note, O. iv., 1, 22. Barbarum in the next line is equivalent to Phrygi um. On the Lydian or Dorian, and the Phrygian pipe, see notes, O. iii., 19, 18; iv., 15, 30. - -7. Ut nuper; sc. bibimus. The poet alludes to the defeat of Sextus Pompeius (who called himself son of Neptune) by Agrippa, B. c. 36, off Mylae, on the northeastern coast of Sicily. This happened five years before the battle of Actium. - - 12. Emancipatus. When a Roman renounced all right of property in a son or in a slave, he was said emancipare filium or servum, and the son or slave was emancipatus. Hence the word comes to mean to give over to another, as if a slave, to enslave. Here Antony, in relation to the power which Cleopatra had over him, is said, together with his soldiers (miles), to be emancipatus feminae, enslaved to a woman. In like manner, Cic. de Senec. c. 11, senectus honesta est,-si nemini emancipata est. 13. Fert vallum et arma. Every Roman soldier was required to carry, besides his heavy arms, three or four stakes (valli), for the vallum or palisade of the camp. The poet mentions these elements of the Roman discipline, to exhibit more strongly, by contrast, the disgrace of Antony and his soldiers in yielding to the influence and the power of the eunuchs of Cleopatra's court. -16. Conopium; Kwvwπeîov. "A musquito net, suspended over a sleeping couch, or over persons reposing out of doors, to keep off the gnats and other troublesome insects; the use of which originated in Egypt." Rich's Companion. 17. At hoc frementes. But expressing their indignation at this, i. e. the sight of an eastern conopium in the army. By Galli the poet means the Galatians, under Deiotarus, who went over to Octavianus, just before the battle of Actium. 20. Sinistrorsum. Towards the left; i. e. in the direction of Egypt. The poet means to represent a part of Antony's ships retiring, through the same motives as the Gauls; but backing into the harbor (puppes citae) to avoid the appearance of flight. Citae from ciere means directed; the expression is remis inhibitae. -21. Io Triumphe. Triumphus addressed as a person. See note, O. iv., 2, 49. 23. Jugurthino bello. From the war against Jugurtha; i. e. not so signal was the triumph of Marius over Jugurtha, or of the younger Scipio over Carthage. 27. Hostis; i. e. Antony. Punico, i. e. purpureo, sc. paludamento. The pa ludamentum was the cloak of a general or a superior officer, and the sagum that of a common soldier. On the construction of punico, see note, O. i., 17, 1. -30. Non suis;=adversis, opposing. - -34. Chia-Lesbia. See note, O. iii., 19, 5; and on Caecubum, 1. 36, see note, O. i., 20, 9. 35. Quod coerceat. The relative expresses purpose -38. Lyaeo. Sex note, O. i., 7, 22.

-

EPODE X.

Maevils was an inferior poet, and an envious satirist both of Horace and Virgil. Vis gil mentions him in Eclogue 3, 90.

Qui Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina, Maevi. As he had just embarked for Athens, Horace writes this ode, in which "he heartily wishes him all manner of ill-luck, and an icipates with glee his trepidation in a storm, or his death by shipwreck."

Mala--alite. Comp. O. i., 15, 5.

-4. Auster. The Auster, the Eurus, and the Aquilo, would all be opposing winds, in making the voyAge from Italy to Greece. The favorable wind was the Iapyx, which the poet mentions in the ode to the ship that was bound, with Virgil on board, on the same voyage. See O. i., 3, 4. That whole ode indeed Disturbed. should be compared with the present. -5. Inverso. 10. Orion cadit. The setting of Orion, which was in November, was attended with storms. Comp. O. i., 28, 21; iii., 27, 18; Epod. 15, 7.14. Impiam Ajacis. Alluding to the offence of Ajax, the son of Oileus, against Cassandra, in the temple of Minerva; for this offence he was shipwrecked on his homeward voyage. Virgil has the same allusion in Aen. 1, 39.- -15. Sudor. Comp. O. i., 15, 9.- 16. Latens; of the lutum, an herb of a yellowish color. Comp. note, O. iii., 10, 14.

EPODE XI.

The poet complains, that he is so infatuated by love, that he can write no verses, no give himself to any serious pursuit.

6. Honorem; frondes, as in Virg. Georg. 2, 404. talk of the town; as in Epist. i., 10, 9..

a rich rival.

8. Fabula. The 11. Lucrum. In allusion to

-13. Calentis; sc. mei; literally, of me, heated, my se

crets, when I was heated.

-18. Imparibus. Dat. for abl. with cum

See note, O. i., 1, 15.

EPODE XIII.

As in many other odes, the poet here, on some chill winter's day, turns his friends from the storm that rages without, to the cheerful scene within; and exhorts them to put away all apprehension for the future, and in festive mirth enjoy the fleeting present.

1. Contraxit. Has drawn in; by the clouds which cut off the view of the heavens. 2. Jovem; for pluviam; in accordance with the

ancient representation that, in showers, Jove himself descended, to water and refresh the earth. Hence the word is so often used for aether, upper air, the sky.. 3. Threicio. Because Thrace was north of Greece. The Greek name for the North wind, Boreas, was also the name, in the mythology, of an ancient king of Thrace. Comp. O. i., 25, 11. —4. De die. From the day; i. e. the present, trusting not to the future. -5. Obducta-senectus. Obducta, i. e. curae et tristitiae nubibus, literally, covered over with the clouds of care and sadness. Senectus here=taedium, moeror, vexation, gloom. "Let the gloom be relaxed on our clouded brow." Osborne. -6. Meo. Because Torquatus was consul the year of the poet's birth, B. c. 65. moveri, and descende, O. iii., 21, 6, 7, where see note. iii., 8, 11.. 8. Achaemenio. See note, O. iii., 1, 44.that is, of Mercury (see n. O. i., 10, 6), who was born, according to the mythological tradition, on Mt. Cyllene, in Arcadia. -11. Alumno. Achilles, said to have been a pupil of the Centaur Chiron. So Juvenal, Sat. 7, 207:

Move; like Comp. note, O.

9. Cyllenea;

"Metuens virgae jam grandis Achilles Cantabat patriis in montibus."

13. Assaraci. The father of Tros, and the grandfather of Anchi So Homer, Il. 20, 232. — 15. Certo subtemine. By the certain thread of destiny. See note, O. iii., 4, 15.

ses.

EPODE XIV.

As in the Eleventh Epode, he poet here declares that the cruel force of lows an keeps him in bondage, that he cannot keep his poetical engagements.

8. Ad umbilicum, means here, to an end. Umbilicus was the name of the extreme end of the cylinder or stick upon which an ancient book was rolled.-See Rich's Companion, under the word, and Dict. Antiqq. under Liber. - -9. Bathyllo. On the case, see notes, O. iii., 9, 5; iv., 9, 13.- -12. Non-pedem. To no elaborate measure.. 14. Ilion.

See n. O, iv., 9, 18.

EPODE XV.

The poo: laments the inconstancy of Neaera.

4. In verba jurabas. Borrowed from the form of a military oath. The soldiers swore in verba consulis, or imperatoris.· -5. Atque. In stead of the usual quam. See Hark. Lat. Gram. 417, 1; Z. § 340, Note, at the end. - -7. Infestus. See note, above, in Epod. 10, 10.- -11. Mea virtute. This means on my account, per me. Orelli thus gives the sense: omnes vires meas in id intendam, ut perfidiae tuae te vehementer poeniteat."- 15. Nee semel. Nor will his purpose yield to the beauy that has once become offensive. -19. Licebit. See note, O. i., 28, 35,

66

-21. Renati. Alluding to Pythagoras's doctrine of the transmigraion of souls. Comp. O. i., 28, 10.

EPODE XVI.

Turning away with pain and disgust from the renewal of civil strife, the poet visits m fancy the Fortunate Isles; and dwelling with delight upon those scenes of peace and joy, bids the Romans hasten away from their distracted, unhappy country, and seek an endur. ing home in those blest abodes.

The ode seems to have been written at the same time, and to refer to the same events, as Epode Seventh.

1. Altera aetas. A second generation. Second, in reference to the civil war of Sylla and Marius, which commenced B. c. 88. The battle of Actium was fought fifty-six years after, in B. c. 32; so that if we take thirty years for a generation, there remain but four years to the completion of the second aetas, and the poet's words are literally correct. -2. Suis et ipsa. The prose construction would be suis ipsius. Dillenb. -3. Marsi. Alluding to the Marsic war. See note, O. iii., 14, 18. - -4. Porsenae. All the modern writers of Roman history agree with Niebuhr, that Rome was conquered by Porsena. Tacitus speaks explicitly of the surrender of the city, dedita urbe, Hist. 8, 72. See Arnold's Hist. c. 8; Schmitz's, p. 70.- 5. Capuae. After the battle of Cannae, Capua aspired to the sovereignty of Italy. Livy has an admirable description of this city in Book 23, 6. Cicero has a memorable passage in Leges Agrar. 2, 32: Majores tres solum urbes in erris omnibus, Carthaginem, Corinthum, Capuam statuerunt posse imperii gravitatem ac nomen sustinere.—Spartacus. See note, O. iii., 14, 19. 6. Allobrox. The Allobroges lived in Gaul, in what is now Savoy and

Piedmont and a part of Dauphiné. They were reduced to the Roman power by Fabius Maximus. - -7. Germania. Probably the Cimbri and Teutoni, conquered by Marius and Catulus, B. c. 101. All writers agree in applying the epithet caerulea, blue-eyed, to the Germans. So Tac. Germ. 4; Juv. 13, 164. - - 8. Abominatus. Passive. Hated by parents; as Liv. 31, 12, 8; and detestata, O. i., 1, 24. 13. Ossa Quirini. Disregarding the tradition that Romulus was caught up into heaven, he seems here to describe his bones as sacredly defended in a sepulchre from the winds and the sun. Orelli, however, thinks that the poet means to describe Romulus as the ideal representative of the Romans, and that he really refers to the bones of the citizens thus rudely scattered around, in the city's desolation. 15. Forte quid. The particle si is here omitted, as in Sat. ii., 5, 74; Epist. i., 6, 56. The order is: "si forte quaeritis communiter (omnes) aut melior pars (comp. 1. 37) quid expediat carere malis laboribus." Dillenb.-Carere depends upon expediat; what is expedient to get rid of, i. e. in order to get rid of.

- 17. Phocaeorum. The Phocaeans, of Ionia, fled in exile from their city, rather than submit to Harpagus, the general of Cyrus. - 18. Exsecrata. Having bound themselves by solemn oath. 25. Saxa renarint. Simul means as soon as. The Phocaeans threw a mass of iron into the water, and swore that they would not come back till it rose again, and swam upon the surface. 28. Matina. The Padus was in the north of Italy, and Mt. Matinus in Apulia. 35. Haec; governed by exsecrata; having taken such oaths as these.. 41. Circumvagus. Flowing around the earth; in accordance with the ancient idea that the earth was a plain, and the ocean, like a river, flowed around it. Divites-insulas. To these the poet has alluded in O. iv., 8, 27, where see note. This charming description of those ideal abodes of perfect peace and joy is in accordance with the pictures of Elysium in Homer, Od. 4, 561-69; and in Virgil, Aen. 6, 638, seqq. -46. Pulla;=matura, ripe. Suam in opposition to a grafted tree. 48. Levis. As an old commentator observed, the very verse here echoes the murmur of the eaping stream. "Eleganter ipso versu susurrum aquae desilientis imitatus est." Comm. Cruqs. 50. Refertque, etc. So Virgil, Ecl. 4, 21:

"Ipsae laete domum referent distenta capellae
Ubera-,"

-42.

53. Ut--radat. After mirabimur, though mirari is ordinarily construed with quod and the Indic. or Subj. See note, O. iii., 4, 17, and Z. 629, Note. 57. Non huc, etc. None come hither, from sordid motives of commerce and traffic. Of which there is a three-fold illustra tion, the ship Argo with Medea, the trading Phoenicians, and Ulysses

65. Quorum; i e as easily deduced from what immediately pre