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Praeceptum auriculis hoc instillare memento:
Ut tu fortunam, sic nos te, Celse, feremus.

rius Nero, who was at this time twenty-two years old. As to the cohors, see Satires, i. 7, 23.-17. The sense is as you bear your good fortune, the favour of Tiberius; that is, if you are not elated by it, and do not become proud and overbearing, then I and your other friends shall bear with all your little foibles.

EPISTOLA IX.

AD CLAUDIUM NERONEM.

A LETTER to Tiberius, recommending to his favour Septimius, to whom the 6th ode of the 2d book is addressed.

SEPTIMIUS, Claudi, nimirum intelligit unus,
Quanti me facias: nam cum rogat et prece cogit,
Scilicet ut tibi se laudare et tradere coner,
Dignum mente domoque legentis honesta Neronis:
Munere quum fungi propioris censet amici;
Quid possim videt ac novit me valdius ipso.
Multa quidem dixi cur excusatus abirem;
Sed timui, mea ne finxisse minora putarer,
Dissimulator opis propriae, mihi commodus uni.
Sic ego majoris fugiens opprobria culpae
Frontis ad urbanae descendi praemia. Quodsi
Depositum laudas ob amici jussa pudorem,
Scribe tui gregis hunc, et fortem crede bonumque.

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1. Nimirum, ironical, no doubt, clearly.'-3. Tradere, a common word in recommendations. See Satires, i. 9, 47.-4. Neronis, of a man with the character and sense of a Nero.'-6. Valdius

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magis.

8. Mea; that is, my favour and influence with thee.-9. Opis, used in the sense which the plural has in prose, 'power, influence." -11. Frontis praemia, "I have availed myself of the advantages of a bold brow-a brow not covered with the blushes of rustic bashfulness;' I have tried whether I could not succeed by impudence; for frons urbana is explained by pudor depositus in line 12.-13. Scribe hunc gregis tui. The genitive is to be understood partitively, : unum gregis (cohortis.) Scribe = jube esse epistola, tell him in writing.'

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EPISTOLA X.

AD ARISTIUM FUSCUM.

DESCRIPTION of the advantages of country life compared with life in Rome. The epistle is addressed to Aristius Fuscus, to whom also the 22d ode of the first book is addressed.

Satires, i. 10, 83.

URBIS amatorem Fuscum salvere jubemus
Ruris amatores, hac in re scilicet una
Multum dissimiles, at cetera paene gemelli;
Fraternis animis quidquid negat alter, et alter;
Annuimus pariter, vetuli notique columbi.
Tu nidum servas, ego laudo ruris amoeni
Rivos et musco circumlita saxa nemusque.
Quid quaeris? Vivo et regno, simul ista reliqui,
Quae vos ad coelum fertis rumore secundo;
Utque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso:
Pane egeo jam mellitis potiore placentis.
Vivere naturae si convenienter oportet
Ponendaeque domo quaerenda est area primum,
Novistine locum potiorem rure beato?
Est, ubi plus tepeant hiemes, ubi gratior aura
Leniat et rabiem Canis et momenta Leonis,
Quum semel accepit solem furibundus acutum ?
Est, ubi divellat somnos minus iuvida cura?
Deterius Libycis olet aut nitet herba lapillis?
Purior in vicis aqua tendit rumpere plumbum,

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4. Et alter, scil. negat. 5. Vetuli notique, a hendiadys, pridem inter se. To take doves as an image of union is common, and Horace keeps up the representation by the word nidum (meaning the city of Rome) in line 6.-8. Regno; that is, I am a rex, am happy, a playful application of a philosophical expression. Compare i. 1, 106.-10. The offering-cakes (liba) which were brought to the altars, became the property of the priests, who maintained their households therewith. Hence the poet says jocularly, that he is like a priest's useless slave (fugitivus) who will no longer have fine cakes (that is, the city of Rome), but plain bread (country life.)—16. On the 23d of July the dogstar rises, and at the same time the sun enters the sign of Leo, which is expressed in the next line by accisolem acutum. Compare Carm. iii. 29, 19. Momentavim. pere 19. Libyci lapilli; that is, the Numidian variegated marble, which was used for floors. See Carm. ii. 18, 3. Extravagant people used to sprinkle their floors with perfumes. Hence olet.-20. Vici are the streets of Rome, along which the water from the neighbouring

Quam quae per pronum trepidat cum murmure rivum?
Nempe inter varias nutritur silva columnas
Laudaturque domus, longos quae prospicit agros.
Naturam expelles furca, tamen usque recurret,
Et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix.
Non qui Sidonio contendere callidus ostro
Nescit Aquinatem potantia vellera fucum,
Certius accipiet damnum propiusque medullis,
Quam qui non poterit vero distinguere falsum.
Quem res plus nimio delectavere secundae,
Mutatae quatient. Si quid mirabere, pones
Invitus fuge magna; licet sub paupere tecto
Reges et regum vita praecurrere amicos.
Cervus equum pugna melior communibus herbis
Pellebat, donec minor in certamine longo
Imploravit opes hominis frenumque recepit.
Sed postquam victor violens discessit ab hoste,
Non equitem dorso, non frenum depulit ore.
Sic qui pauperiem veritus potiore metallis
Libertate caret, dominum vehit improbus atque
Serviet aeternum, quia parvo nesciet uti.
Cui non conveniet sua res, ut calceus olim,
Si pede major erit, subvertet, si minor, uret.
Laetus sorte tua vives sapienter, Aristi,
Nec me dimittes incastigatum, ubi plura
Cogere quam satis est ac non cessare videbor.
Imperat aut servit collecta pecunia cuique,

Tortum digna sequi potius quam ducere funem.

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hills was led in leaden pipes.-22. Even in the city people strive to make their houses as rural as possible, thus practically admitting the superiority of the country. Nempe, but assuredly.' Variae columnae are the pillars of variegated marble which stood in the middle of the atrium, enclosing the so-called impluvium, a small open space with a fountain, and, if possible, a tree.-25. Fastidia, the ennui or weariness incident to fashionable life in a city.-26. Here the second part of the epistle begins, in which Horace shows that to the attainment of a happy life striving after true good, and contempt of everything which falsely pretends to be good, is necessary. Contendere = comparare, and hence also distinguere.-30. Plus nimio plus aequo, i. 2, 29.-31. Mutatae; that is, when adversae. Pones depones.-34. Melior fortior, and in the next line minor = victus. Herbis = pascuis. 29. Metallis quam metalla sunt, than gold and silver.-42. Ut calceus olim, a common figure. When a shoe is too large, it upsets the wearer (subvertet); when too small, it causes pains and bunions.-45. The sense is: you will scold me, if my moral maxims do not please you, just as I have been scolding you, because I do not approve of your mode of life.—48. The figure is taken from a ship which is towed by a rope. Money

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Haec tibi dictabam post fanum putre Vacunae,
Excepto quod non simul esses, cetera laetus.

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should be the ship, not the tow-rope.-49. Fanum Vacunae, a place near Horace's Sabine farm, of which the site cannot be accurately determined. Vacuna was a Sabine divinity, identified by some with Diana, by others with Ceres, and by others again with Venus. At all events, she was a country goddess, who presided over the fieids, and gave them fertility.

EPISTOLA XI.

AD BULLATIUM.

A LETTER to a man called Bullatius, otherwise unknown, who, in travelling, was seeking rest for his mind. Horace shows that he can find it only in contentment.

QUID tibi visa Chios, Bullati, notaque Lesbos,
Quid concinna Samos, quid Croesi regia Sardis,
Smyrna quid et Colophon? majora minorane fama?
Cunctane prae Campo et Tiberino flumine sordent?
An venit in votum Attalicis ex urbibus una,
An Lebedum laudas odio maris atque viarum?
Scis Lebedus quid sit; Gabiis desertior atque
Fidenis vicus; tamen illic vivere vellem,
Oblitusque meorum, obliviscendus et illis,
Neptunum procul e terra spectare furentem.

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Sed neque qui Capua Romam petit, imbre lutoque

Adspersus volet in caupona vivere; nec qui

Frigus collegit, furnos et balnea laudat

Ut fortunatam plene praestantia vitam;
Nec, si te validus jactaverit Auster in alto,
Idcirco navem trans Aegaeum mare vendas.

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1. Quid tibi visa, scil. sunt esse.-2. Concinna, referring to the beautiful buildings in Samos, particularly the temple of Juno.-4. Sordent, are contemptible, mean.'-5. Attalicis ex urbibus. See Carm. i. 1, 12. The towns formerly governed by Attalus were Pergamus, Apollonia, Thyatira, and others. 6. The idea is: or art thou so sick of travelling that thou art pleased even with Lebedus? He himself answers this question negatively, in line 11, and following. Lebedus, one of the twelve Ionian cities, once wealthy and famous. -13. Frigus collegit, has caught cold.'-16. Vendas, thus showing that you are so thoroughly disgusted with the sea, that, rather than

Incolumi Rhodos et Mitylene pulchra facit, quod
Paenula solstitio, campestre nivalibus auris,
Per brumam Tiberis, Sextili mense caminus.
Dum licet, ac vultum servat Fortuna benignum,
Romae laudetur Samos et Chios et Rhodos absens.
Tu, quamcunque deus tibi fortunaverit horam,
Grata sume manu, neu dulcia differ in annum;
Ut, quocunque loco fueris, vixisse libenter
Te dicas: nam si ratio et prudentia curas,
Non locus effusi late maris arbiter, aufert,

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Coelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt.
Strenua nos exercet inertia; navibus atque

Quadrigis petimus bene vivere. Quod petis, hic est,
Est Ulubris, animus si te non deficit aequus.

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venture on it again, you will live an exile from your country.-17. Incolumi sano, to a man in sound mind.' Mitylene was the chief town of Lesbos.-18. Paenula, a heavy winter cloak; campestre, a thin apron, which was the only thing that young men wore when engaged in gymnastic exercises in the Campus Martius.-21. Absens. Properly, and in prose, the person himself, living in Rome, and consequently absent from Samos, would be called absens.-25. Si, if,' as really happens, hence, as.'-26. Locus effusi late maris arbiter, a place which commands the sea far and wide.'- 28. Strenua inertia, a busy idleness.'-30. Ulubrae, a small and deserted town near the Pomptine marshes, and consequently not a pleasant or healthful place of abode. The modern Cisterna is generally believed to occupy its site. The sense is: with contentment you may live happily in Rome (hic), ay, even at Ulubrae.

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EPISTOLA XII.

AD ICCIUM.

THIS epistle, as well as the 29th ode of the 1st book, is addressed to Iccius. In the first part of it Horace exhorts him to remain content with the comfortable and safe situation which he held; in the second part he recommends to him a certain Pompeius Grosphus. Iccius was a procurator — that is, factor in Sicily for M. Agrippa, whose estates he managed.

FRUCTIBUS Agrippae Siculis, quos colligis, Icci,

Si recte frueris, non est ut copia major

1. The sense is: from the income of Agrippa's Sicilian property thou hast as much as may enable thee to live comfortably. Fructus is income generally, not necessarily agricultural produce. - 2. Non

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