dvaîoi cl. Lob. Aglaoph. 1325) or Vardaei (Cic. fam. v 9 § 2. Liv. perioch. 56. Plin. III § 143) a tribe inhabiting the Illyrian coast, opposite the island Pharos (Strabo 315 'Apdiaîoi), gave name to a military shoe. Mart. IV 4 5 lassi Vardaicus quod evocati [redolet]. Capitolin. Pertin. 8 § 3 cuculli Bardaici. Pape-Benseler Eigennamen 'Apdía. Ovapdało. 'if the injured man of peace seek redress, a soldier's shoe and stout shanks sit in judgement on the bench.' 13 IUDEX VII 116-7 n. bubulco iudice. Tac. Agr. 9 credunt plerique militaribus ingeniis subtilitatem deesse, quia castrensis iurisdictio secura et obtusior ac plura manu agens calliditatem fori non exerceat. Agricola naturali prudentia, quamvis inter togatos, facile iusteque agebat. 14 CALCEUS of the centurion 17. cf. II 10 fossa. GRANDES SURAE III 247. XIV 194 n. MAGNA to support SUBSELLIA 44. XIV 10 n. gula. Pers. III 86 torosa iuventus. v 189. the gigantic occupant. 15 16 MORE CAMILLI SERVATO who introduced a standing army (Liv. v 2), before which time the soldiers might in winter at home prosecute their suits. Liv. v 19 § 9 in pushing on the siege of Veii a procurationibus, quae multae temere inter murum ac vallum fiebant, edicto, ne quis iniussu pugnaret, ad opus milites traducti. Soldiers were forbidden by a rescript of Hadrian to leave the camp in order to give evidence dig. XXII 5 3 § 6 multo minus milites avocandi sunt a signis vel muneribus perhibendi testimonii causa. On the other hand Honorius and Theodosius, A.D. 416, decreed cod. 1 46 2 ne quando curiales vel privatae condicionis homines ad militare exhibeantur iudicium vel contra se agentium actiones exhibeant vel litigare in eo cogantur. 17-22 the centurions then, let us suppose, try the soldier's cause with perfect justice, still etc. III 100 n. Munro on Lucr. III 935. Teles in Stob. xcvii 31 p. 215 27 M where παῖς μὲν ὤν, ἔφηβος δὲ γενόμενος, ὅταν δὲ ἀνδρωθῇ, are followed by πρεσβύτης γέγονε, πάλιν ἐπιθυμεῖ τὰ ἐν νεότητι . . . . οἰκέτης ἐστίν, ἐλεύθερος σπεύδει γενέσθαι κ.τ.λ. .... 17 CENTURIONUM proverbial for uncouth ignorance xiv 194 n. Lucil. in Cic. finn. 1 § 9. Cic. Tusc. Iv § 55. Hor. s. 1 6 73. Pers. v 189. 19 IUSTAE CAUSA QUERELLAE Luc. VIII 511-2 iustior in Magnum nobis, Ptolemaee, querellae | causa data est. Petron. 15 iudex querellam inspiceret. 21 CURABILIS elsewhere curable' Cael. Aur. tard. 11 137 Erasistratus facile curabiles succulentos homines dixit atque fortes.... dificile autem curari posse tenues ac debiles. § 138 difficile curabiles... difficile curabilem. cf. §§ 139. 143. IV § 93. Ign. ep. Eph. 7. As plorabilis plorandus, so here curabilis = curanda 'requiring medical treatment.' Plaut. aul. 625 verberabilis sume. id. trin. 44 culpam castigabilem. Ov. Pont. IV 14 31 32 esset perpetuo sua quam vitabilis Ascra, | ausa est agricolae Musa docere senis. Plin. ep. vi 21 § 3 probitate morum, ingenii elegantia, operum varietate monstrabilis. 22 VINDICTA GRAVIOR QUAM INIURIA III 297-301. 'that your revenge (as ultio 19) CORDE VAGELLI the mulish rhetorician Vagellius XIII 119 n. 24 CUM DUO CRURA HABEAS I 161 n. x 2 n. pauci. Caes. b. c. 1 22 § 5 paucorum. 23 § 3 pauca. II 41 § 3 ne militibus quidem, ut defessis, neque equitibus, ut paucis et labore confectis, studium ad pugnandum virtusque deerat; sed hi erant numero cc ['only 200'], reliqui in itinere substiterant. Kraner cites b. G. III 17 § 5 Sabinus idoneo omnibus rebus loco castris sese tenebat, cum Viridovix contra eum duum ['only two'] milium spatio consedisset. VII 81 § 1 uno die intermisso. 'Having but two legs to stumble against so many soldiers' boots and so many thousands of hob-nails.' CALIGAS III 322. leathern boots (Sympos. aenigm. 56) worn by the rank and file, whence caligatus=gregarius. [Quintil.] decl. III § 15 hoc dicis, cui parere caligatum lex iubet, qui non solum militibus sed centurionibus praepositus. ib. § 19 commendem tibi ordinem caligati militis. Suet. Aug. 25. Vitell. 7. Cal. 9 Caligulae cognomen castrensi loco traxit, quia manipulario habitu inter milites versabatur. Lips. on Tac. ann. 1 41. DCass. LVII 5 § 6. Auson. monos. de Caes. 4 (cf. tetrast. de Caes. 4) Gaius, cognomen Čaligae cui castra dederunt. Sen. cited VIII 246 n. fin. Plin. vII § 135 many say that Ventidius iuventam inopem in caliga militari tolerasse. Capitolin. Maximin. 28 § 9 the elder Maximinus was 8 ft. in height; his shoe preserved in a grove near Aquileia was a foot longer than the normal length; unde etiam vulgo tractum est, cum de longis et ineptis hominibus tractaretur, caliga Maximini. ed. Diocl. Ix 6 caligae militares sine clabo. When Octavian B.C. 41 offered to make the senators and veterans umpires in his dispute with Fulvia, the veterans set up a court at Gabii, but Fulvia and L. Antonius did not appear DCass. XLVIII 12 § 3 ẞouλny кaλıγᾶταν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν στρατιωτικῶν ὑποδημάτων χρήσεως ἀποκαλοῦντες. Tert. idol. 19 militia... caligata. Marquardt Staatsverw. 111 525-6. 25 CLAVORUM III 248 in digito clavus mihi militis haeret. Augustin. in 1 ep. Ioh. tract. 10 § 8 forte caligis clavatis contereret pedes tuos, Plin. Ix § 69 and XXII § 94 clavi caligares. xxxiv § 143 caligarii. from which passage it appears that they were of iron: the sole of the caliga was thickly studded with them Ioseph. bell. vI 1 §8 Tà yàp Úπодýμата жежapμéva πukvoîs kaì öğéσw (cf. Plin. Ix § 69 crebris atque praeacutis) ήλοις ἔχων, ὥσπερ τῶν ἄλλων στρατιωτῶν ἕκαστος. Sympos. aenigm. 57. Greg. dial. 14 (169) vir Dei clavatis calceatus caligis, falcem fenariam in collo deferens. Migne patrol. lat. xc 128a. 25 26 Who would venture so far from the city to accuse a soldier? Besides what friend is so true a Pylades, as to devote his life for his friend? 26 PYLADES Ov. tr. 1 5 21 (=IV 4·71) exemplum veri Phoceus amoris. r. a. 589 semper habe Pyladen aliquem, qui curet Orestem. Mart. vi 11 1 2 quod non sit Pylades hoc tempore, non sit Orestes, miraris? Pylades, Marce, bibebat idem. 9 ut praestem Pyladen, aliquis mihi praestet Oresten. Stat. s. 11 6 54 55 dignus et Haemonium Pyladen praecedere fama | Cecropiamque fidem. v 2 155–6 unanimi comes indefessus amici; | quo Pylades ex more pius. PapeBenseler Eigennamen. MOLEM AGGERIS ['the agger of the praetorian camp; which makes the irony stronger.' H.A. J. M.] 27 LACRIMAE SICCENTUR Grang. cites Ov. f. 1 509. her. 18 25 26. Prop. I 19 23. Quintil. XI 1 § 6. Let us dry up our tears at once, and not importune our friends (who on one pretext or another vill certainly put us off), to bear us company in our hazardous enterprise. 29 If when the judge calls on the accuser to produce his witnesses, the bystander, who chanced (nescio quis) to see the blow struck, dares to say 'I saw it,' he may be ranked with the noblest worthies of the good old times. DA TESTEM III 137. exx. from Cic. and Quintil. in Mühlmann 'do' col, 506. .... 29 30 AUDEAT ILLE, PUGNOS QUI VIDIT, DICERE 'VIDI' VII 13 14 hoc satius, quam si dicas sub iudice 'vidi' | quod non vidisti. Cic. Verr. Iv § 55. v § 165. 31 ET 1 155 n. viii 171. Hand Tursell. II 485. Sen. ben. iv 18 § 3. ep. 4 § 8 recognosce .et intelleges. 13 § 16 considera... et intelleges. 16 § 7 excute illam et invenies. 26 § 8 exspecta me pusillum et de domo fiet numeratio. Plin. ep. Ix 11 § 1 circumfer oculos et occurrent. Pind. N. Iv 37 Dissen. Plat. Theaet. 153°. Matt. 7 7. James 4 7. Lucian d. d. 2 2 evρvlμa Baîve kal be. Without et Sen. ep. 13 § 17. 36 § 11. ad Helv. 6 §§ 3 4. Kühner gr. Gr. 112 201. Roby § 1557. 31 32 DIGNUM BARBA DIGNUMQUE CAPILLIS MAIORUM IV 103. DS. IV 5 § 2 'the more ancient Bacchus is bearded, because all the ancients wore the beard long.' Varro r. r. II 11 § 10 barbers are said first to have come into Italy from Sicily A.U.c. 454 (B.c. 300), as is attested by public documents at Ardea, and to have been brought over by T. Ticinius Mena. That formerly there were no barbers appears from the statues of the ancients, which for the most part have long hair and beard.' Plin. vII § 211 Scipio Africanus the younger (sequens) first adopted the practice of daily shaving.' Shaving the beard continued in use till the time of Hadrian, as we see from the coins Pauly 12 2262-5. When the Gauls took Rome B.C. 390, M. Papirius (Liv. v 41 § 9) dicitur Gallo barbam suam, ut tum omnibus promissa erat, permulcenti scipione eburneo in caput incusso iram movisse. ib. xxvIII 35 § 6 the promissa caesaries of the elder Scipio. Cic. p. Sest. § 19 Halm unum aliquem te ex barbatis illis exemplum imperii veteris, imaginem antiquitatis, columen reipublicae diceres intueri. cf. id. fr. or. I p. Cornel. § 18 (in rhett. lat. 598 33 Halm) hic mos iam apud illos antiquos et barbatos fuit. p. Cael. § 33 illa horrida [barba], quam in satuis antiquis atque imaginibus videmus. finn. Iv § 62. Aen. vI 808. Tibull. I 1 34 Broukh, inton sis... avis. Hor. c. II 15 11 in tonsi Catonis. 1 12 41. Ov. f. vI 264. Mart. 1 24. Ix 28. Lucian cynic. 14 Túywva kai kóμŋv ἔχειν ἤρεσκεν αὐτῷ, καὶ οὐκ ἐκείνῳ μόνῳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς παλαιοῖς K.T.λ. Visconti iconogr. Rom. 1 pl. 1-3. Marquardt (2) 199. CAPILLIS V 30 capillato consule. I 32 CITIUS XV 19 n. 33 PAGANUM Opposed to miles (Plin. ep. x 86b-18 § 2), to armati (ib. VII 25 § 6). cf. dig. xxix 13. Tac. h. 1 53 fin. II 14. 88. III 24 (where Antonius Primus by way of taunt addresses his soldiers vos, nisi vincitis, pagini). 43. 77. IV 20. Suet. Aug. 27. Tert. pall. 4 p. m. paganos in miliaribus. dig. XLVIII 19 14. Dirksen manuale. 34 PUDOREM honour vIII 83. Sall. Cat. 16 § 2 ubi eorum famam atque pudorem adtriverat. Caes. b. G. 1 40 § 14. Liv. v 46 § 7. Plin. xxxvI § 108 pudor Romani nominis proprius, qui saepe res perditas servavit in proeliis. Plin. ep. 11 4 § 2 famam defuncti pudoremque suscipere. v1§6 qui defunctae pudorem tueretur. dig. XLVII 10 1 § 5 iniuria, quae fit liberis nostris, nostrum pudorem pertingit. Dirksen minuale. Aurelian's charge to his vicarius (Vopisc. 7 §§ 5-8) on the theme manus militum contine ends qui litem fecerit, vapulet. 35-50 the second privilege of the soldiery: civilians wait long for the decisions of their suits: soldiers meet with a speedy settlement. 36 SACRAMENTORUM schol. 'militiae quia iurabant.' Tac. h. 1 5 miles urlanus longo Caesarum sacramento inbutus. 38 SACRUM SAXUM Liv. XLI 13 § 1 sacrum lapiden. EFFODIT MEDIO DE LIMITE SAXUM the land-mark or statue of the god Terminus. Hor. c. 11 18 23-26 quid quod usque proximos | revellis agri terminos et ultra | limites clientium | salis_avarus? Ov. f. II 641-4 Termine, sive lapis sive es defossus in agro | stipes, ab antiquis tu quoque numen habes. | te duo diversa domini pro parte coronant | binaque serta tibi binaque liba ferunt. cf. ib. 639-684. Terminus cannot be 'evoked' nor his temple 'exaugurated' Liv. 1 55 §§ 3-5. Cato in Fest. 'nequitum' p. 162 M (origg. 1 24 p. 59 Peter) fana in eo loco conpluria fuere. ea exauguravit praeterquam quod Termino fanum fuit: id nequitum exaugurari. Lact. 1 20 §§ 37-42. Aug. civ. D. Iv 29. v 21. Sen. Hipp. (Phaedra 536-7) nullus in campo sacer | divisit agros arbiter populis lapis. He who 'removed his neighbour's land-mark' was accused among the Romans (inscr. on a terminus in Orelli 4332 quisquis hoc sustulerit aut laeserit, ultimus suorum moriatur. Paulus Fest. 363 M. esp. grom. 350-1 L from Vegoia cum autem Iuppiter terram Etruriae sibi vindicavit, constituit iussitque metiri campos signarique agros. sciens hominum avaritiam vel terrenum cupidinem, terminis omna scita [fortasse saepta vel sancita L] esse voluit. quos quandoque ... ob avaritiam prope novissimi octavi saeculi [Iuv. XIII 28 n.] data sibi [frtasse lascivi L] homines malo dolo violabunt contingentque atque movebunt. sed qui contigerit moveritque, possessionem promovendo suam, alteris minuendo, ob hoc scelus damnabitur a dis. si servi faciant, domaio mutabuntur in deterius. sed si conscientia dominica fiet, celerius lomus extirpabitur gensque eius omnis interiet. motores autem pessimi morbis et vulneribus afficientur membrisque suis debilitabuntur. tum tiam terra a tempestatibus vel turbinibus plerumque labe movebitur. fretus saepe laedentur decutienturque imbribus atque grandine, caniculis interient, robigine occident. erunt multae dissensiones in populo. fiei haec scitote, cum talia scelera committuntur. Rudorff ib. II 236-250. dig. XLVII 21'de termino moto.' Preller röm. Myth.1 227-231. E. Clark Roman law 52 53) as amongst the Israelites (deut. 19 14 Grcius. 27 17. prov. 22 28. Job 24 2. Hos. 5 10. Sibyll. III 240) and Greks (Plato legg. 843a K. F. Hermann de terminis eorumque religione apd Graecos. Gött. 1847. 4to). 39 CM PATULO PULS ANNUA LIBO originally it was forbidden to offer bloody oerings to Terminus Plut. qu. Rom. 15. DH. 11 74 πeλάνους δὲ Δήμητρος αὶ ἄλλας τινὰς καρπῶν ἀπαρχάς. These were offered on the Terminali (ANNUA) Febr. 23 at the end of the ancient year. PULS ANNUA XI 58. XIV 171 n. Varro in Non. 'mactat kalendis Iuniis et publice et privatim favatam pultem diis mactat. Plin. xvIII § 84 et hodie sacra prisca atque natalium pulte fritilla conciuntur. Tert. spect. 12 fin. idem de apparatibus interpretabimur in ipsrum honorum suggestu deputandis, quod purpurae, quod fasces, quod vitte, quod coronae, quod denique contiones et edicta et pultes pridiana sine pompa diaboli, sine invitatione daemonum non sunt. Arn. 11 2 ipse autem qui infertur cibus sit unus atque idem semper, nihil maria differens nec per varios redintegratus sapores, sed aut fitilla de mib aut sit panis ex farre, aut, ut saecula imitemur antiqua, ex cinere caldo glades. VII 24 quid fitilla, quid frumen, quid africia, quid gratilla? . . ex quibus duo, quae prima, sunt pultium nomina sed genere et qualitat diversa, series vero quae sequitur liborum signif cantias continet.... non magmenta, non augmina, non mille species .. fitillarum, quibs nomina indidistis obscura vulgoque ut essent augustiora fecistis. LIBO III 187 n. ... Verg. ecl. 7 33 34 haec te liba, Priape, quotannis | expectare sat est. 40 xш esp. 135 seq. PERGIT NON REDDERE Cic. in lexx. Fabri on 41 =XIII 137. cf. 42 43 The Liv. XXI 22 § 9. XIV 315 316 n. civilian cannot, like the soldier (49), choose his own time, he must wait until, among the suits of the whole people, his turn comes. Actions between civilians (before the centumviri) were heard in the order in which application had been made to the praetor. 42 EXPECTANDUS ERIT ANNUS Cic de prov. cons. § 17 hoc tempore amisso annus est integer vobis exspectandus. The courts are so choked with business, that we must wait & year for the beginning of the hearing-not of our own individual suit, lut of the whole nation's litigation. Serv. Aen. 11 102 'suo ordine uno reatu et est de antiqua tractum scientia, quia in ordine dicebantur causae proper multitudinem vel tumultum festinantium, cum erat annus litium, Iuvenalis exspectandus ... annus.' Iuv. however does not warrant the trm annus litium. Ter. haut. 240 dum moliuntur, dum conantur, annusest. Sen. apocol. 12 22 23 quis nunc iudex | toto lites audiet anno? LITES INCHOET dig. XLII 1 54 {1 si litem ITES TOTIUS inchoatam deseruit. POPULI how long the settlement of a cause might be defered, appears from Suet. Vesp. 10 iudicia centumviralia, quibus vix sufctura litigatorum aetas videbatur. 44 TAEDIA Neue 12 424. MRAE properly Plin. ep. 1 18 § 6 iudicium centumvirale differri nullo mdo... potest. Yet a whim of the praetor (ib. v 9=21 § 1 descenderar in basilicam Iuliam, auditurus quibus proxima comperendinatione respadere debebam. § 2 sedebant iudices, decemviri venerant, obversabantur idvocati, silentium longum, tandem a praetore nuntius. dimittuntur cetumviri, eximitur dies, me gaudente, qui numquam ita paratus sum ut non mora laeter. § 3 causa dilationis Nepos praetor, qui legibusquaerit), or the want of the full number of iudices, might cause delays. SUBSELLIA 14. 45 STERNUNTUR the apparitores put the cushions on the bench. When the pleader Caedicius is already laying aside his lacerna 148 n. Suet. Cl. 6 lacernas deponere solebat, a compliment to aprince), and preparing to address the court in the toga:' Ix 28 29 laernas, | munimenta togae. Sen. contr. x pr. § 2 p. 460 K=21 B of Scaurus dicebat neglegenter; saepe causam in ipsis subselliis, sepe dum amicitur discebat. Plin. ep. 11 3 § 2 surgit amicitur icipit. so of an exiled orator ib. Iv 11 § 3 cum Graeco pallio amictul intrasset (carent enim togae iure, quibus aqua et igni interdictum est) postquam se composuit circumspexitque habitum suum, 'Latine' ingit 'declamaturus sum.' dices, tristia et miseranda. Quintilian's directin to pleaders XI 3 § 156 leniter est consurgendum, tum in componenda ga.... paulum commorandum. The toga was worn in court as the dtinctive dress of Romans III 127 n. cf. 11 66-82. VIII 240 n. Liv. xx126 § 1 is iuvenis, ut primum...pecunia a patre relicta animos ad spem leralioris fortunae fecit, togaque et forum placuere, § 2 proclamando proordidis hominibus causisque adversus rem et famam bonorum primum i notitiam populi, deinde ad honores pervenit. Suet. Claud. 15 illud qoque a maioribus natu audiebam, adeo causidicos patientia eius solito abuti, ut descendentem e tribunali non solum voce revocarent, sed et lacia togae retenta, |