanding . The schedule may start at FR 50 . After the first reinforcement is received , it ...
... schedule . In this schedule , the subject is required to work for a drug infusion on a fixed ratio ( FR ) schedule that consistently gets more demanding . The schedule may start at FR 50 . After the first reinforcement is received , it ...
Page 108
... schedules , animals are presented with two levers and are free to press either one . Rein- forcers are made available on both levers . These levers may vary in the amount of reinforcer de- livered and the schedule of reinforcement , and ...
... schedules , animals are presented with two levers and are free to press either one . Rein- forcers are made available on both levers . These levers may vary in the amount of reinforcer de- livered and the schedule of reinforcement , and ...
Contents
Potency and Effectiveness | 5 |
Chapter | 8 |
Oral Administration | 12 |
Copyright | |
31 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
absorption abuse acid action potential activity addiction administration alco amphetamine antidepressants antipsychotics arousal axons azepines barbiturates basal ganglia behavior benzodiazepines block blood levels brain caffeine cannabinoids cannabis cause cell body Chapter cigarettes cocaine coffee conditioned consumed cortex crease decrease depression developed diazepam digestive system disease dopamine drinkers drinking drug effects of alcohol enzyme excretion experiment fects functioning GABA given hallucinogens heroin high doses humans increase injection ion channels ionized known laboratory animals lever lipid-soluble liver marijuana membrane mesolimbic metabolism methadone methylxanthines molecules monkeys morphine nervous system neurons neurotransmitters nicotine nonhumans normal opiates opium orally overdose pentobarbital percent physical dependence placebo positive reinforcement rats receptor sites reported response resting potential result schedule self-administration sensitization shown similar sleep smoking stimulants studies subjective effects substance synapses therapeutic tion tive tobacco tolerance transmitter treatment users usually withdrawal symptoms