Ch. I. when they may be taken as Pronouns, and when as Articles. Yet in truth it must be confessed, if the Essence of an Article be to define and ascertain, they are much more properly Articles, than any thing else, and as such should be considered in Universal Grammar.Thus when we say, THIS Picture I approve, but THAT I dislike, what do we perform by the help of these Definitives, but bring down the common Appellative to denote two Individuals, the one as the more near, the other as the more distant? So when we say, SOME men are virtuous, but ALL men are mortal, what is the natural Effect of this ALL and SOME, but to define that Universality, and Particularity, which would remain

• dêños) expletur a Latinis per Is aut ILLE; Is, aut, Ille servus dixit, de quo servo antea facta mentio sit, aut qui alio quo pacto notus sit. Additur enim Articulus ad rei memoriam renovandam, cujus antea non nescii sumus, aut ad præscribendam intellectionem, quæ latiùs patere queat; veluti cum dicimus, C. Cæsar, Is qui postea dictator fuit. Nam alii fuere C. Cæsares. Sic Græcè Kairagi ávтoxgáTwg. De Caus. Ling. Lat. c. 131.

4

remain indefinite, were we to take them
away? The same is evident in such
Sentences, as-SOME substances have sen-
sation; OTHERS want it-Chuse ANY way
of acting, and sSOME men will find fault,
&c. For here SOME, OTHER, and ANY,
serve all of them to define different Parts
of a given Whole; SOME, to denote a
definite Part; ANY, to denote an indefi-
nite; and OTHER, to denote the remain-
ing Part, when a Part has been assumed
already. Sometimes this last Word de-
notes a large indefinite Portion, set in op-
position to some single, definite, and re-
maining Part, which receives from such
Opposition no small degree of heighten-
ing. Thus Virgil,

Excudent ALII spirantia molliùs ara;
(Credo equidem) vivos ducent de mar-
more vultus;

Orabunt causas meliùs, cælique meatus
Describent radio, et surgentia sidera
/dicent:

Tu regere imperio populos, ROMANE,

memento, &c.

Æn. VI.

NOTHING

Ch. I.

Ch. I.

NOTHING can be stronger or more sublime, than this Antithesis; one Act set as equal to many other Acts taken together, and the Roman singly (for it is Tu Romane, not Vos Romani) to all other Men; and yet this performed by so trivial a cause, as the just opposition of ALII to TU.

But here we conclude, and proceed to treat of CONNECTIVES.

CHAP

CHAP. II.

Concerning Connectives, and first those called Conjunctions.

Of

CONNECTIVES are the subject of Ch. II. what follows; which, according as they connect either Sentences or Words, are called by the different Names of CONJUNCTIONS, or PREPOSITIONS. these Names, that of the Preposition is taken from a mere accident, as it commonly stands in connection before the Part, which it connects. The name of the Conjunction, as is evident, has reference to its essential character.

Of these two we shall consider the CONJUNCTION first, because it connects, not Words, but Sentences. This is conformable to the Analysis, with which we began this inquiry*, and which led

us,

* Sup. p. 11, 12.

Ch. II. us, by parity of reason, to consider Sentences themselves before Words. Now the Definition of a CONJUNCTION is as follows-a Part of Speech, void of Signification itself, but so formed as to help Signification, by making Two or more significant Sentences to be ONE significant Sentence(a).

THIS

(a) Grammarians have usually considered the Conjunction as connecting rather single Parts of Speech, than whole Sentences, and that too with the addition of like with like, Tense with Tense, Number with Number, Case with Case, &c. This Sanctius justly explodes.Conjunctio neque casus, neque alias partes orationis (ut imperiti docent) conjungit, ipsæ enim partes inter se conjunguntur-sed conjunctio Orationes inter se conjungit.— Miner. L. III. c. 14. He then establishes his doctrine by a variety of examples. He had already said as much, L. I. c. 18. and in this he appears to have followed Scaliger, who had asserted the same before him. Conjunctionis autem notionem veteres paullo inconsultiùs prodidere ; neque enim, quod aiunt, partes alias conjungit (ipsæ enim partes per se inter se conjunguntur)-sed conjunctio est, quæ conjungit Orationes plures. De Caus. Ling. Lat. c.

165.

This