aforesaid, in the room and stead of the aforesaid Willie Jones, hereby giving and granting to the said Hugh Williamson the same powers, privileges, and emoluments, which the said W. Jones would have been vested with and entitled to, had he acted under the appointment aforesaid. Given under my hand and the great seal of the state, at Kinston, the 3d day of April, Anno Domini 1787, and in the 11th year of American independence. RICH. CASWELL. By his excellency's command. - DALLAM CASWELL, Pro. Secretary. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. By his excellency, Thomas Pinckney, Esq., governor and commander-in-chief, in and over the state aforesaid. To the Hon. John Rutledge, Esq., Greeting. By virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the legislature of this state, in their act passed the 8th day of March last, I do hereby commission you, the said John Rutledge, as one of the deputies appointed from this state, to meet such deputies or commissioners as may be appointed and authorized by other of the United States to assemble in Convention, at the city of Philadelphia, in the month of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and to join with such deputies or commissioners (they being duly authorized and empowered) in devising and discussing all such alterations, clauses, articles, and provisions, as may be thought necessary to render the Federal Constitution entirely adequate to the actual situation and future good government of the confederated states; and that you, together with the said deputies or commissioners, or a majority of them, who shall be present, (provided the state be not represented by less than two,) do join in reporting such an act to the United States in Congress assembled, as, when approved and agreed to by them, and duly ratified and confirmed by the several states, will effectually provide for the exigencies of the Union. Given under my hand and the great seal of the state, in the city of Charleston, this 10th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America the eleventh. THOMAS PINCKNEY. By his excellency's command. - PETER FRENEAU, Secretary. [L. S.] STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. By his excellency, Thomas Pinckney, Esq., governor and commander-in-chief in and over the state aforesaid. To the Hon. Charles Pinckney, Esq., Greeting. By virtue of power and authority in me vested by the legislature of this state, in their act passed the 8th day of March last, I do hereby commission you, the said Charles Pinckney, as one of the deputies appointed from this state to meet such deputies or commissioners as may be appointed and authorized by other of the United States, to assemble in Convention at the city of Philadelphia, in the month of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and to join with such deputies or commissioners (they being duly authorized and empowered) in devising and discussing all such alterations, clauses, articles, and provisions, as may be thought necessary to render the Federal Constitution entirely adequate to the actual situation and future good government of the confederated states; and that you, together with the said deputies or commissioners, or a majority of them who shall be present, (provided the state be not represented by less than two,) do join in reporting such an act to the United States in Congress assembled, as, when approved and agreed to by them, and duly ratified and confirmed by the several states, will effectually provide for the exigencies of the Union. Given under my hand and the great seal of the state, in the city of Charleston, this 10th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America the eleventh. THOMAS PINCKNEY. By his excellency's command. - PETER FRENEAU, Secretary. [L. 5.] STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. By his excellency, Thomas Pinckney, Esq., governor and commander-in-chief in and over the state aforesaid. To the Hon. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Esq., Greeting. By virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the legislature of this state, in their act passed the 8th day of March last, I do hereby commission you, the said Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, as one of the deputies appointed from this state, to meet such deputies or commissioners as may be appointed and authorized by other of the United States, to assemble in Convention at the city of Philadelphia, in the month of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and join with such deputies or commissioners (they being duly authorized and empowered) in devising and discussing all such alterations, clauses, articles, and provisions, as may be thought necessary to render the Federal Constitution entirely adequate to the actual situation and future good government of the confederated states; together with the said deputies or commissioners, or a majority of them who shall be present, (provided the state be not represented by less than two,) to join in reporting such an act to the United States in Congress assembled, as, when approved and agreed to by them, and duly ratified and confirmed by the several states, will effectually provide for the exigencies of the Union. Given under my hand and the great seal of the state, in the city of Charleston, this 10th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America the eleventh. THOMAS PINCKNEY. By his excellency's command. - PETER FRENEAU, Secretary. STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA. [L. S.] By his excellency, Thomas Pinckney, Esq., governor and commander-in-chief over the state aforesaid. To the Hon. Pierce Butler, Esq., Greeting. By virtue of the power and authority in me vested by the legislature of this state, in their act passed the 8th day of March last, I do hereby commission you, the said Pierce Butler, as one of the deputies appointed from this state, to meet such deputies or commissioners as may be appointed or authorized by other of the United States, to assemble in Convention at the city of Philadelphia, in the month of May next, or as soon thereafter as may be, and to join with such deputies or commissioners (they being duly authorized and empowered) in devising and discussing all such alterations, clauses, articles, and provisions, as may be thought necessary to render the Federal Constitution entirely adequate to the actual situation and future good government of the confederated states; and that you, together with the said deputies and commissioners, or a majority of them who shall be present, (provided the state be not represented by less than two,) do join in reporting such an act to the United States in Congress assembled, as, when approved and agreed to by them, and duly ratified and confirmed by the several states, will effectually provide for the exigencies of the Union. Given under my hand and the great seal of the state, in the city of Charleston, this 10th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and independence of the United States of America the eleventh. THOMAS PINCKNEY. By his excellency's command. - PETER FRENEAU, Secretary. [L. S.] STATE OF GEORGIA. By the Hon. George Mathews, Esq., captain-general, governor, and commander-inchief, in and over the state aforesaid. To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting. Know ye, That John Milton, Esq., who hath certified the annexed copy of an ordinance, entitled "An Ordinance for the Appointment of Deputies from this State, for the Purpose of revising the Federal Constitution," is secretary of the said state, in whose office the archives of the same are deposited; -Therefore, all due faith, credit, and authority, are, and ought to be, had and given the same. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the great seal of VOL. I. 18 the said state to be put and affixed, at Augusta, the 24th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of our sovereignty and independence the eleventh. GEO. MATHEWS, By his honor's command.-J. MILTON. [L. S.] An Ordinance for the Appointment of Deputies from this State, for the Purpose of revising the Federal Constitution. Be it ordained by the representatives of the freemen of the state of Georgia, in General Assembly met, and by authority of the same, that William Few, Abraham Baldwin, William Pierce, George Walton, William Houston, and Nathaniel Pendleton, Esqrs., be, and they are hereby, appointed commissioners, who, or any two or more of them, are hereby authorized, as deputies from this state, to meet such deputies as may be appointed and authorized by other states, to assemble in Convention at Philadelphia, and to join with them in devising and discussing all such alterations and further provisions as may be necessary to render the Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of the Union, and in reporting such an act for that purpose to the United States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them, and duly confirmed by the several states, will effectually provide for the same. In case of the death of any of the said deputies, or of their declining their appointments, the execu tive are hereby authorized to supply such vacancies. WM. GIBBONS, Speaker. GEORGIA. Secretary's Office. The above is a true copy from the original ordinance deposited in my office. J. MILTON, Secretary. The State of Georgia, by the grace of God, free, sovereign, and independent, To the Hon. William Few, Esq. Whereas you, the said William Few, are, in and by an ordinance of the General Assembly of our said state, nominated and appointed a deputy to represent the same in a Convention of the United States, to be assembled at Philadelphia, for the purposes of devising and discussing all such alterations and further provisions as may be neces sary to render the Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of the Union, You are therefore hereby commissioned to proceed on the duties required of you in virtue of the said ordinance. Witness our trusty and well-beloved George Mathews, Esq., our captain-general, governor, and commander-in-chief, under his hand and our great seal, this 17th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of our sovereignty and independGEO. MATHEWS, [L. s.] ence the eleventh. By his honor's command.-J. MILTON, Secretary. The State of Georgia, by the grace of God, free, sovereign, and independent, To the Hon. William Pierce, Esq. Whereas you, the said William Pierce, are, in and by an ordinance of the General Assembly of our said state, nominated and appointed a deputy to represent the same in Convention of the United States, to be assembled at Philadelphia, for the purpose of devising and discussing all such alterations and further provisions as may be necessary to render the Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of the Union, You are therefore hereby commissioned to proceed on the duties required of you in virtue of the said ordinance. Witness our trusty and well-beloved George Mathews, Esq., our captain-general, governor, and commander-in-chief, under his hand and our great seal, at Augusta, this 17th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of our sovereignty and independence the eleventh. GEO. MATHEWS, [L. s.] By his honor's command.-J. MILTON, Secretary. The State of Georgia, by the grace of God, free, sovereign, and independent, To the Hon. William Houston, Esq. Whereas you, the said William Houston, are, in and by an ordinance of the General Assembly of our said state, nominated and appointed a delegate to represent the same in a Convention of the United States, to be assembled at Philadelphia, for the purpose of devising and discussing all such alterations and further provisions as may be necessary to render the Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of the Union, You are therefore hereby commissioned to proceed on the duties required of you in virtue of the same ordinance. Witness our trusty and well-beloved George Mathews, Esq., our captain-general, governor, and commander-in-chief, under his hand and our great seal, at Augusta, this 17th day of April, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of our sovereignty and independence the eleventh. GEO. MATHEWS, [L. S.] By his honor's command. — J. MILTON, Secretary. JOURNAL OF THE FEDERAL CONVENTION ON MONDAY, the 14th of May, A. D. 1787, and in the eleventh year of the independence of the United States of America, at the State-House in the city of Philadelphia, in virtue of appointments from their respective states, sundry deputies to the Federal Convention appeared; but a majority of the states not being represented, the members present adjourned, from day to day, until Friday, the 25th of the said month, when, in virtue of the said appointments, appeared, from the states of Massachusetts, The Hon. Rufus King, Esq.; New York, The Hon. Robert Yates, and New Jersey, The Hon. David Brearly, Pennsylvania, The Hon. Robert Morris, Delaware, The Hon. George Read, Virginia, His Excell'cy, Geo. Washington, Esq., George Mason, North Carolina, The Hon. Alexander Martin, South Carolina, Georgia, The Hon. William Few, Esq. It was moved by the Hon. Robert Morris, Esq., one of the deputies from Pennsylvania, that a president be elected by ballot, which was agreed to; and thereupon he nominated, on the part of the said state, his excellency, George Washington, Esq. The members then proceeded to ballot on behalf of their respective states; and, the ballots being taken, it appeared that the said George Washington was unanimously elected; and he was conducted to the chair by the Hon. Robert Morris and John Rutledge, Esqrs. The president then proposed to the house that they should proceed to the election of a secretary; and the ballots being taken, it appeared that William Jackson, Esq., was elected. The following credentials were produced and read. [See Credentials.] The house then appointed Nicholas Weaver messenger, and Joseph Frye door-keeper. On motion of Mr. C. Pinckney, "Ordered, That a committee be appointed to draw up rules to be observed as the standing orders of the Convention, and to report the same to the house." A committee, by ballot, was appointed of Mr. Wythe, Mr. Hamilton, and Mr. C. Pinckney. And then the house adjourned till Monday next, at 10 o'clock. IN THE FEDERAL CONVENTION, MONDAY, May 28, 1787. The Convention met agreeably to adjournment. The Hon. Nathaniel Gorham, and Caleb Strong, Esqrs., deputies from the state of Massachusetts; the Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, Esq., a deputy from the state of Connecticut; the Hon. Gunning Bedford, Esq., a deputy from the state of Delaware; and the Hon. James M'Henry, Esq., a deputy from the state of Maryland, -attended and took their seats. The following credentials were produced and read. [See Credentials.] His excellency, Benjamin Franklin, Esq., and the Hon. George Clymer, Thomas Mifflin, and Jared Ingersoll, Esqrs., four of the deputies of the state of Pennsylvania, attended and took their seats. Mr. Wythe reported from the committee, (to whom the drawing up rules proper, in their opinion, to be observed by the Convention in their proceedings, as standing orders, was |