us;

these deities represented more than they may seem to do to there was something in them more than an inanimate statue; that statue was the representation of something the imagination pictured. Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and the like, were only the expression of some abstract power or thought visibly represented. With some it took a different form. Life seems to have been the sacred thing with the Egyptians, and so they worshipped "life" through that which had possessed life. The Greek seemed longing for perfect beauty as an object of worship; he surrounded himself with the beautiful; and, perhaps, that altar to the unknown God, in Athens, was there because no image could be conceived satisfying the condition of perfect beauty. Much of this has passed away. We no longer express our ideas of God by inanimate images, or build temples in their honour: but still the imaginative power expresses itself in other ways—in symmetrical architecture, beautiful painting, sublime poetry. And the feeling produced by these is sometimes taken for a religious feeling, though it is no more akin to true religious feeling, which realises God in Christ, than the feeling of the heathen as he entered his idol's temple; for symmetrical architecture, beautiful painting, sublime poetry, as well as the idol and his temple, are but creations of the imagination, and in the unsanctified man have nothing to do with God further than our instincts have to do with Him as the common Father of all. Therefore, it is quite possible to worship in a gorgeous cathedral, with the best of music, and surrounded with wonders of art, with no other religious feeling than that which possessed the heathen kneeling in his idol's temple in olden time. These things by the sanctified heart may be consecrated to God's service, but they cannot of themselves, since they are only the creations of the imagination, produce a religious feeling; and those who take the feeling produced by them for a religious feeling, fall into a great mistake. Their worship is the worship of nature. Full of refinement, of taste, of imagination, it may be, but still the worship of the unsanctified heart, and coming no nearer to God than that of the heathen who never heard of Christ. Such persons, under different conditions, with many advantages prompting to better things, worship with much the same feeling as that of the Greek and the Roman, who worshipped the creations of their imaginations before the light of Christianity broke

upon the world. And this mistake will be more manifest, if we consider that this feeling does not rise up to God as our Father in Christ, but only as the first great Cause of all things, approaching Him as our instincts and intellectual powers approach Him, through his attributes. We see this, as the most vivid imagination-the keenest perception of the beautiful in creation-the strongest and deepest feelings of our nature-exist where there is no recognition of God in Christ, but only an indistinct and deistical acknowledgment of God, as first Cause, and universal Creator. Take Lord Byron, as an example, for in him we have a combination of these things, but there is no feeling towards God in Christ. He walks abroad, and the earth to him is not what it is to another man. It is full of beauty on every side. The sky, the clouds, the sea, the forest, the river, speak a language his spirit can understand, and make it almost too elastic for the earth. Whether he is watching the sun set or the sun rise-whether he is standing on the lone mountain or on the sea-shore-whether he is watching the moon climbing in her glory, or reading the "Poetry of Heaven," written on the dark still night-it is all the same; there is the voice of nature speaking to his innermost soul and making it glad. Let us take some passages from his works, and see how he speaks: they shall be chiefly from Childe Harold.

CANTO III. STANZA XIII.

Where rose the mountains, there to him were friends;
Where roll'd the ocean, thereon was his home;

Where a blue sky and glowing clime extends,
He had the passion and the power to roam;
The desert, forest, cavern, breakers' foam,
Were unto him companionship; they spake

A mutual language, clearer than the tome
Of his land's tongue, which he would oft forsake
For Nature's pages, glass'd by sunbeams on the lake.

XIV.

Like the Chaldean, he could watch the stars,
Till he had peopled them with beings bright
As their own beams; and earth, and earth-born jars,
And human frailties, were forgotten quite :
Could he have kept his spirit to that flight
He had been happy; but this clay will sink
Its spark immortal, envying it the light

To which it mounts, as if to break the link

That keeps it from yon heav'n which woos us to its brink.

LXII.

But these recede. Above me are the Alps,
The palaces of Nature, whose vast walls
Have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps,
And throned Eternity in icy halls

Of cold sublimity, where forms and falls
The avalanche-the thunderbolt of snow!
All that expands the spirit, yet appals,
Gather around these summits, as to show

How Earth may pierce to Heav'n, yet leave vain man below. Turn again to his description of Morning:

CANTO III. STANZA XCVIII.

The morn is up again, the dewy morn,

With breath all incense, and with cheek all bloom,
Laughing the clouds away with playful scorn,

And living as if earth contained no tomb-
And glowing into day: we may resume

The march of our existence: and thus I,

Still on thy shores, fair Leman! may find room

And food for meditation, nor pass by

Much that may give us pause, if ponder'd fittingly.

This stanza reminds me of a joyous morning in Switzerland: I was on my way to Kandersteg, at the foot of the pass of the Gemmi; the road lay along the high ground on the side of a delightful valley winding up to the pass; the sun had risen about an hour, and his light was glittering through the trees; the little clouds, formed from the mists below, were creeping up the mountain sides, and, reaching the summit, let go their hold, and sailed away into the eternal blue, and all was fresh and bright and glad. In the midst of all this, I met an open carriage containing a lady and gentleman, both of them asleep; and I could not help wondering how they could sleep at such a time. Then look again at his description of night; both in calm and also

in storm:

CANTO III. STANZA LXXXVIII.

Ye stars! which are the poetry of heaven!

If in your bright leaves we would read the fate
Of men and empires-'tis to be forgiven,

That in our aspirations to be great,
Our destinies o'erleap their mortal state,
And claim a kindred with you; for ye are
A beauty and a mystery, and create
In us such love and reverence from afar,

That fortune, fame, power, life, have named themselves a star.

LXXXIX.

All heav'n and earth are still-though not in sleep,
But breathless, as we grow when feeling most;

And silent, as we stand in thoughts too deep.

All heav'n and earth are still. From the high host
Of stars, to the lull'd lake and mountain coast-
All is concentred in a life intense,

Where not a beam, nor air, nor leaf is lost,
But hath a part of being, and a sense

Of that which is of all Creator and defence,

XCII.

The sky is changed!—and such a change! Oh night,
And storm, and darkness, ye are wondrous strong,
Yet lovely in your strength, as is the light

Of a dark eye in woman! Far along,

From peak to peak, the rattling crags among,
Leaps the live thunder! Not from one lone cloud,
But every mountain now hath found a tongue,
And Jura answers, through her misty shroud,
Back to the joyous Alps, who call to her aloud!

XCIII.

And this is in the night-most glorious night!
Thou wert not made for slumber! let me be

A sharer of thy fierce and far delight-
A portion of the tempest and of thee!
How the lit lake shines, a phosphoric sea,
And the big rain comes dancing to the earth!

And now again, 'tis black-and now the glee

Of the loud hills shakes with its mountain mirth,
As if they did rejoice o'er a young earthquake's birth.

What an intensity of feeling all this produces, as expressed in

STANZA XCVII.

Could I embody and unbosom now

That which is most within me ;-could I wreak My thoughts upon expression, and thus throw

Soul, heart, mind, passions, feelings, strong or weak,
All that I would have sought, and all I seek,
Bear, know, feel, and yet breathe-into one word,
And that one word were Lightning, I would speak;

But as it is, I live and die unheard,

With a most voiceless thought, sheathing it as a sword.

But how all this subsides in Canto IV., stanza xxvii., and what a calm and peaceful spirit breathes there:

The moon is up,-and yet it is not night;
Sunset divides the sky with her a sea
Of glory streams along the Alpine height
Of blue Friuli's mountains: Heav'n is free
From clouds, but of all colours seems to be
Melted to one vast Iris of the West,

Where the Day joins the past Eternity;
While, on the other hand, meek Dian's crest
Floats through the azure air-an island of the blest!

Let me add here that magnificent description of sunset from the beginning of the third canto of the Corsair :

Slow sinks, more lovely ere his race be run,
Along Morea's hills the setting sun;

Not, as in northern climes, obscurely bright,
But one unclouded blaze of living light!
O'er the hush'd deep the yellow beam he throws,
Gilds the green wave, that trembles as it glows.
On old Ægina's rock and Idra's isle

The god of gladness sheds his parting smile;
O'er his own regions lingering, loves to shine,
Though there his altars are no more divine.
Descending fast, the mountain shadows kiss
Thy glorious gulf, unconquer'd Salamis !
Their azure arches, through the long expanse
More deeply purpled, meet his mellowing glance,
And tenderest tints, along their summits driven,

Mark his gay course, and own the hues of heaven;
Till, darkly shaded from the land and deep,
Behind his Delphian cliff he sinks to sleep.

Again, he would escape, as it were, from his fellow men, that he may in solitude hold closer intercourse with nature