SIDONIUS APOLLINARIS CARM. VIIII 270-5

non qui tempore Caesaris secundi
aeterno incoluit Tomos reatu.

nec qui consimili deinde casu

ad vulgi tenuem strepentis auram
irati fuit histrionis exul.

1

DECIMUS IUNIUS IUVENALIS

1

To this day the praenomen of Iuv. is often mistaken. Drakenborch' ('in autores latinos praelectiones publicae, inchoatae Sept. 20 1725' ms. penes me p. 574) 'errant...Petrus Crinitus 1. 4 de poët. lat. et alii, qui Decium vocant hunc poëtam, ut ostendit Lud. Carrio 1. 1 emendat. c. 1. Decimus 20 enim erat huius scriptoris praenomen; nam Decius numquam fuit praenomen Romanum.' So Ausonius and Decimus Brutus and many others (see Hofmann's lexicon under Decius) have been falsely named. Holyday (pp. 9 10) notes that the mistake was in Lily's grammar, and that D. in Polyb. DS. DH, 25 DCass. is always represented by Aéκuos. Cf. Quintus, Sextus and the christian name of Vicesimus Knox.

1 Like Dodwell Drakenborch assigns the publication of all the satires to Hadrian's reign.

2 e.g. Cave hist. litt. 1 288 b (ed. Bas. 1741). Lorenz catalogue de la 30 librairie Française Par. 1867.

IUVENALIS ETHICUS

Iuvenalis...ex materia quam

C. Barth advers. vI 1 fin. tractat, satirico sale vitia, plerumque magnatum, insectans, ETHICUS dictus est. id. on Namatian. 1 604 IUVENALIS sane eruditissimus scriptor, elegantissimus poëta et censor morum liberrimus et acutissimus. summo pretio antiquitati habitus. a quo nasutuli nostri temporis adeo futiliter dissentiunt, ut etiam latinitatem hominis tam praeclare docti et ingeniosi vituperare audeant. de quo latius nos alibi disserere non vetabit illorum de se ipsis opinio, quae ut praecipites in aliorum contemptum eos agit, ita domesticos naevos prorsus perpendere non patitur. nuditatem sermonis et vitiorum velut exinde disciplinam carpunt viri doctissimi. at talia describenda sunt, ut evitari eo melius possint, sententia Dionis Chrysostomi, cuius lege orationem 31, quae Rhodiaca inscribitur. aestimatio autem Iuvenalis etiam ad extrema tempora duravit. media enim barbaria per excellentiam ETHICI titulo citatur, summis philosophis comparatus, ut a Ioanne Sarisberiensi, Alano et eius generis non paucis philologis eorum temporum.

This statement has been repeated by Fabricius, Ruperti, Achaintre, Francke, Weber, Corn. Müller, Bernhardy and many others. Having seen reason, since my first edition, to doubt whether Iuv. was in any exclusive sense known as ethicus, I have looked through the works of John of Salisbury and Peter of Blois, who constantly cite him. As regards Alanus de Insulis Barth's wonderful memory has deceived him. On turning over the 1012 columns of his works, I

find only the following scraps of Iuv., who is named but once, and never called ethicus.

de arte praedicatoria 25 (Migne ccx 162a) Iuv. vi 165 with a strange variation rara avis in terris alboque simillima corvo. distinctiones dictionum theolog. (969a) TENUIS dicitur etiam vilis, unde poeta [Iuv. vII 145]

in tenui rara est facundia panno.'

ib. (959) 'SUBDUCERE notat supponere, unde [Iuv. 1 15] et nos quandoque manum ferulae subduximus.'

ib. under SUBSELLIA he cites Iuv. by name and VII 86 fregit subsellia versu. I may notice that Alanus often cites Seneca, some additions to whose fragments he may perhaps supply. Vincent of Beauvais in volumes I (naturale) and II (doctrinale) of his speculum constantly cites Iuv. by name and book (e.g. I vi 21 fin. xix 28. xxxi 84. 86. 115. II iv 7. 13), but I nowhere observe the title ethicus.

John of Salisbury and Peter of Blois by no means confine the title to our poet. Io. Sarisb. pol. III 8 (489° Migne) unde et ethicus provide quidem et utiliter optimam' inquit 'vivendi consuetudinem ab ineunte aetate elige, eam tibi iucundam usus efficiet.' VIII 12 (760) Horace cited as ethicus. so I 8 (405). II 27 (470). III 8 fin. 9 (492°). 14 fin. (512b). Iv 9 (531a). vi prol. pr. (587). VIII 12 (760). 13 (762). 24 bis (817bc). metalog. I 4 (8314). 7 (834). ep. 185 (195) ethicus et ethnicus. Iuvenal is ethicus pol. 1 13 (414). III 4 (483a). 12 (501). VII 13 (668). VIII 15 (773). satiricus 1 12 (408). III 6 (4864). 12 fin. VIII 8 (7384). Stoicus v 4 (546). ethnicus VIII 13 (767). Ovid is ethicus ep. 134 fin. pol. 1 8 (405). So the epigrammatist cited in Suet. Caes. 19 ep. 183 (184). the author of the verse noli Fortunam, quae non est, dicere caecam (pol. III 8 490). In pol. VIII 13 is a notice not found in schol. I 12 Fronto, secundum quosdam nepos Plutarchi, cuius meminit in primo [libro] Iuvenalis sic: Frontonis platani......clamant.' metalog. I 8 (836) 'obtusioris ingenii

IUVENALIS ETHICUS

xvii

tradunt fuisse Scaurum Rufum, sed sedulitate exercitii in id virium evasisse, ut Ciceronem ipsum Allobroga nominaret' cf. Iuv. VII 213-4.

Peter of Blois (Migne ccvII) calls Iuv. satiricus ep. 15 (54°). 59 (178a); poeta ep. 17 fin. (66). 42 (124). 81 (251a); poeta Aquinas ep. 59 (177a); Aquinas ep. 95 (293); ethicus ep. 72 (221). 74 (229b). 85 (261). 239 (543); ethnicus ep. 95 (299). Horace is ethnicus ep. 60 (1794). ethicus ep. 72 (222b). 81 (251). 150 (441).

Prudentius c. Symm. II 557-8 stantisque duces in curribus altis | Fabricios, Curios. cf. Iuv. vIII 3. ib. 1010 -1 et quae fumificas arbor vittata lucernas | servabat. cf. Iuv. XII 92.

Gerbert (Silvester II + 1003) lectured on Iuv. at Paris (Richer hist. ed. Pertz Hannov. 1839 ш 47 p. 133) cum ad rhetoricam suos provehere vellet, id sibi suspectum erat, quod sine locutionum modis, qui in poetis discendi sunt, ad oratoriam artem ante perveniri non queat. poetas igitur adhibuit, quibus assuescendos arbitrabatur. legit itaque ac docuit Maronem et Statium Terentiumque poetas, Iuvenalem quoque ac Persium Horatiumque satiricos, Lucanum etiam historiographum. quibus assuefactos locutionumque modis compositos ad rhetoricam transduxit.

Iuv. is quoted by Alcuin, by Rather bp. of Verona (saec. x), by Everhardus Bethuniensis cir. 1212 (Lyser poëtae lat. medii aevi p. 825). I do not remember that the abbat Lupus cites or names him. cf. T. Wright biograph. Brit. lit. I 40 n. (Rutebeuf). 41. 476. In a catalogue (probably saec. x) of Bobbio library, more than one ms. of Iuv. (Muratori antiq. Ital. III 820).

Many projected editions are recorded by Fabricius and Ruperti. see Casaub. ep. 289 p. 151 Elmenhorst preparing one in 1602. ib. 523 Casaubon himself: eum poetam gravissimum, si superi annuerint, accurate recensebimus. Boxhorn from 1634 (Boxhornii ep. pp. 29. 35. 46. 48, 50). Reitzer (Uhlii sylloge nova epist. I p. 558).

DATES OF JUVENAL'S LIFE

L. FRIEDLAENDER de Iuvenalis vitae temporibus Königsberg 1875 4to. XIII 17 written 60 or 61 years after Fonteius cos. A. D. 67, i.e. in 127 or 128. In verses 13 (tu) and 33 (senior bulla dignissime) and throughout the satire Calvinus is addressed in the second person, hence stupet haec, qui iam post terga reliquit sexaginta annos, Fonteio consule natus, must refei to the poet, not to Calvinus. 'se stupere dicit, quod amicus casum tam aegre ferat, quem ipse in sexaginta annis saepissime viderit. se igitur poeta Fonteio consule natum verbis disertis dicit.' vita cod. Voss Iuvenalis...ex Aquinio Volscorum oppido oriundus temporibus Claudii Neronis.'

In all the lives, except IV and VII, he is said to have declaimed 'usque ad mediam aetatem ': if he died (vita cod. Voss) shortly after his 80th year, or (vita III) 'anno aetatis suae altero et octuagesimo''il mezzo del cammin' of his life would be aet. 40 or 41. Whether 'middle age' had any precise meaning Friedländer cannot determine from the only authorities in which he has found it Phaedr. II 2 3 aetatis mediae quendam, with the old and young wife. Plaut. aul. 157 sed grandior es: mulieris est aetas media. In Censorin. 14 § 10 Staseas fixes as the limit of life 7 x 12 = 84.

Taking 40 as 'middle age', the first book of satires will have been written 107-116, nearer to 116.

Sat. VI 407 instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen a comet seen at Rome Nov. 115. ib. 411 nutare urbes, subsidere terras earthquake at Antioch 13 Dec. 115 (Friedländer Königsb. progr. v for 1872 and Gutschmid cited there). Sat. vi then (or book II) will have been written A. D. 116 or 117.

The emperor Hadrian, welcomed in sat. VII, came to Rome A.D. 118 (went to the provinces 119 120).

Book IV written between 120 and 127 A. D., for xv 27 nuper consule Iunco shews that book v was written after 127. Friedländer gives to Aemilius Iuncus two nomina gentilicia, Claudius and Aemilius.