21. A man gave 13 dollars for the improvement of a piece of ground, paid 36 dollars for having it cultivated, and then sold the produce for 48 dollars. How many dollars did he lose? /

22. A market-man bought some butter for 8 dollars, some cheese for 15 dollars, and some poultry for 12 dollars; and then sold the whole for 39 dollars.

gain or lose? and how much? 4.

Did he

23. John bought a penknife for 25 cents; he exchanged it for a better one, paying 16 cents, and then sold the better one for 40 cents. Did he gain or lose?— and how much? /:

24. A gentleman gave 32 dollars for a piece of cloth, and 13 dollars for having it made into a suit of clothes. How much did the suit cost?

25. A tailor gave 54 dollars for some cloth and trimmings; he made the whole into clothes, which he sold for 72 dollars. How much did he gain by the work? /

26. If a man, having 50 dollars, should buy a barrel of sugar for 24 dollars, and a barrel of molasses for 13 dollars, how many dollars would he have left? /

27. A scholar gave 55 cents for a geography, and 42 cents for an arithmetic. What did he give for both? 28. Ellen had 30 cents; her father gave 16 more, and her mother 10 more; she then bought a book for 45 cents. How many cents had she remaining?//

29. James had 38 cents, and his father gave him 14 more- -William had 33 cents, and his father gave him 19 more. Which boy then had the most money?. 30. Lucy has 75 cents, and she intends buying a book, that will cost 63 cents. How much money has she more than the book will cost?/2.

31. A grocer purchased some oranges for 18 dollars, some lemons for 8 dollars, some raisins for 4 dollars, and some figs for 6 dollars; and then sold the whole for 44 dollars. Did he gain or lose? and how much?

32. A company marched 82 miles in three days. It marched 25 miles the first day, 36 miles the second day, and the remainder of the distance the third day. Inany miles did it march the third day? 2.

How

CHAP. IV.

MULTIPLICATION.

Note to Teachers. In the second and third sections of this chapter, the earners are required to find the products of factors as high as 10 and 20. There are few scholars, who will easily commit these products to memory; and it will, therefore, be necessary to adopt a mental process, by which they may readily be found. The following example will show the process.

Question. How many are 8 times 16 Solution. 16 is made up of 10 and 6. Eight times ten are eighty; eight times six are forty-eight. 80 and 48 are 128.

SECTION 1.

1. On the Fourth of July, George and Richard went to the Celebration, and whenever George spent 1 cent, Richard spent 7. In the course of the day, George spent 6 cents. How many did Richard spend?

Solution. Richard must have spent six times seven cents. 6 times 7 are 42.

2. If 4 yards of cloth are required to make 1 cloak, how many yards are required to make 5 cloaks? 203. If I boat will carry 5 men across the river, how many men will 3 boats of the same size carry ?

4. If a man can earn 8 dollars in one week, how many dollars can he earn in 3 weeks? 4

5. If a traveller ride 6 miles in one hour, how miles can he ride in 9 hours?

many

6. In a garden, there are 5 rows of plum trees; 8 trees in each row. How many trees are there in the garden 7. In a field there are 8 rows of apple trees; 5 trees in each row. How many trees are there in the field?

8. There were 7 boys, who gave a poor man, 4 cents apiece. How many cents did the man receive? 28. 9. How many merit-marks will Susan get in 6 days, provided she gets 4 every day? 4

10. How many errors will Jane make in 8 days, provided she makes 3 errors every day? 24

11. If the price of 1 quart of nuts be 7 cents, for how many cents can you buy 7 quarts?

12. If you should read 9 pages every day, how many pages would you read in 8 days? 2.

13. How many dollars must I pay for 9 yards of cloth, that is worth 6 dollars a yard? 34.

14. How many dollars must I pay for 9 barrels of flour, when the price is 7 dollars a barrel? 63.

15. If 4 bushels of wheat are required for 1 barrel of flour, how many bushels are required for 8 barrels ? 32. 16. What is the cost of 7 reams of letter paper, that is sold at 6 dollars per ream?s.

17. How much will a market-man get for 10 melons, if he sell them at 9 cents apiece?

18. If a man can earn 9 dollars in one month, how many dollars can he earn in 6 months? 54.

SECTION 2.

1. John and Henry together, caught 13 fishes every morning; and it always happened, that John caught 10 of them, and Henry 3. Now how many did each boy catch in 6 mornings? Then how many did they both catch in 6 mornings?.

2. 10 and what number make 13? How many are 6 times 10? 6 times 3? How many are 60 and 18?Then 6 times 13 are how many? 5.

3. If the diamond in a ring cost 10 dollars, and the ring 4 dollars, what does the diamond-ring cost? What would 5 diamonds cost? What would 5 rings cost? Then what would 5 diamond-rings cost?

4. 10 and what number make 14? How many are 5 times 105 times 4? How many are 50 and 20?— Then 5 times 14 are how many?

5. A Northern hunter received a bounty of 10 dollars from the state, and 5 from the county, for killing a wolf: how much did he receive from both

How much would 7 wolves? How

he receive from the state for killing much from the county for killing 7 Then how much

from state and county both for killing 7? /** 6. 10 and what number makė 15? How many are 7 times 107 times 5? How many are 70 and 35 ?Then 7 times 15 are how many?• 75

7. A man hired a horse and gig, to pay 10 cents a mile for the horse, and 6 cents a mile for the gig.

C

How

much a mile did he pay for both? How much for the horse 8 miles ??? How much for the gig 8 miles ?4Then how much for the horse and gig, both S miles? /

8. 10 and what number make 16? How many are 8 times 108 times 64 How many are 80 and 48 ?--/28 Then 8 times 16 are how many?/28,

9. If a man gåther 10 barrels of apples, and a boy 7 barrels, in a day, how many barrels do they both gather? How many barrels can the man gather in 9 days? How many barrels can the boy gather in 9 days? Then how inany barrels can they both gather in 9 days?/s J,

10. 10 and what number make 17? How many are 9 times 109 times 7? How many are 90 and 63?—/√, Then 9 times 17 are how many?/33

11. If a man eat 10 ounces of meat in a day, and his wife eat 8 ounces, how many ounces do they both eat in a, day? How many ounces will the man eat in 4 days? 40 How many ounces will the wife eat in 4 days? how many ounces will they both eat in 4 days?

Then

12. 10 and what number make 18? How many are 4 times 10? 4 times 8 ? How many are 40 and 32?Then 4 times 18 are how many?

2

2

0

13. If a company of soldiers march 10 miles in the forenoon, and 9 miles in the afternoon, how many miles do they march in a day? How many miles would they march in 6 forenoons? How many in six afternoons? 4 Then how many miles in 6 days?/14

0

14. 10 and what number inake 19?

How many are

6 times 106 times 9? How many are 60 and 54?—/14 Then 6 times 19 are how many? //4

15. How many are 6 times 10?56 times 2? Then how many are 6 times 12? y

2

16. How many àre 7 times 10?77 times 3?Then how many are 7 times 13?

..

17. How many are 8 times 10?s 8 times 4?Then how many are 8 times 14?/12

18. How many are 9 times 10? 19 times 5?#Then now many are 9 times -15? 27.

19. How many are 10 times 10? how many are 10 times 16? /6 0

10 times 6 ?+Then

20. How many are 3 times 1003 times 7?Then how many are 3 times 17?

21. How many are 2 times 10?22 times 8?Then how many are 2 times 18?

22. How many are 5 times 10? 5 times 9?Then how many are 5 times 19?

23. How many are 4 times 10? 4 times. 9 ?Ther how many are 4 times 19?$6

SECTION 3.

1. Albert spends 11 cents every month, for stationary. How many cents will he spend in 3 months? A.

2. How many are 2 times 11?3 times 11? 4 times 11? 5 times 116 times 11667 times 11? 8 times 11? 9 times 11 10 times 11? //

3. If you should write 11 copy-lines every day, how many copy-lines would you write in 10 days? 110.

4. If a pound of Malaga raisins cost 12 cents, how many cents will 4 pounds of raisins cost? 48

5. How many are 2 times 12?243 times 12? (4 times 12? 4 5 times 12% 6 times 1227 times 12?/8 times 12?69 times 1210 times 12? 30

6. If you should read 12 verses every morning, how many verses would you read in 9 mornings?

7. Suppose a steam boat will go 13 miles in an hour;how many miles will it go in 5 hours? ¿

8.. How many are 2 times 13/3 times 13? 4 times 13? 2, 5 times 1366 times 13?87 times 13? 8 times 1379 times 13 10 times 13? 7301

9. If a labourer can earn 13 dollars in a month, how

many dollars can he earn in 8 months?/4

10. If it take 14 men to navigate one ship, how many men will it take to navigate 6 ships?

84

11. How many are 2 times 14? 3 times 1444 times 14? 6

5 times 14 6 times 14? 47 times 14? 488 times 149

times 1410 times 14?/40

12. If a pound of honey be worth 14 cents, how many cents are 7 pounds of honey worth?

98