Drugs and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral PharmacologyThis student-friendly, accessible text provides students with a thorough introduction to the field of behavioral pharmacology and prepares them to analyze drug information from a variety of sources. The text describes impartially and scientifically the effects of drugs on behavior, and the various ways that behavior principles facilitate an understanding of both the actions of drugs and the way people use them. *Reviews the basic principles and concepts of pharmacology, psychology, and neurophysiology. *Uniform coverage of drug classes. *Provides an historical background for each drug and explains each drug's effect from subjective, behavioral, and neurological perspectives. *Introduces students to recent findings on withdrawal and abuse potential and describes the drug's harmful effects and methods of treatment. *Includes over 700 references to original research and review articles. |
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Page 14
... ionized . The percentage of ionized mole- cules in a solution is determined by ( a ) whether the drug is a weak acid or a weak base , ( b ) whether it is dissolved in an acid or a base , and ( c ) its pKa . The pKa of a drug is the pH ...
... ionized . The percentage of ionized mole- cules in a solution is determined by ( a ) whether the drug is a weak acid or a weak base , ( b ) whether it is dissolved in an acid or a base , and ( c ) its pKa . The pKa of a drug is the pH ...
Page 15
... ionized at acid pHs . By drawing a horizontal line at the 50 percent ionization level , we can determine the pKa of each drug : damital , 5.0 , and endi- tal , 8.0 . Caffeine is a weak base with a pKa of 0.5 . Try to figure out what its ...
... ionized at acid pHs . By drawing a horizontal line at the 50 percent ionization level , we can determine the pKa of each drug : damital , 5.0 , and endi- tal , 8.0 . Caffeine is a weak base with a pKa of 0.5 . Try to figure out what its ...
Page 16
... ionized at this pH . Therefore , nearly all of the drug molecules that cross the membrane into the blood become ionized and are trapped there . As nonionized molecules dif- fuse into the blood , more and more ionized molecules in the ...
... ionized at this pH . Therefore , nearly all of the drug molecules that cross the membrane into the blood become ionized and are trapped there . As nonionized molecules dif- fuse into the blood , more and more ionized molecules in the ...
Contents
Potency and Effectiveness | 5 |
Chapter | 8 |
Oral Administration | 12 |
Copyright | |
31 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
absorption abuse acid action potential activity addiction administration alco amphetamine antidepressants antipsychotics arousal axons azepines barbiturates basal ganglia behavior benzodiazepines block blood levels brain caffeine cannabinoids cannabis cause cell body Chapter cigarettes cocaine coffee conditioned consumed cortex crease decrease depression developed diazepam digestive system disease dopamine drinkers drinking drug effects of alcohol enzyme excretion experiment fects functioning GABA given hallucinogens heroin high doses humans increase injection ion channels ionized known laboratory animals lever lipid-soluble liver marijuana membrane mesolimbic metabolism methadone methylxanthines molecules monkeys morphine nervous system neurons neurotransmitters nicotine nonhumans normal opiates opium orally overdose pentobarbital percent physical dependence placebo positive reinforcement rats receptor sites reported response resting potential result schedule self-administration sensitization shown similar sleep smoking stimulants studies subjective effects substance synapses therapeutic tion tive tobacco tolerance transmitter treatment users usually withdrawal symptoms