works are Lectures on Burke (1868), Spain in the Eighteenth Century, Lectures on various subjects in Ancient and Modern History (1858), and a translation of Schlegel's Philosophy of History.

Robertson, JAMES CRAIGIE (b. 1813, d. 1882), was Professor of Ecclesiastical History at King's College, London. Among his works are Lectures on the Growth of Papacy (1875), Sketches of Church History (1855-78), and A Biography of Thomas Becket (1859). He edited the valuable Chronicles and Memorials of Thomas Becket for the Rolls Series.

Sandhurst, WILLIAM ROSE MANSFIELD, LORD (b. 1819, d. 1876), entered the army in 1835. In 1845 he was in the Sutlej campaign, and acted as aide-de-camp to Lord Gough. In 1855 he became military attaché at Constantinople. In 1857 he went to India, and was chief of the staff during the Mutiny, and served throughout the operations. He received the thanks of Parliament, and was made a K.C.B. in 1859. In 1865 he became commander-in-chief in India. In 1871 he was raised to the peerage.

Soudan, THE EXPEDITION TO THE (1884). At the close of 1883 the vast dominions of Egypt in the Soudan were in a state of complete revolt. An Egyptian army commanded by an English officer, Colonel Hicks, had been destroyed, and the Egyptian garrisons on the Red Sea littoral, and in the interior, were closely besieged. A body of Egyptian police and gendarmerie sent out to effect the relief of the towns near the Red Sea, under Baker Pasha, was almost annihilated at El Teb, in the neighbourhood of Suakim. England, having been in military occupation of Egypt since the summer of 1882, felt called upon to despatch a force to Suakim. About 4,000 English troops under General Graham were sent, and engaged the natives at El Teb (Feb. 29) and Tamanieb (March 13), defeating them with great slaughter. Leaving Suakim guarded by gun-boats and a small force, the English army retired almost immediately after these battles. With a view to assisting the Egyptian garrisons who were besieged in the interior of the Soudan, Major-General Gordon was sent out (Jan., 1884), to effect the withdrawal of the troops and inhabitants. He penetrated to Khartoum, but was himself hemmed in there, and in Sept., 1884, it became necessary to despatch an English army, under Lord Wolseley, to his assistance.

Stratford de Redcliffe, STRATFORD CANNING, VISCOUNT (b. 1786, d. 1880), was the cousin of George Canning. In 1809 he became secretary of embassy at Constantinople, and was minister plenipotentiary from 1810 to 1812. In 1814 he was sent as ambassador to Switzerland, and took some part in the revision of the Swiss constitution. From 1820 to 1823 he was minister at Washington, and in 1825 again at Constanti

nople. After the conclusion of the war with Turkey, he was sent in 1831 on a special mission to the Porte to settle the boundaries of the new kingdom of Greece. For nine years he held no diplomatic post, but entered Parliament and supported Sir Robert Peel. In the year 1841, he was for the third time sent as ambassador to Constantinople, where he remained seventeen years, exercising considerable influence in Eastern questions, and largely contributing to determine the policy of England against Russia. He resigned his office in 1858, and never again held any public post. He had been created a viscount in 1852.

Wolseley, GENERAL GARNET JOSEPH, LORD, son of Major Wolseley, was born in 1833, served in the Burmese (1852-53) and Crimean Wars, in the Indian Mutiny and the Chinese War. In 1867, he was appointed to the command of the Red River Expedition, and in 1873, as major-general, commanded the troops in the Ashantee War. Upon his return, General Wolseley was thanked by Parliament, and a grant conferred upon him. In 1875 he was sent to administer Natal, and in 1876 became a member of the Council of India. In 1878 he was appointed High Commissioner in Cyprus, and in 1879 returned to Natal as governor, and reduced Secocoeni to submission. In 1882 he commanded the Egyptian expedition, won the victory of Tel-el-Kebir, and was rewarded by a barony. In Sept., 1884, he was appointed to lead an expedition to Khartoum for the relief of General Gordon.

Zululand. In January, 1879, a war broke out between the British and the Zulu king, Cetewayo, owing to the refusal of the latter to make reparation for the raids by his subjects upon Natal. A British force under Lord Chelmsford crossed the frontier, but was surprised and attacked at Isandhlwana (Jan. 22, 1879), and defeated with the slaughter of several hundred British troops. The war was continued, and on July 4, 1880, Cetewayo was completely defeated at Ulundi, was taken prisoner by the English, and was sent to Capetown. Zululand was divided into a number of small principalities under the native chiefs, and a "Reserve" territory on the borders of Natal, with a British Resident to watch over the country, was instituted. In 1883 Cetewayo was allowed to visit England, and subsequently was replaced (Jan. 26, 1883) in possession of a large part of his dominions. The result, after some months of continual fighting between Cetewayo and the most powerful of his rivals, Usibepu, was that Cetewayo was driven from his throne (July, 1883), and soon afterwards died (Feb. 8, 1884). Zululand remained in a state of considerable disorder, owing to civil war among the chiefs, aided by adventurers from the Transvaal.

827, a

Banda, Occupation of, Java, 625, a
Bangor, See of, Bishoprics, 163, a
Bank Charter Acts, Banking, 124, b
Barcelona, Spanish Succession, 962, a
Bardolf, Lord, Bramham Moor, 182, a
Bardsey, Abbot of, Abbot, 2, a

Barnard, Sir Henry, Indian Mutiny,
597, a, b

Barons of the Exchequer, Exchequer,
444, a

Barry, Gerald de, Giraldus Cambrensis,
501, b

Basalut Jung. Guntoor Circar, 522, a
Basel, Peace of, Prussia, 840, b

French Revolution,

War of the, 478, b

Basing, Battle at, Alfred, 30, b

Bath, See of, Bishopric, 163, a
Battle of the Books, Swift, 986, a
Baum, Colonel, Bennington, 152, a
Bawbee, Coinage, 284, a

Beaton's Mill, James III., King of
Scotland, 621, a

Beauchamp, William, Abergavenny,
Peerage of, 4, a

Bec, Monastery of. Anselm, 60, 61
Bedell, Beadle, 139, b

Beggars, Poor Laws, 825, b

Begums of Oude, Sheridan, 904, a

Bell, Dr., Education in England, 407, b
Bellasis, Sir John, Selby, 930, a
Bellingham, Perceval, $15, a
Bell-the-Cat, Angus, 5th Earl of, 53, b
Benen, St., Brehon, 184, a

Bennet, Henry, Arlington, 73, a
Beorhtric, Bertric, 155, a
Beornred, Offa, 779, b

Beortric, King of Wessex, Edburga,
403, a

Bercta, Queen, Bertha, Queen, 154, b
Bericus, Prince of the Iceni, Iceni,
588, a

Berkshire, Peerage of, Abingdon,
Peerage of, 4, b

Berlin Decree, Orders in Council,
784, a

French

War of the, 480, a
Bernadotte, Sweden, 985, b

Revolution,

Bertha, Queen, Ethelbert, King of Kent,
440, b

Bertie, James, Abingdon, Peerage of,

5, a

Bertric, King, Wesser, 1063, b
Bezants, Coinage, 283, a

Bhagerat, Rao Scindia, Scindia,
918, a

Big Beggarman, O'Connell, 777, b
Biscop, Benedict, Architecture, 68, a
Bishops' Bible, Bible, 158, a
Black Monday, Dublin, 37, a
Blackall, Bishop, Harley, Robert, 536, a
Blanche of Castile, Spain, 958, a
Blaney, Lord, Benburb, Battle of,
149, b

Bleddyn, Wales, 1044, b
Blockade, Neutrality, 753, b

Blois, Charles of, Hundred Years' War,
583, a

Blois, William of, Lancaster, Duchy
of, 660, a

Blondian, Blondel, 170, a

Blucher, Waterloo, 1056, a

Bo-aire, Ireland, 605, a

Bodenham, Hundred of, Chiltern Hun-

dreds, 259, b

Boers, South African Colonies, 955, b
Boetius, Bocce, 171, a

Boleyn, Sir Thomas, Boleyn, Anne,

Bourchier, Sir Robert, Edward III.,

415, a

Bowes, Marjory, Knox, John, 657, a
Boyd, Sir R., Arran, Peerage of, 77, a
Boyle, Henry, Carleton, Baron, 228, b
Boyle, Mr., Arrah, Defence of, 76, b
Boyle, Richard, Cork, 1st Earl of,
813, b

Brackenbury, Sir R., Edward V.,
417, b

Bradlaugh, Mr. C., Members of Parlia
ment, 726, b

tary, 775, b

Oaths, Parliamen-

Brandenburg, Prussia, 840, a
Brasenose College, Oxford, Universi-
ties, 1027, b

Breakspeare, Nicholas, Adrian IV.,
12, b

Brechin, Battle of, Huntly, Alexan-
der, 1st Earl of, 585, b

Brereton, Colonel, Bristol Riots, 191, b
Brethom, Brehon, 183, b
Breviary, Prayer Book, 33, b
Brian Boru, Munster, 744, a
Briefs, Papal, Bulls, Papal, 201, a
Brig-bot, Pontage, 825, a

Briset, Jordan, Hospitallers, 576, a
Bristol. See of, Bishopric, 163, a
Brito, Richard, Becket, 144, a
Broad Bottom Administration, George
II., 494, b
Broadhead, Sheffield Outrages, 940, a
Broads, Coinage, 283, b

Broc, Ranulf de, Becket, 144 a
Broglie, Duc de, Minden, 732, b
Brooke, Sir James, Labuan, 658, a
Brooke, William, Cobham, Lord, 281, a
Brown, Colonel, Delhi, Siege of 1804),
364, a

Brown, Robert, Brownists, 195, b
Brude MacBile, Orkney and Shetland,
785, a

Picts, $19, b

Brude, Son of Derili, Picts, 819, b
Brude, Son of Fergus, Picts, 820, a
Brude, Son of Mailcon, Picts, 819, b
Brude, Son of Wid, Picts, 819, b
Brueys, Admiral, Nile, Battle of the,
758, a

Brunswick, Electorate of, Hanover,
House of, 531, b

Brunswick, House of, Hanover, House
of, 531, b

Brus, De, Bruce, Family of, 195, b
Brute, Brutus, 197, a

Brydges, Sir John, Chandos of Sudeley,

Burghley, Burleigh, 206, b
Burghred. Alfred, 30, b

Burgo, Edward de, Ireland, 606, a
Burgo, William de, Ireland, 606, a
Burgundy, Charles the Bold, Duke of,

Burgundy, Relations with, 204, b
Burgundy, John the Fearless, Duke
of, Henry V, King, 553, a
Burgundy, Philip the Good, Duke of,
Henry V., King, 553, a
Burials Act, Nonconformists, 761, a
Burke, Mr., Under-Secretary for Ire-
land, Ireland, 610, b
Burh. Towns, 1004, b

Burnes, Sir Alexander, Afghan Wars,
15, a

Burney, Frances, D'Arblay, Madame,
356, a

Burr, Colonel, Khirkee, Battle of
643, a

Burrows, General, Afghan Wars,
16, a

Bushire, Persian War, 816, a

Butler, Lady Eleanor, Edward V.,
417, b

C

Cadogan, General, Wynendaal, 1092, a
Cadzów, Hamilton, 527, a
Caer Gloui, Gloucester, 504, b
Cæsar, Romans in Britain, 890, a
Cæsar, Title of assumed by English
Kings, Dunstan, St., 393, b
Cahors, Bishopric of, Abbeville, Treaty
of, 1, a

Cairnech, St., Brehon, 184, a
Cait, Son of Cinge, Caithness, 217, b
Caithness, Kingdom of, Highlands,
567, a

Caius College, Cambridge, Univer-
sities, 1028, a

Calais, Council of, Councils, Ciri,
321, b

Calenberg, Dukedom of, Hanover,
House of, 531, b

Calixtus II Pope, Papacy, 796, b
Calvin, Reformation, 560 a

Calvinism, Lambeth Articles, 660, a
Cambrai, League of, Spring cần đó
Cambridge University, Universities,

, Britons, 193, a

Cavagnari, Sir L. Afghan Wars.
15, b

Cavendish, Charles, Grantham, The
Fight of, 513, b

Cavendish, Lord Frederick, Ireland,
610, b

Ceadwalla, King, Wesser, 1063, &
Ceawlin, King, Wessez, 1063, A
Cecil, Lord William, Burleigh, 206, b
Ceile, Ireland, 605, a'

Cellier, Mrs., Meal-Tub Plot, 723, b
Cenimagni, The, Britons, 193, a
Cenred, King, Mercia, 72, b
Centenarii, Abbot, 1, b

Centurion, The, Anson, 61, a
Centwine, King, Wesser, 1063, b
Cenweath, King, Wesser, 1963, b
Cenwulf, King of Mercia, Mercia,
728, b

Ceolred, King of Mercia, Mercia,
728, b

Ceolric, King of Wessex, Wesser,

407, a

Chatelherault, Duke of, Arran, 2nd
Earl of, 77, a

Chefoo Convention, China, 260, b
Chelt, Battle of the, Gelt, Battle of
the, 490, a
Chesapeake

and Shannon, Action
between the, American War,
43, a

Chesapeake, Neutrality, 753, a
Chester, See of, Bishopric, 163, a
Chevy Chase, Otterbourne, 789, b
Chiminagium (or Cart-tax), Forests,
468, b

Chimney Money, Hearth Money, 543, b
Chinese Wars, China, 260, a, b
Chouans, Quiberon, 849, a
Choute, Kurdiah, 657, b

Christ Church, Oxford, Universities,
1027, b

Christe's Kirk on the Green, James I.,
King of Scotland, 620, b

Christian, Bishop of Lismore, Irish
Church, 612, b

Christina of Spain, Spain, Relations
with, 950, a

Christina of Sweden, Sweden, Relations
with, 985, a

Christ's Hospital, Education in Eng-
land, 407, a

Christ's College, Cambridge, Univer-
sities, 1028, a

Chronicles and Memorials of Great

Britain and Ireland, Rolls Series,
889, a

Church Discipline Act, Clergy, 276, b
Church, Sir Richard, Greece, Relations

with, 515, a

gibbon, John, 459, b

Clare, Richard de.

Richard de, 460, a

Fitz-Gilbert,

Clarence, Lionel, Duke of, York,
House of, 1094, a

Clarence, William, Duke of, William
IV., 1079, b

Clarke, Mrs., York, 1095, b
Clarke, Sir Alured, India, 596, b
Claudius, Romans in Britain, 800, a
Clausel, Peninsular War, 812, a
Claypole, John, Cromwell, Elizabeth,
336, a

Clement III., Pope, Papacy, 798, b
Clerical Disabilities Act, Clergy,
276, b

Clifford, Sir Robert, Stanley, 968, a
Clito, William, Brenneville, 184, b
Clontarf, Battle of, Brian Boru,

Cond, King of Meath, Ireland, 604, a
Condé, William III, 1077, a
Conduct of the Allies, Swift, 986, a
Conn, King, Munster, 743, b
Conqueror, Title of, William L., 1075, a
Conry, Fearfeafa, Four Masters, The
Chronicle of the, 471, b

Conry, Maurice, Four Masters, The
Chronicle of the, 471. b
Conservatives, Tories, 1002, b
Consistory Court, Ecclesiastical Juris-
diction, 401, b

Consolidated Fund, National Debt,
748, a

Constable of the Vill, Constable, 305, a
Constables of the Hundred, Constable,
304, b

Constables, Special, Constable, 305, a
Constantin, King of Alban, Alban,

23, a

Association, Bridge

Street Gung, 188, a

Consuls-General, Consuls, 306, b

Contraband of War, Neutrality, 753, b
Convention Bill, Catholic Association,
236, b

Coppenger, Hackett, William, 523, b
Coritavi, Britons, 193 a

Cormac, King of Erinn, Education in
Ireland, 408, a

Cormac, MacCullinan, Munster, 744, a
Cornarii, Britons, 193, a

Cornulii, Cornarii, 313, b
Coroner's Jury, Jury, 633, b

Corporation Act, Church of England,
264, b, 265, a

Corporations Aggregate, Corporations,
317, a

Corpus Christi College, Cambridge,
Universities,.1028, a

Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Uni-
versities, 1027, b
Corsned, Ordeal, 783, b
Cottars, Villenage, 1037, b
Cottiers, Manor, 78, a

Cottier System, Tenant-Right, 994, a
Cotton, Stapleton, Combermere, Vis-
count, 290, a

Coucy, Ingebrand de, Isabella, Dangh-
ter of Edward III., 615, a
Council, Feudal, Councils, Civil, 319, b
Council, Great, Councils, Civil, 319, a
Council, Royal, Councils, Civil, 320, a
Council of Officers, Cromwell, Oliver,
338, a

Councillors, Town, Towns, 1006, a
Councils, Archidiaconal, Councils,
Ecclesiastical, 523, a

Cronan, Crinan, 335, b

Crook Hall, Lingard, 684, a
Crouchback, Lancaster,

Crouchback, Earl of, 661, b
Lancaster, 600, a

Edmund

Crowland Chronicle, Ingulphus, 340, b
Crown Agents, Colonies, 287, b
Crown Colonies, Colonies, 287, a
Croyland, Crowland, 340, b

Cuesta, General, Talavera, 988, a
Cunobelin, Cymbeline, 349, a
Curthose, Robert, Duke of Normandy,
883, b

Curwen, Mr., M.P., Bribery, 187, b
Customs (Unwritten Laws), Common
Law, 295, a

Custos Maris, Admiral, The Lord
High, 10, b

Custos Pacis, Conservators of the
Peace, 33, b

Cuthbert, Bishop, Bishopric, The,
163, b

Cutbred, King, Wessex, 1063, b
Cuttack, Cession of, Drogaum, Treaty
of, 366, b

Cymry, Celts, 240, a
Cymry, Wales, 1043, a

Cynegils, King, Wesser, 1063, b
Cynewulf, King, Wesser, 1063, b
Cynric, King, Wessex, 1062, b

Denalagu, Danelagh, 352, a
Denization, Aliens, 33, b

Dennie, Colonel, Ghuzni, The Siege
of, 499, b

Dereham, Deorham, 366, b

Desborough, Hundred of, Chiltern
Hundreds, 259, b

De Situ Terra Sanctæ, Adamnan,
St., 7, a

Devereux, Walter, Essex, 1st Earl of
437, a

De Witt, John, William III., 1077, a
Diarmid, Abbot of Lona, Iona, 604, a
Dictum of Kenilworth, Barons' War,
133, a

Digby, John, Baron, Bristol, 1st Earl of,
190, b

Dighton, John, Edward V., 417, b
Diocletian,

891, a

Romans in Britain,

Directory of Public Worship, West-
minster Assembly, 1065, a
Disarming Act, Wade, 1941, b
Disarming Act, Penal Code, 809, b
Disinherited, The, Barons' War,
132, b

D'Israeli, Benjamin, Beaconsfield,
138, b

Dissenters' Marriage Bill, Marriage
Laws, 716, a

Dobuni, Britons, 193, a

Doctor Profundus,

Thomas, 181, b

Bradwardine,

Dogs, Taxes on, Taxation, 992, a

Dollar, Battle at, Constantine, Son of

Kenneth, 305, b

Dominion, Doctrine of,

1090, b

Wycliffe,

Don Antonio, Portugal, 831, a
Donald Brec, King, Calathros, 218, a
Donald, King of Alban, Alban, 22, b
Don Miguel, Portugal, 831, b
Doodpoutra, Bhawulpore, 156, b
Dorchester, See of, Bishopric, 163, a
Dort, Synod of, Arminians, 75, a, b
Dost Mahomed, Afghan Wars, 15, a
Dowlut Rao Scindia, Scindia, 918, a
Downing College, Cambridge, Univer-
sities, 1028, b

Draper, Sir William, Junius, The
Letters of, 632, b

Drapier's Letters, Swift, 986, a
Drawbacks, Customs, 348, a
Drest, Picts, 820, a
Drumalban, Picts, 819, a

Drummossie Moor, Culloden, 343, b
Drust, Son of Derili, Picts, 819, b
Drust, Picts, 820, a

Dubh, King of Alban, Alban, 23, a
Indulph, King

of Alban, 958, b

Dublin, Marquis of,

Dubois, Abbe, Stanhope, quis, 716, b

967, b

Du Casse, Benbow, Admiral, 149, a
Duddington, Lieutenant,

Schooner, 489, a

Gaspee

Eadgifu, Daughter of Edward the
Elder, Edward the Elder, 410, b
Eadgyth, Edith, 405, a
Eadhild, Daughter of Edward the
Elder, Edward the Elder, 410, b
Eadmund, Edmund, 405, a, b, 406, a
Eadred, Edred, 406, a

Eadric, Edric, 406, a
Eadward, Edward, 410, a, b
Eadwig, Edwig, 419, b
Eadwine, Edwin, 419, a
Ealdfrith, Aldfrid, 27, b

Ealdorman, Alderman, 26, b, 267, a, b
Eardwulf, Ardwulf, 70, b
Ealdwulf, King of the East Angles,
East Anglia, 398, a
Ealhred, Alred, 38, b

East London, South African Colonies,
955, b

Eata, Abbot of Lindisfarne, Cuthbert,
St., 348, b

Eber, Munster, 743, b
Eblana, Dublin, 387, a
Ecclesiastical Polity, Hooker, Richard,
575, a

Ecgfrith, Egfred, 420, a

Eden, Sir Robert, Auckland, 1st Lord,
98, a

Edinburgh Review, Jeffrey, Francis,
Lord, 625, b

Edinburgh University, Edinburgh,
405, a

1028, b

Edington, Alfred, 31, a
Edwardes, Lieutenant, Moolraj, 740, a
Effingham, Peerage of, Howard,

Family of, 577, b
Egbertstone, Alfred, 31, a

Egferth, King of Mercia, Mercia,
728, b

Egmont, Count, Gravelines, The Battle
of, 514, b

Egric, King of the East Angles, East
Anglia, 398, a

Egyptians, Gipsies, 501, a

Eikon Basilike, Ikon Basilike, 588, b
Eikonoklastes, Ikon Basilike, 588, b
El Dorado, Raleigh, 850, b
Elcho, Lord, Adullamites, 13, a
Electors, Elections, Parliamentary,

423, ዐ

Eleuthera, Bahamas, 45, a

Eleven Articles, Articles of Religion,

80, b

Elfgiva, Agatha, 16, a

Elfrida, Edgar, King, 403, b

Elfwin, Daughter of Ethelfleda, Ethel-
fleda, 441, b

Elgiva of Northampton, Harold I.,
536, b

Ellandune, Battle of, Anglo-Saxon
Kingdoms, 52, b

Elliot, George Augustus, Heathfield,
Baron, 544, a

Elmham, See of, Bishopric, 163, a
East Anglia, 397, b

Ely, Bishopric of, Henry I., King,
548, b

Emigration Commission, Emigration,
430, b

Emmanuel College, Cambridge, Uni-
versities, 1028, b

Emperor of Britain, Empire, Relations
with, 431, b

Empress of India, Titles, Royal,

1001, b

Evers, Sir Ralph, Jedburgh, 625, a
Evesham, Abbot of, Abbot, 2, a
Examiner, Hunt, Leigh, 584, b
Examiner, Swift, 986, a
Exanceaster, Exeter, 445, b

Exeter, Bishopric of, Exeter, 446, a
Exeter College, Oxford, Universities,
1027, a

Exeter, Dukedom of, Exeter, Peerage
of, 446, a

Exeter, Earldom of, Exeter, Peerage
of, 446, a

Exeter, Marquisate of, Exeter, Peerage
of, 446, a

Extraordinary Aids, Aid, 21, a
Eylau, Battle of. French Revolution,
War of the, 479, b

Eyre, Major Vincent, Arrah, Defence
of, 77, a

Eyre, Mr., Governor of Jamaica,
Jamaica, 619, b