ἄγουσιν ἐπιτιμᾶν, μήτοι γε δὴ τοῖς υἱοῖς. χωρὶς δὲ τούτων γένοιντο ἂν αὐτοῖς τῶν ἀδικημάτων σύμβουλοι καὶ διδάσκαλοι.

1-85 Children learn vice from their parents: the children of the gambler (4-5) the epicure (7-14) the cruel master (15-24) or the false wife (25-30) will with rare exceptions (31-37) follow in their parents' steps. If nothing else can deter men from vice, yet reverence for the young should (38-49): if a son errs, his father corrects his fault; yet with what face can he do so, while he himself is worse of the two (48-58)? Our houses are swept and put in trim when a guest is looked for; we are content that our sons see them stained with vice (59-69). All depends on early training; the stork, vulture, eagle, when full fledged, seek no other prey than such as they first fed on in the nest (70-85). 1 PLURIMA SUNT.. QUAE V 130. 2 FIGENTIA So, of

FUSCINE Unknown.

a permanent dye or 'tan' Pers. Iv 33 figas in cute solem. Petron. 102 nec vestem atramento adhaesuram, quod frequenter etiam non arcessito ferrumine infigitur. 3 MONSTRANT shew in example. TRADUNT teach' (cf, accipio ‘I learn') Sen. ep. 40 § 3 praecepta. anthol. Lat. 159 R discipulum medicus quidam suscepit adultum, | traderet ut iuveni dogma salutiferum.

4 DAMNOSA ALEA Ov. a. a. II 206 Heins damnosi facito stent tibi saepe canes. Mart. XIV 18 alea parva nuces et non damnosa videtur: | saepe tamen pueris abstulit illa nates. id. v 84 1-5. cf Pers. v 57 hunc alea decoquit. anthol. Lat. 193 11 pascitur a multis avide damnosa voluptas. SENEM Cic. Cato mai. § 58 nobis seniSuet. Aug.

bus ex lusionibus multis talos relinquant et tesseras. 71 inter cenam lusimus yeрovтikŵs. ib. 70. 72. Eurip. Med. 68. Ladies also used to give much time to such amusements Plin ep VII 24 § 5 solere se ut feminam in illo otio sexus laxare animum lusu calculorum. ALEA XI 176 n. 5 BULLATUS v 164 n. XIII

manu.

33 n. bullatus aleator like 1 78 praetextatus adulter. AKMA I 91 92 proelia.. armigero. Amm. XIV 6 § 25 of the poor pugnaciter aleis certant. Ov. tr. Iv 1 32 nec nisi lu sura movimus arma FRITILLO Mart. v 84 3. Marquardt v (2) 427. Porphyr. on Hor. s. II 7 17 makes the fritillus the same as the phimus or pyrgus: so Becker Gallus III 254: schol. h. 1. distinguishes the phimus from the pyrgus, and is doubtful with which to identify the fritillus 'FRITILLO, pyxide cornea, qui puòs dicitur Graece: fritinnire aves dicuntur [id est] strepere aut sonare: apud antiquos nam in cornu mittebant tesseras moventesque fundebant: aut fritillum pyrgum dixit.' The pyrgus (anthol. Lat. 193 R. Sid. ep. VIII 12 tessera frequens eboratis pyrgorum resultatura gradibus) and turricula (Mart. xiv 16) had indentations on the inside; whether the fritillus had, does not appear from the quotations in Salmas. ad Vopisc. Proc. p. 754 seq.: it is certain that the fritillus was used for shaking and throwing the dice Mart. xiv 1 3. Iv 14 8. Sen. apocol. 14 fin. placuit novam poenam excogitari debere... Aeacus iubet illum alea ludere pertuso fritillo 15 quotiens missurus erat resonante fritillo, | utraque subducto fugiebat tessera fundo. ib. 12 fin. qui concusso | magna parastis lucra fritillo. 6 MELIUS better than the heres ver. 4.

...

7 QUI RADERE cet. who has learnt from his father to peel truffles etc. Gourmands could not trust the cook to prepare the choicer dishes Hor. s. II 4. TUBERA V 116 n. Recipes for tubera in Apic. vII 319-324. 319 begins tubera radis. 8 BOLETUM

IUV. II.

19

v 147 n. cf. Hor. s. II 4 20. Sen. ep. 95 § 25 boletos, volup tarium venenum, nihil occulti operis iudicas facere, etsi praesentanei non fuerunt? ib. 108 § 15 ostreis boletisque in omnem vitam renuntiatum

est.

nec enim cibi, sed oblectamenta sunt ad edendum saturos cogentia, quod gratissimum est edacibus et se ultra quam cupiunt farcientibus, facile descensura, facile reditura. id. n. q. v 4 § 10 ardentes boletos et raptim indumento suo mersatos demittunt paene fumantes. Plin. ep. 1 7 § 6. ib. 15 § 2 Gierig. Mart. xII 48 1. XIII 48. Recipes for dressing boleti in Apic. VII §§ 316-318. EODEM as the truffle. In Apicius 11. cc. the dressings of both contain among other ingredients caroenum, coriandrum, ligisticum, modicum mellis, piper, liquamen, oleum modicum. NATANTIS Hor s. 11 8 42 affertur squillas inter murena natantis. Pers. v 183. 9 MERGERE to swallow XI 39. FICELLAS Lachm. (on Lucr. pp. 204-5) for ficedulas. Lucil. 29 87 ficellae. Varr. Menipp. fr. 529 Bücheler øiλavaλwrai edones Romae, ut turba incendant annonam, et propter phagones ficedulam pinguem aut turdum nisi volantem non video. In the pontiffs' bill of fare (Macr. III 13 § 12). Cordus (in Capitolin. Albin. 11 § 3) says that Albinus ate at one meal ficedulas centum. ficedula (beccafico) in Mart. XIII 5, who recommends pepper with it. Favorinus (in Gell. xv 8 § 2) states that the leading epicures (praefecti popinae) served up no other bird entire. Tiberius (Suet. 42) rewarded Asellus Sabinus for a dialogue in quo boleti et ficedulae et ostreae et turdi certamen induxerat. Among the dishes served up at Trimalchio's feast were (what seemed to be) peafowls' eggs, which were found to contain Petron. 33 fin. pinguissimam ficedulam...piperato vitello circumdatam. cf. Mart. XIII 49. Plin. x § 86 formam simul coloremque mutant. hoc nomen autumno habent, postea melancoryphi vocantur. Varr. 1. 1. v § 76. Hier. adv. Iovin. 7 (11 334) apud nos attagen et ficedula, mullus et scarus in deliciis computantur. 10 MONSTRANTE Symphos. aenigm.

101 2 me monstrante magistro. GULA I 140 n. v 158 n. x 259 260 Hectore...ac reliquis fratrum cervicibus. XII 4 vellus. 112 ebur. II 114 gutturis.

10 11 SEPTIMUS ANNUS...NONDUM OMNI DENTE RENATO Hippokr. de carnibus I 434 Kühn ἐκπίπτουσι δὲ ἐπειδὰν ἐπὶ τὰ ἔτεα εἴη τῆς πρώτης τροφῆς, ἔστι δὲ καὶ οἷς πρότερον, ἣν ἀπὸ νοσερῆς τροφῆς φύσωσιν. τοῖς δὲ πλείστοισιν, ἐπειδὰν ἑπτὰ ἔτεα γένηται. cf. ibid. ad fin. p. 444. id. in Philo opific. mundi § 36 (Philo ib. § 35). Plaut. Menaechmi 1116. Varro in Gell. III 10 § 12. Sen. ben. Iv 6 § 6. ib. vir 1 § 5 licet nescias, quare septimus quisque annus aetati signum inprimat. Solon fr 25 Bergk παῖς μὲν ἄνηβος ἐὼν ἔτι νήπιος ἕρκος ὀδόντων | φύσας ἐκβάλλει πρŵтоV Év Éπт TEσIV. cf. Censorin. 14 § 7. proverb in schol. Aristoph. ran. 418 ÖS ÉTTétns ŵv ödóvтas oùк equσev. Plin. vII § 68. Macr. somn. I 6 § 70. Martian. Cap. VII § 639. Aus. monosyll. de membris 1 indicat in pueris septennia prima novus dens. Basil. de hominis structura or. 1 18 (1 331a Bened.). Ambr. ep. 1 44 § 13. Hier. ep. 98=12 (IV 2 798 Ben.) cum autem virgunculam rudem et edentulam septimus aetatis annus exceperit et coeperit erubescere, scire quid taceat, dubitare quid dicat, discat memoriter psalterium. [Boëth.] de discipl. scholarium 1 pr. indiscrete impotens septennis infantia ducitur ad imbuendum. After the completion of the sixth year Plato directs that boys and girls should be separately educated legg. 794. [Plato] Axioch. 366 òóτar δὲ εἰς τὴν ἑπταετίαν ἀφίκηται πολλοὺς πόνους διαντλῆσαν, παιδαγωγοὶ καὶ γραμματισταὶ καὶ παιδοτρίβαι τυραννούντες. Aristot. pol. v 17 1336 a 41 ταύτην

γὰρ τὴν ἡλικίαν, καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ ἐτῶν, ἀναγκαῖον οἴκοι τὴν τροφὴν ἔχειν. ib. b 35 διελθόντων δὲ τῶν πέντε ἐτῶν τὰ δύο μέχρι τῶν ἑπτὰ δεῖ θεωροὺς ἤδη γίγνεσθαι τῶν μαθήσεων, ἃς δεήσει μανθάνειν αὐτούς. δύο δ ̓ εἰσὶν ἡλικίαι πρὸς ἃς ἀναγκαῖον διηρῆσθαι τὴν παιδείαν, μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑπτὰ μέχρι ἥβης καὶ πάλιν μετὰ τὴν ἀφ' ἥβης μέχρι τῶν ἑνὸς καὶ εἴκοσιν ἐτῶν. The public training of the Spartan children began with the seventh year (Plut. Lycurg. 16). Porphyr. vita Plot. § 3 pr. Plotinus went to school before he was eight years of age. Iulian Misopogon 352 μετ ̓ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕβδομον αὐτῷ παρεδόθην. οὗτος ἐξ ἐκείνου ταῦτα ἀνέπεισεν ἄγων εἰς διδασκάλου μίαν οδόν. Quintil. I 1 §§ 15 16 quidam litteris instituendos, qui minores septem annis essent, non putaverunt, quod illa primum aetas et intellectum disciplinarum capere et laborem pati posset. in qua sententia Hesiodum esse plurimi tradunt......sed alii quoque auctores, inter quos Eratosthenes, idem praeceperunt.

12 BARBATOS MAGISTROS Varr. Menipp. περιπλ. II 3 (fr. 419 Bücheler) videas barbato illum rostro commentari et unumquodque verbum statera auraria pendere. Hor, s. I 3 133. II 3 17. ib. 35 sapientem pascere barbam. Sen. ep. 5 § 2. 48 § 7. Pers. IV 1 2 barbatum hoc crede magistrum | dicere, i.e. Socrates. Plin. ep. 1 10 g§ 6 speaking of Euphrates demissus capillus, ingens et cana barba; quae licet fortuita et inania putentur, illi tamen plurimum venerationis adquirunt. Gell. rx 2 §§ 1-4 Gellius was present with Herodes Atticus, when there came up palliatus quispiam et crinitus barbaque prope ad pubem usque porrecta ac petit aes sibi dari εἰς ἄρτους. Who are you ?? asked Herodes. atque ille vultu sonituque vocis obiurgatorio philosophum sese esse dicit et mirari quoque addit, cur quaerendum putasset, quod videret. 'video' inquit Herodes barbam et pallium, philoso-. phum nondum video.' Quintil. XI 1 § 34 (cl. § 33 philosophiam ex professo ostentantibus) barbae illi atque tristitiae. Mart. Ix 47. Arrian Epikt. 1 16 § 9 seq. Lucian Iup. trag. 16 Zeus, on a visit to the earth, sees philosophers debating in the Stoa: καὶ ἔτυχον γὰρ νεφέλην τῶν παχειῶν περιβεβλημένος, σχηματίσας ἐμαυτὸν εἰς τὸν ἐκείνων τρόπον καὶ τὸν πώγωνα ἐπισπασάμενος εὖ μάλα ἐῴκειν φιλοσόφῳ. id. Demon. 13. quom. conscr. hist. 17 ἥκιστα σοφῷ ἀνδρὶ καὶ πώγωνι πολιῷ καὶ βαθεῖ πρέπον. Hermot. 18. Philops. 5. merc. cond. 25. bis acc. 6. dial. mort. 10 8. eunuch. 8 9. pisc. 11. 41. Arrian. Epikt. Iv 8 § 4 seq. οὗτος φιλόσοφος. Διὰ τί ; Τρίβωνα γὰρ ἔχει καὶ κόμην. Οἱ δ' ἀγύρται τί ἔχουσιν; διὰ τοῦτο, ἂν ἀσχημονοῦντά τις ἴδῃ τινὰ αὐτῶν, εὐθὺς λέγει, Ἰδοὺ ὁ φιλόσοφος [τί] ποιεῖ. ἔδει δ', ἀφ ̓ ὧν ἠσχημύνει, μᾶλλον λέγειν αὐτὸν μὴ εἶναι φιλόσοφον. εἰ μὲν γὰρ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ τοῦ φιλοσόφου πρόληψις καὶ ἐπαγγελία, ἔχειν τρίβωνα καὶ κόμην, καλῶς ἂν ἔλεγον. § 12 Τίς οὖν ὕλη τοῦ φιλοσόφου ; μὴ τρίβων ; Οὔ, ἀλλὰ ὁ λόγος. Τί τέλος ; μή τι φορεῖν τρίβωνα; Οὔ, ἀλλὰ τὸ ὀρθὸν ἔχειν τὸν λόγον. Ποια θεωρήματα; μή τι τὰ περὶ τοῦ πῶς πώγων μέγας γίνηται ἢ κόμη βαθεῖα; Apul. m. xr 8 p. 1010 Hild. qui pallio baculoque et buxeis et hircino barbitio philosophum fingeret. Sidon. ep. Iv 11 pr. Savaro. Periz. on Ael. v. h. III 19. xI 10. anthol. Palat. xΙ 1548. Liban. epist. 579. 605. 15 seq. Does Rutilus teach his son forbearance, or not rather cruelty to his slaves, qui gaud. cet.? 16 ANIMAS ET CORPORA SERVORUM CONSTARE NOSTRA MATERIA that the soul and body of slaves are constituted as ours. So nostra belongs to tempestate in v1 25 26 sponsalia nostra | tempestate paras. Philem. fr. 39 Didot κἂν δοῦλος ἢ τις, σάρκα τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει. id. in Stob. f. LXII 28 κἂν δοῦλος ᾗ τις, οὐδὲν ἧττον, δέσποτα, | ἄνθρωπος οὗτός ἐστιν, ἂν ἄνθρωπος ᾖ. DH. Iv 23. Petron. 71 Reines. Sen. vita

beata 24 § 3. ben. I 18 seq. 28 § 4. ep. 31 § 11. 44. 47 (copied by Macrob. sat. I 11) esp. § 1 servi sunt? immo homines. servi sunt? immo contubernales. servi sunt? immo humiles amici. servi sunt? immo conservi, si cogitaveris tantumdem in utrosque licere fortunae. § 5 ne tamquam hominibus quidem, sed tamquam iumentis abutimur. § 10 vis tu cogitare istum quem servum tuum vocas, ex iisdem seminibus ortum eodem frui caelo, aeque spirare, aeque vivere, aeque mori? ib. §§ 13-18. Macrob. 1. c. § 2 servos hominum in numero esse non pateris? § 6 tibi autem unde in servos tantum et tam immane fastidium, quasi non ex isdem tibi et constent et alantur elementis eundemque spiritum ab eodem principe carpant? Quintil. III 8 § 31 liberos enim natura omnes et isdem constare elementis, et fortasse antiquis etiam nobilibus ortos dici potest. Arrian Epiktet. 1 13 When you call for hot water, and your slave does not answer, or brings it lukewarm, or is not to be found in the house, if you pass the matter over, is not this well-pleasing to the gods?" "How then can I bring myself to pass it over?" Slave, will you not bear with your own brother, who has Zeus for his ancestor, who is born from the same seed, and from the same heavenly stock? ... Bear in mind who you are, and whom you rule, your kinsmen, your brothers by nature, the offspring of Zeus." cf. Lightfoot on ep. Philipp. p. 305. Cato IV 44. Cypr. ad Demetrian. 8 ipse de servo tuo exigis servitutem et homo hominem parere tibi et oboedire compellis, et cum sit vobis eadem sors nascendi, condicio una moriendi, corporum materia consimilis, animarum ratio communis, tamen nisi tibi pro arbitrio tuo serviatur, imperiosus et nimius servitutis exactor flagellas, verberas, fame, siti, nuditate et ferro frequenter et carcere adfligis et crucias. dig. Iv 5 3 1 servile caput nullum ius habet. servis nostris exaequat quadrupedes. quod attinet ad ius civile, servi pro nullis habentur: non tamen et iure naturali, quia, quod ad ius naturale attinet, omnes homines aequales sunt.

...

IX 2 2 2

17 CONSTARE Serv. Aen. IV 654 tribus constamus: anima... corpore... umbra. PARIBUSQUE ELEMENTIS Stat. Th. XII 555-7 hominum, inclite Theseu, sanguis erant, homines eademque in sidera eosdem | sortitus animarum alimentaque vestra creati.

18 RUTILUS one of the name XI 2 5 21.

GAUDET cet. 63 n. vI 219-223. Grangaeus cites Suet. Calig. 33 cum assistens simulacro Iovis Apellen tragoedum consuluisset uter illi_maior videretur, cunctantem flagellis discidit, conlaudans subinde vocem deprecantis quasi etiam in gemitu praedulcem.

19 SIRENA Ix 150.

FLAGELLIS VI 479. x 180. XIII 195 n. cf. v 173 n. cats.' Catull. 25 11. Sen. const. sap. 5 §1 invenies servum qui flagellis quam colaphis caedi malit. Marquardt v (1) 189. Kirchner on Hor. s. 1 3 119. Rich companion. 20 ANTIPHATES AC POLYPHEMUS Ov. Pont. I 2 113 114 nec tamen Aetnaeus vasto Polyphemus in antro | accipiet voces Antiphatesve tuas. cf Ibis 385 386.

II

ANTIPHATES the tyrant' Iv 133 n. x 318 n. XIII 249 n. Antiphates was king of the Laestrygones xv 18. Ov. m. x 233–240. Pont. 9 41 quis non Antiphaten Laestrygona devovet? Stat. s. 1 3 84-5 litusque cruenti | Antiphatae. Sidon. c. 22 2 Antiphatae mensas. Namat. I 382 hospite conductor durior Antiphate.

21 TORTORE VI 475-495. xiii 195. Hor. ep. I 2 59 Obbar. 15 36 Obbar. Sen. contr. 13 § 5 tortor vocatur; see

the whole of this and the following controversies. ib. 29 § 4 instabam tormentis. ... non satis mihi ardere ignes videbantur, non satis incidere verbera. ib. 34 tortor cum ignibus, flagellis, eculeis. Pers. III 29. Friedländer 14 466. 22 URITUR Cic. top. § 74 verberibus, tormentis, igni fatigati quae dicunt, ea videtur veritas ipsa dicere. Verr. v § 163 cum ignes ardentesque lamminae ceterique cruciatus admovebantur. Prop. v=IV 7 35 Passerat Lygdamus uratur, candescat lammina vernae. Hieron. vita Pauli 3 martyrem .. inter eculeos lamminasque victorem, qui ignitas sartagines ante superasset. Chariton 1 5 pr. LINTEA III 263 n. often stolen Catull. XII (cf. xxv). So of mappae Mart. vIII 59 8. XII 29. 23 IUVENI his son 121. III 158. x 310. cf. pueris 3.

24 INSCRIPTA ERGASTULA X 183 n. Aristoph. ran. 1511 Thiersch. Plaut. Cas. 11 6 49 (cf. Apul. met. Ix 12) litteratus. Cic. off. II § 25 barbarum et eum quidem... compunctum notis Thraeciis (called ib. barbarum et stigmatiam). Sen. de ira III 3 § 6 of anger ostendenda est rabies eius effrenata et adtonita adparatusque illi reddendus est suus, eculei et fidiculae et ergastula et cruces, varia vinculorum genera, varia poenarum, lacerationes membrorum, inscriptiones frontis. Columell. x 125 Gesner fronti data signa fugarum. Schwarz on Plin. pan. 35 § 3 (method of effacing the brand). VM. vi 8 § 7 servus ab eo vinculorum poena coercitus inexpiabilique litterarum nota per summam oris contumeliam inustus. Plin. XVIII § 21 nunc eadem illa vincti pedes, damnatae manus inscriptique vultus exercent. Mart. II 29 10. III 21 1 famulus.. fronte notata. VIII 75 9 quattuor inscripti. DL. IV § 46' my father was a freedman ëxwv où πρóσwπov, åλλà συγγραφὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου, τῆς τοῦ δεσπότου πικρίας σύμβο Aov. Pont. vita Cypr. 7 confessores frontium notatarum secunda inscriptione signatos. Casaub. hist. Aug. 1 386 ed. 1671. Hesych. 8. V. Ιστριανά. Claud. in Eutrop. I 344 345 iura regunt, quamvis facies inscripta repugnet, | seque suo prodat titulo. Macrob. sat. I 11 § 19 servus compeditus inscripta fronte. The letters F. H. E. L. T. i.e. fugitivus hic est L. Titii (or whatever the owner's name might be), were branded on the forehead of runaway slaves (Heinecc. antiq. 15 § 11 n. Petron. 103 seq. fugitivorum epigramma). Lucian catapl. 24. Lipsius elect. II 15. Becker-Hermann Charikles III 38. Becker-Rein Gallus ir3 148. Marquardt v (1) 191. Forbiger Rom 11 76. Hellas 1 27 n. 76. lexx. Oriyμarlas. orisw. Constantine forbade branding except on the hands and legs cod. 1x 47 17 quo facies, quae ad similitudinem pulchritudinis est caelestis figurata, minime maculetur. ERGASTULA CARCER Liv. VII 4 § 4 in opus servile, prope in carcerem atque in ergastulum. ERGASTULA VI 151. vIII 180 n. Sen. contr. 9 § 26 non me delectant ignoti servorum domino greges nec sonantia laxi ruris ergastula. Here used (as domus is for a household XI 193 n.) for the slaves confined in the barracoons. Colum. 1 3 § 12 of the owners of whole districts fines gentium...occupatos nexu civium et ergastulis tenent. Plin. XVIII § 21 et nos miramur ergastulorum non eadem emolumenta esse, quae fuerint imperatorum. Flor. 11 8=III 20 § 6 of the revolted slaves ex ferro ergastulorum recocto gladios ac tela fecerunt. ib. II 18=IV 8 § 1 of Sextus Pompeius cum insuper ergastula armasset. cf. stabula. custodiae for 'prisoners.' Tert. apol. 27 fin. vice rebellantium ergastulorum sive carcerum vel metallorum vel hoc genus poenalis servitutis. Namat. I 447 sive suas repetunt fatorum ergastula poenas.