being scattered abroad in search of nourishment, the bands of fociety fhould be broken, the main body divided, and the members diminished. Others were employed, in the mean time, in building houfes according to the models given them by the prince. This was the origin of our imperial city of Cuzco, which was then divided into two parts; the one called Hanan Cuzco, or the Upper, and the other Hurin Cuzco, or the Lower Cuzco. Those who affembled under the king inhabited the former, and those of the queen's train peopled the latter; a difference arifing from no fuperiority affumed by the king, and intended only to diftinguifh his followers from thofe of his confort, and to remain an eternal monument of the rife and origin of fociety. This is the reafon, added the inca, that in all our empire this diverfity of lineage hath remained, being ever fince diftinguished by the appellations Hanan Aylla and Hurin Aylla, fignifying the upper and lower lineage; and Hanan Sugu and Hurin Sugu, the upper and lower tribes. "WHEN the city was peopled in the manner above recited, our inca taught his people those labours that contribute to the conveniences of life, fuch as ploughing the land, fowing it with grains and feeds fit for the nourishment of man, and the inftruments neceffary to carry on husbandry with facility and advantage. He alfo taught his fubjects to cut channels for those rivulets which now water the capital, and to defend their feet from stones and thorns by fhoes, and their bodies from the inclemency of the weather and the viciffitudes of seasons by cloathing. On the other hand, the queen inftructed the women in good housewifry, taught them all the domeftic arts; to fpin and weave cotton; to make garments for their hufbands, their children, and themselves; with all the other little offices that could render life agreeable, and reconcile the men to their harder labours. "THE Indians being reduced to fome form of civility, felicitated themselves on their change of condition; and with fingular acknowledgments of the benefits received, travelled with joy through the rocks and woods to communicate the happy news to the other favages, who had not yet tafted the bleffings showered down by the children of the Sun. They recounted all the favours beftowed on them, and confirmed their relation by fhowing their new habits and cloathing, and defcribing their diet, houfes, and employment. The curiofity of the favages to behold thefe wonders was rouzed: they refolved to have ocular demonftration of all that was repeated, ranged themfelves among the reft to learn and to obey; and one in this manner inviting another, the people increased, in feven or eight years, in fo extraordinary a man B 4 ner, ner, that the inca was enabled to raise a confiderable army, and make conquefts where influence and perfuafion proved infufficient to draw men from their barbarous way of living. He taught them how to make bows and arrows, and inftructed them in the use of these weapons; fo that they foon became a formidable power, and obliged all the furrounding ftates to receive thofe legal reftraints, which ferve to promote the happiness of mankind. "THAT I may not be tedious, faid the inca, in relating the tranfactions of our ancestors, and the atchievements of our first inca, you must know that he reduced all to the eastward as far as the river Paucartainpee, eighty leagues weftward, quite to the great river called Apurimac, and fouthward, for nine leagues, as far as Quequefona. To the feveral diftricts contained within thefe limits, he fent colonies, to fome places a hundred families, to others leffer numbers, according to circumftances. Thefe were the beginnings of this noble city, and of this vaft empire, which your father and his countrymen (meaning the Spaniards) have conquered from us, or rather of which we are defpoiled and defrauded. These were our first incas and kings in the early ages of the world, from whom the fucceeding princes and We ourselves are defcended; but how many years it may be fince the Sun our father fent his offspring among us upon earth, I am not able to ascertain precifely; but I imagine it may be about four hundred years. This inca was called Manco Capac, and his queen was named Caya Mama, of Huaco, both being children and brethren of the fun and moon; and now, having fatisfied at large the requeft you made of me, I abstain from tears, that I may not fil you with fadnefs; although my eyes, refraining from flowing, occafion drops of blood to fall from my heart on account of the inward grief I feel for the calamities of our empire and the misfortunes of our incas (B),” SUCH was the fabulous relation of the origin of the em- The reign pire and the establishment of monarchy among the Peruvians, of Manca which was firmly credited by all the natives of the country. Capac, If we might be permitted to interpret this account in the most first inca natural and probable meaning, we fhould imagine that the first inca, Manco Capac, had formed this tale the more easily to induce the credulous multitude to embrace his doctrines, by pretending they were of divine origin. It could not be long, indeed, before they must have gained reputation even without this pretext, fo admirably were they calculated to civilize, polish, and refine the mind, and to promote focial converse and felicity. WHEN Manco Capac had founded Cuzco, and reconciled his favage fubjects to fociety, he began with planting colonies, as we find by the above narrative of the inca. To the eastward he established 13 villages, filled with the tribe called Roques. To the westward he planted 30 villages within the space of eight leagues, which flourished fo amazingly, that in a few years the whole country, as far as the royal road of Cantifuya, elegantly wrought, that they was a dreadful earthquake was felt, fratagem to destroy him. They perfuaded him to enter a cave for a precious veffel, which they had forgot, and to pray to their father the Sun, to affift them in the reduction of that country, and bending the minds of the favage people to the regulations of focial inftitution. The unfufpecting Ayarache entered the dark recefs, and no fooner difappeared, than his brothers blocked up the mouth of the cave with stones, to prevent his return; immediately upon which would was thickly peopled; and from these first inhabitants were formed three great nations, namely, Mafca, Chilgui, and Paperi, of confiderable repute in the Peruvian annals. This prince likewife planted the valley of Sacfalumona, and twenty leagues round, establishing fuch wholesome regulations that the human fpecies multiplied and increased with the aftonishing rapidity of plants cherished and raised by the parental hands of the skilful husbandman. To every new colony were communicated new inftructions, fitted to their peculiar circumftances. The arts of plowing and fowing, of planting and pruning, of forming aqueducts and confervatories of water, of building, cloathing, and every other particular neceffary to the commodious fuftenance of life, were taught to all; but the laws of civil economy, for the support of friendship, brotherhood, and the dictates of nature and reason, were diverfified. It was laid down as a general maxim, that all unruly paffions fhould be fubdued, all animofity one with another be forgot, and that they should diftribute impartially the fame juftice to others which they required for themselves. Above all, the fage inca was careful to inculcate precepts chastity and delicacy with refpect to the fex, in which the Indians were hitherto peculiarly grofs and brutal. He ordained would have their ears pierced as his were, and had no fooner pronounced the injunction, than they perceived his ears adorned with pendents of great beauty and richness. This was a return for their perfidy, which the two brothers did not expect. Full of gratitude and admiration, they promised to fulfil with punctuality every particular that was enjoined. They went to the hill, now called Guonanere, there raised altars to Ayarache, were favoured with another vifit from him, and told to bind their temples with that garland, which the incas ever after wore as a mark of regal dignity. Reasons are given in this abfurd fable, why Airamanco was chofen inca in preference to his brother Aranca, for he was velled by Ajarache with the imperial mantle. The ceremo of ny of coronation was performed by the Orejones, a fpecies of magicians, who were suffered to inhabit the country; and for this reason they were rendered capable of fucceeding to the regal dignity. Crowds of people flocked from all quarters to behold this fpectacle, bringing prefents of gold to immenfe value, out of which was formed the great chain of Cuzco, weighing, according to report, above four hundred thousand weight. The natives, fays Herrera, added, that after this ceremony Ayarache and Aranca were converted into ftones, resembling the human figure, and that Airamanca, with the women, went to lay the foundation of Cuzco, taking the name of Manco Capac, fignifying rich lord, or king. Decad. iii, 1.9, c. I. that that adultery fhould be capital, as well as murder, rapinė, and robbery. For this purpose, it was neceffary that marriage fhould be inftituted, and every man enjoined to take only one wife. This was laying equal reftraints upon both fexes, which the inca thought would be a means to induce the women to bear the restriction without repining. To prevent confusion in the lineage, it was befides recommended, that the people fhould confine themselves in their marriages to certain tribes, which, in our opinion, was the most impolitic ordonnance of this legiflator, as it laid the foundation for feparate interests, and divided the whole body of the people into cafts and clans, each of whom afterwards ftruggled for independency. At twenty the men were fuppofed by the law. to be marriageable, and capable not only of propagating the fpecies, but of managing their families with prudence, and fupporting the neceffary labour; the women were allowed to marry earlier, for reafons deduced from the nature of their conftitutions, and the station allotted them in civil fociety. Over each of these tribes or colonies he appointed a chief or Curaca, who governed the people as the inca's lieutenants, being refponfible to him for their conduct. These persons were chofen for their merit folely, without regard to any other diftinction'; for when any of the people were observed to be more religioufly fcrupulous in their devotion to the gods, more regardful of juftice, more obliging to their equals, more obedient to their fuperiors, and affable to all, they were promoted to governments, to inftruct the more ignorant Indians. Until the fruits of their industry could be reaped, the people were fupplied with provifion out of large magazines, formed by the prudence of Manco Capac, who omitted nothing that became a great legiflator. SENSIBLE that juft notions of religion contributed powerfully to refine the manners, he bestowed great pains on this article, and diligently prefcribed the rites and ceremonies of the Peruvian idolatry. A ftately temple to the fun was erected, and beautified with all the ornaments that could excite awe and veneration in the human foul towards the object of worship. Manco Capac taught his fubjects to behold this luminary as the fountain of light, the caufe of vegetation, and the author of all thofe bleffings reaped by the husbandman ; and natural reafon demonftrated, that it was incumbent on them to acknowledge thefe benefits by a due portion of gratitude. A cloifter for a certain number of felect virgins was alfo built and dedicated to the fun, into which none were to be admitted but young ladies of the royal family. NOT |