ticed to a tobacconist, at Manchester, but subsequently came to London, and became a clerk in the counting-house of Messrs. Hawson and Ansley, merchants. He quitted these gentlemen to study painting and sculpture, and was assisted and encouraged in his pursuits by his late employers, who furnished him with money, and treated him, in other respects, with great kindness and liberality. In September, 1777, he was admitted a student at the Royal Academy, where he gained the silver medal in 1783, and, in the following year, the gold medal, for a historical picture. He also gained a prize from the Society of Arts. He seems to have been a great favourite with the other students; for when the gold medal was awarded to him, they carried him down stairs in triumph, and rushing with him upon their shoulders into the quadrangle of Somerset House, shouted out "Procter! Procter!" Upon hearing them, Barry exclaimed, with an oath, "The lads have caught the true spirit of the ancient Greeks." The chief pictures which he had painted, at this time, were, Adam and Eve, and The Approach of Venus to the Island of Cyprus. As a sculptor, he acquired great reputation at the Academy, by an admirable model of Ixion on the Wheel, and a fine model of Diomedes thrown to his Horses. The former was purchased by Sir Abraham Hume, but the size of the latter prevented it from being sold, in consequence of which, Procter, being unable to pay for a place to keep it in, actually knocked it to pieces. In 1794, he was chosen by the Academy as their student, to be sent to Rome, but no one could find him, to inform him of the appointment. He was at length discovered by Mr. West, in an

obscure lodging, and in a deplorable state of poverty, from which he was temporarily relieved by that benevolent artist; but before he was ready to start for Italy he was found dead in his bed. He died in his forty-first year, and was buried in Hampstead Church-yard. Procter's countenance indicated the genius and intelligence of his mind, which was well stored with classic reading. Mr. West ranked him with the firstrate modellers; but, as a painter, his merit seems to have been equivocal. He once sent an immense picture, on the subject of the druids, to Somerset House; but the academicians thought it so feeble a performance that they declined giving it accommodation. They all, however, thought highly of his abilities, and, unwilling to wound his feelings in the present instance, by the appearance of rejecting his picture, told him that it was too large to be admitted into any of their show-rooms. Nollekens said of his Ixion, "I don't see why Ixion should be made going round on the wheel with his eyes almost closed; I am sure I could not sleep under such torture." Nollekens really thought of Procter's merit is not very clear; for, in one place, Smith says, "As a painter, Mr. Northcote assured me he could not praise Procter; but, as a modeller, he spoke in the highest terms of his talents:" and, in another, "Mr. Nollekens used to say that Procter had less merit as a modeller than a painter." Mr. Westmacott, however, thought highly of Procter as a sculptor, and, in one of his lectures, exhibited his groupe of Pirithous, and Ixion on the wheel, expatiating upon them as works of true genius, and in every respect worthy the attention of the student in sculpture.

What

EDWARDS, (WILLIAM,) was born in the parish of Eglwysilan, in Glamorganshire, where his father kept a small farm, about the year 1719. His early education was confined to the Welsh language; he, subsequently, learned to read English from a blind man, with whom he lodged, at Cardiff, whilst employed in building an iron forge there. The first indications which he gave of his taste for architecture was in his fifteenth year, when he amused himself in repairing the stone fences of the country; which he executed in so superior a manner, that he began to be employed as a house builder. He was remarkable, at this period of his career, for the firmness and neatness of his masonry; the principles of which he is said to have formed upon a careful study of the remains of Caerphilly Castle, in his native parish. In his eighteenth year, he obtained from a neighbour some instruction in arithmetic; and, soon after, by erecting a mill, acquired his first knowledge of the principles of the arch. This enabled him to undertake, in 1746, the building of a bridge over the Taaf; which he finished, with three arches, in a style of elegance never before seen in that country. Unfortunately, however, a flood, of unusual height, swept the bridge away, not long after its completion; and having contracted to uphold his work for seven years, he was obliged to begin a new bridge; in which, says his biographer, he adopted the daring design, inspired by true genius, of throwing a single arch across the river, the span of which was one hundred and forty feet, and its altitude thirty-five feet; supposed, at that time, to be the widest arch in the world. He had only the parapets to finish, when the pressure of the heavy work over the haunches caused it to spring up in the middle, so as to force out the keystones; a disaster which he remedied by making three cylindrical apertures in the work above the haunches, which

reduced the weight so much, that future danger from the same cause was fully secured against; whilst the contrivance imparted to the bridge an additional air of elegance. The whole work was completed in 1755; and "has since stood the wonder of Wales." He was. soon after, employed to build several other bridges in South Wales, making new improvements as he proceeded, in accordance with his three leading principles of bridge architecture,—durability, free passage of the water under, and commodious passage for travellers over. In addition to these labours, which comprised, besides bridge architecture, the building of forges and smeltinghouses, for the numerous metallic works in that part of the country, he officiated, on Sundays, as a dissenting minister. His congregation rewarded him with a weekly salary; but his circumstances were such, that he was enabled to gratify his charitable desires by distri buting the whole of it among the poor. He died in 1789, leaving a large family, and highly respected for his talents, probity, and piety.

ADAM. (ROBERT,) was born at Kirkcaldy, in Fifeshire, in the year 1728. He was the son of an architect, and received his education at Edinburgh; whence he proceeded, for professional improvement, to Italy, and remained there for some years. In 1762, he was appointed architect to the king and queen; and, in 1764, published, in folio, the result of some researches he had made at the ruins of the Emperor Dioclesian's palace, at Spalatro, in Venetian Dalmatia. The work is enriched with seventy-one plates, all executed in the most masterly manner; and may be considered a worthy companion to Mr. Stuart's Athens, or Mr. Wood's Balbec and Palmyra. In 1768, Mr. Adam was elected member for the county of Kinross; in consequence of which he resigned his office of architect to their majesties. He had

been, for some time, employed, in conjunction with his brother, in embellishing many ancient mansions, and constructing modern ones; and, in 1773, they published a joint work, entitled, The Works in Architecture of Robert and James Adam, Esquires: No. I. containing part of the Design of Sion House, &c. In the preface, they remark, that with respect to the novelty and variety of the designs, they have not trod in the paths of others, nor derived aid from their labours. "In the works," they write," which we have had the honour to execute, we have not only met with the approbation of our employers, but even with the imitation of other artists, to such a degree, as, in some measure, to have brought about, in this country, a kind of revolution in the whole system of this useful and elegant art." This language is somewhat assuming; yet it has been confirmed by subsequent writers on the same subject. In 1774, appeared the second; in 1775, the third; and, in 1776, the fourth number, of their architectural works. Mr. Adam, who was a fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, died at his house, in Albemarle Street, London, on the 3rd of March, 1792, and was buried in Westminster Abbey; his pall being supported, at the funeral, by six noblemen. Among the many elegant public and private buildings erected by the subject of our memoir, were: the Adelphi; the improvements at Whitehall, Edinburgh, &c.; Lord Mansfield's villa, at Caenwood; Luton Park House, &c. &c. 66 Mr. Adam," says his biographer," introduced a total change in the architecture of his country; and his fertile genius in elegant ornament, was not confined to the decoration of buildings, but has been diffused into almost every branch of architecture. His talents extended beyond the line of his own profession: he displayed, in his numerous drawings in landscape, a luxuriance of composition, and an effect of light and shadow, which have scarce ever been equalled. To the last moment of his life, he displayed an increasing vigour of genius, and refinement of taste; for, in the space of one year, preceding his death, he designed eight great public works, besides twenty-five private buildings; so various

in their style, and so beautiful in their composition, that they have been allowed, by the best judges, sufficient of themselves to establish his fame unrivalled, as an artist."

EMLYN, (HENRY,) was born about the year 1730, and having adopted the profession of an architect, manifested such abilities, that he was employed by King George the Third, in the whole management of the architectural improvements in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. "To enter on a description," says his biographer, "of the chapel, in its present state, would far exceed the purpose of this small tribute to his memory. It may be better to excite a curiosity for visiting that chapel, by stating, that no edifice of the kind in Europe is, perhaps, equal to it in beauty. The taste and judgment, also, in preserving the harmony between the old and new parts of the building, have scarcely ever been equalled, and never have been excelled." Mr. Emlyn gives an account of a new order of architecture, of which he declared himself the inventor, in a work published in 1784, folio, with plates. This design consists of a double pillar, from a single pedestal, and originated from his observation of the twin trees; as the idea of the single pillars in the other orders has supposed to have been derived from the single trunks of other trees. Mr. Emlyn, who was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, died at Windsor, on the 10th of December, 1815, and was interred in St. George's Chapel.

MYLNE, (ROBERT,) was born in Edinburgh, on the 4th of January, 1733. His father was an architect and magistrate of his native city; and from him the subject of our memoir received the first part of his professional education. He afterwards visited Italy, where he became a member of the Academies of Rome, Florence, and Bologna; and, at the first place, gained the highest prize in the architectural class, at the Academy of St. Luke. On his return home, he commenced the practice of his profession; and, among other undertakings, engaged in the erection of Blackfriars Bridge; which was completed, according to his design, in 1765, and for the

very sum specified in his estimate, namely, £153,000. It was the first work of the kind executed in this country, in which arches approaching to the form of an ellipsis, were substituted for semicircles; by means of which the roadway is brought much nearer to a level surface than in bridges constructed on the old plan. In 1762, he was appointed engineer to the New River Company; and, in 1767, was chosen a fellow of the Royal Society. He was also appointed surveyor of St. Paul's Cathedral; and, after his death, which took place on the 5th of May, 1811, was himself buried there, near the tomb of Sir Christopher Wren.

DANCE, (GEORGE,) son of George Dance, Esq., architect of the present Mansion House, London, was born about the year 1740. Having been educated for the same profession, the subject of our memo r purchased, on the death of his father, in 1768, the office he had held, of clerk of the works to the city of London, and resigned it in 1816. Mr. Dance was early elected a royal academician; was one of the council from 1795 to 1797; and for many years professor of architecture to the Royal Academy, although he never lectured. He was appointed auditor in 1798; and continued to hold that situation until his death, which took place on the 14th of January, 1824.

GANDON, (JAMES,) was born about the year 1742; and, after having received a good education, became the pupil of Sir William Chambers, and inade rapid progress under that celebrated master. He was the first student who obtained the gold medal at Somerset House, for architecture; and acquired considerable reputation in his profession, by various buildings, both in England and Ireland. At Dublin, he constructed the magnificent Custom House. the four courts, King's Inn, and the portico to the Bank (formerly the House of Lords), all of which display much classic beauty and originality. "Few architects," says his biographer, "have been more fortunate in being employed on so many important public works, or more successful in availing

themselves of the opportunities offered them; for almost every one of his buildings are eminently beautiful, combining much picturesque effect, with correct taste." Besides the buildings above-mentioned, he was the architect of the Court House, Nottingham, and the Court House, at Waterford. He also acquired great reputation as an author, by his publication of Vitruvius Britannicus; to which, in conjunction with Mr. Woolfe, he added two supplementary volumes. He was a fellow of the Antiquarian Society, and of the Royal Irish Academy; and died at Cannonbrook, near Lucan, Ireland, on the 29th of January, 1824.

HARRISON, (THOMAS,) was born at Richmond, in Yorkshire, in the year 1744. Having shewn a taste for drawing, he went to Rome, about the year 1769, where he studied with great success for several years. Some designs which he made for the embellishments of the square of Santa Maria del Popolo, were particularly admired, and obtained him, from the hands of Pope Ganganelli, a gold and silver medal. and admission into the Academy of St. Luke, by a special order. Mr. Harrison returned to England in 1766. and was soon after employed in building a bridge over the Lune, at Lancaster, consisting of five arches, being the first level bridge constructed in this country. He also designed and executed the improvements and alterations in Lancaster Castle, rebuilt the gaol, and county courts of Chester, and gave designs or the new bridge across the Dee, to be formed of one arch of two hundred feet span. His other principal works are, the column at Shrewsbury, erected in honour of Lord Hill; the triumphal arch at Holyhead, built to commemorate the king's landing there; the jubilee tower upon Moel Famma, to commemorate the fifty years of the reign of George the Third; The Athenæum, and St. Nicholas's Tower, in Liverpool; and the Theatre and Exchange buildings in Manchester. He also designed several noblemen's houses; and among others, Brome Hall, the residence of the Earl of Elgin. Mr. Harrison died at Chester, on the 29th o: March, 1829.