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duba Baetin amat, | vellera nativo pallent ubi flava metallo, et linit Hesperium brattea viva pecus. XII 63 3-5 of Corduba albi quae superas oves Galaesi, nullo murice nec cruore mendax, | sed tinctis gregibus colore vivo. ib. 65 5. 98 1 2. Tert. pall. 3 Saumaise nec de ovibus dico,...quis Tarentum vel Baetica cluet natura colorante. Non. p. 549 fin. pullus color est quem nunc Spanum vel nativum dicimus. cf. Verg. ecl. 4 42-45. Marquardt v (2) 88.

SED ET XIII 102 n.

43 MITTERE Hor. c. III 24 47-50 vel nos in mare proximum | gemmas et lapides, aurum et inutile | ...mittamus.

44 PARTHENIO schol. 'caelatoris nomen.' He must have been a silversmith, as lances and cratera are in apposition to argentum. Parthenio dat. Zumpt § 419. Madvig § 250 a.

URNAE 24 sextarii, nearly 3 gallons.

45 CRATERA DIGNUM SITIENTE PHOLO Stat. Th. II 563 564 qualis in adversos Lapithas erexit inanem | magnanimus cratera Pholus. VFl. 1 337 338 signiferum cratera minantem | non leviore Pholum manus haec compescuit auro. Theokr. vI 149 150 schol. apá vé тa тоióνde Þóλw Kaтà λάϊνον ἄντρον | κρητῆρ ̓ Ἡρακλῆϊ γέρων ἐστάσατο Χείρων; Ath. 49906 Στησί χορος [fr. 7 Bergk] τὸ παρὰ Φόλῳ τῷ Κενταύρῳ ποτήριον σκύφειον δέπας καλεῖ...σκύπφειον δὲ λαβὼν δέπας ἔμμετρον ὡς τριλάγυνον | πῖεν ἐπισχόμενος, тó þá оi таρélŋke Þóλos кepáσas. Lucian conviv. 14 the cynic Alkidamas scorning small cups, Aristaenetos beckoned to the waiter to bring evμeɣéðŋ σkúpov. Alkidamas took it and threw himself half-naked on the ground πήξας τὸν ἀγκῶνα ὀρθὸν, ἔχων ἅμα τὸν σκύφον ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ, οἷος ὁ παρὰ τῷ Φόλῳ Ἡρακλῆς ὑπὸ τῶν γραφέων δείκνυται. On the cask which Pholos opened for his guest (Luc. vi 391) Hercules cf. Apollod. 11 5 4. DS. Iv 12; on the centaur himself Verg. g. 11 456 Philargyr.

CONIUGE FUSCI schol. 'ebriosa fuit." VI 425 426 illa venit rubicundula, totum oenophorum sitiens, plena quod tenditur urna. cf. the drunken Saufeia vi 320. IX 116 117 subrepti potare Falerni | pro populo faciens quantum Saufeia bibebat. A Fuscus IV 112; another xvi 46. 46 BASCAUDAS schol. vasa, ubi calices lavabantur vel cacabus.' Rather our basket. Mart. xiv 99 barbara de pictis veni bascauda Britannis: | sed me iam mavult dicere Roma suam. ESCARIA dig.

XXXIV 2 19 § 12 si cui escarium argentum legatum sit, id solum debebitur, quod ad epulandum in ministerio habuit, id est, ad esum et potum. esc. vasa in Paul. sentent. III 6 §§ 61. 67. 86 etc. Dirksen manuale. 47 CAELATI I 76 n. dig. XXXIV 2 19 § 11. Marquardt v (2) 276. BIBERAT QUO II 95 vitreo bibat ille Priapo. x 25. Verg. g. 11 506 ut gemma bibat. Flin. vII § 12 Anthropophagos ...ossibus humanorum capitum bibere. CALLIDUS to Philip some ascribed the saying (Ael. v. h. vII 12 Perizonius) 'boys must be tricked by dice, men by oaths.' Lucian dial. mort. 14 § 3. Iustin. Ix 8 § 7 seq. Hermann Staats-Alt. § 172 14. EMPTOR OLYNTHI Philip of Macedon took Olynthus B. c. 348, by the aid of Lasthenes and Euthykrates, two citizens of high station, whom he had corrupted A. Schäfer Demosthenes u. s. Zeit ind. Olynth.' DS. XVI 53 54. Dem. de Chers. p. 99. Phil. I pp. 125. 128. de cor. p. 241. de f. 1. pp. 425 seq. 451. See generally Sen. ep. 94 § 62 tot civitatium strage, quas aut vicerat Philippus aut emerat. Cic. Att. 1 16 § 12 Philippus omnia castella expugnari posse dicebat, in quae modo asellus onustus auro posset ascendere. Plut. II 177. 856. id. Paul. Aem. 12 § 6. Hor. c. III 16 13-15 diffidit urbium | portas vir Macedo et subruit aemulos |

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reges muneribus. oracle given to Philip ἀργυρέαις λόγχαισι μάχου, καὶ Táνта кратýσεis (paroem. Leutsch 1 209 n. II 99 n.). On the venality of public men at the time see Demosth. passim; esp. de cor. p. 245 πaρà γὰρ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, οὐ τισίν, ἀλλ ̓ ἅπασιν ὁμοίως, φορὰν προδοτῶν καὶ δωροδόκων καὶ θεοῖς ἐχθρῶν ἀνθρώπων συνέβη γενέσθαι. οὓς συναγωνιστὰς καὶ συνεργοὺς λαβὼν καὶ πρότερον κακῶς τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἔχοντας πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς καὶ στασιαστ TIKWS ETI Xεipov dié0ŋке. ib. pp. 240 fin. 324 (where a list of traitors is given; cf. Hermann Staats-Alt. § 72 8). The mines of Thrace (Thirlwall v p. 269 seq. Iustin. vIII 3 § 12 auraria in Thessalia, argenti metalla in Thracia occupat. DS. xv1 8 §§ 6 7. Sen. n. q. v 15 §§ 1. 3. cf. Hor. ep. II 1 234 regale nomisma, Philippos) supplied funds for these bribes, which even the Pythia did not refuse (Demosth. in Aesch. c. Ktes. p. 72 § 130 IIvía piλimmige). The cup would not only have an antiquarian value (1 76 n. vIII 104 n. Berenice's ring vi 156. Hor. speaks jestingly of plate which had belonged to Evander and Sisyphus s. 1 3 91. II 3 21 cf. 64. Plin. xXXVII § 4 the ring of Polycrates, si credimus, a sardonyx in the temple of Concord. cf. § 8. DCass. LIX 21 § 6 when Caligula sold by auction the imperial jewels, he forced up the biddings by comments; this my father bought, this my mother, this my grandfather, this my great-grandfather; this belonged to Antonius, this to Augustus'; ib. LXXVII 7 § 1 Caracalla used armour and drinking-cups which had belonged to Alexander the great; Stat. s. Iv 6 59-88 felix dominorum stemmate signum, a Hercules of Lysippus had belonged to Alexander, Hannibal, Sulla; Lucian Philops. 19 a work of Daedalus: cf. Friedländer III 214 215. on mythical relios seen by Paus. Thirlwall või1 468 and my first Gr. reader3 xvi. 221: add Tanaquil's distaff and spindle and a robe spun by her for Servius Tullius Varro in Plin. vIII § 194. her miraculous girdle Festus s. v. praedia pp. 238. 241 M. Pelops' ivory shoulder Plin. XXVIII § 34. Becker-Hermann Charikles 1 99. Hertzberg Griechenl. III 22. 25),—but be prized as a memorial of a famous boon companion (Karyst. in Ath. 435 ὅτε...μεθύειν προῃρεῖτο Φίλιππος, τοῦτ ̓ ἔλεγε χρὴ πίνειν, ̓Αντίπατρος γὰρ ἱκανός ἐστι νήφων. cf. ib. 260. Iustin. IX 8 § 15. Plin. XXXIII 50 summa apud exteros licentiae fuerat Philippum regem poculo aureo pulvinis subdito dormire solitum). 48 49 pessimism cf. 1 147-150 n.

interrogations see Matthiä § 488 12 and obs. 2. 48-51 VIII 83 84. xi 11 n. XIV 273-283.

48 on double

50 51 Bentley on Hor. a. p. 337 'video hic in mediam narrationem sententiolas has intrudi, putide prorsus et perquam inscite...quorsum enim hic quidam? cum iam dixerat, ne unum quidem ulla mundi parte vitam patrimonio praeferre. quale autem illud, faciunt patrimonia? quae scabies locutionis? quam alienum et pannosum illud vitio caeci? quod eo tantum assuitur, ut versiculi cento sarciatur.' Markland 'stultissimi duo versus: in qua sententia cum gaudio video summum quoque Bentleium,' cf. Lupus 31. FACIUNT PATRIMONIA XIV 326. Hor. ep. 1 1 65 rem. so divitias, pecuniam Mühlmann 53. patrimonia not necessarily inherited vII 113. 52 RERUM UTILIUM

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54 RECCIDIT OV.

utensilia provisions and furniture Tac. ann. 1 70 Gron. NEC not even these sacrifices give any relief. met. x 180 reccidit in solidam longo post tempore terram. Corssen Aussprache 112 468. At last, as difficulties thickened upon him, he (the rector 33) was driven to cut down the mast, and so makes room to turn about in.' MALUM FERRO SUMMITTERET dig. xiv 2 5 § 1 arbore caesa, ut navis cum mercibus liberari possit. 55 EX

PLICAT SE dig. IX 2 29 § 3 si cum vi ventorum navis impulsa esset in funes anchorarum alterius et nautae funes praecidissent, si nullo alio modo nisi praecisis funibus explicare se potuit. ANGUSTUM in angusto conclusum. DISCRIMINIS ULTIMA Holyday 'distress is desperate, when the help makes the ship less.' Iuv. xv 95 bellorumque ultima. Luc. VIII 665 666 nihil ultima mortis | ex habitu vultuque viri mutasse. x 24.

56 FACTURA Iuv. has a predilection for this partic. Lupus 39. Kiaer 185. IV 50. v 32. VI 426-8 oenophorum... | ...de quo sextarius alter | ducitur ante cibum, rabidam facturus orexim. 605.

57 I NUNC ET x 165 n.

succinctus.

x 8. 49. 144. Mart. 11 6 1. Prop. IV=III

7 29 ite, rates curvas et leti texite causas. VENTIS ANIMAM COMMITTE etc. Sen. Med. 304-8 animam levibus credidit auris | dubioque secans aequora cursu | potuit tenui fidere ligno, inter vitae mortisque vias | nimium gracili limite ducto. Hor. c. 1 3 10. DOLATO a smooth plank, a piece of joiner's work. 58 CONFISUS nomin. as IV 23 24 tu voc. in vi 276 277 tu tibi tunc, Uruca, places ......quae scripta et quot lecture tabellas. DIGITIS etc. XIV 288. DL. 1 103 Anacharsis μαθὼν τέτταρας δακτύλους εἶναι τὸ πάχος τῆς νεώς, τοσοῦτον ἔφη τοῦ θανάτου τοὺς πλέοντας άréxev. Sen. contr. 16 § 10 scitis, nihil esse periculosius, quam etiam instructa navigia: parva materia seiungit fata. Arat. phaen. 298 299 schol. οἱ δ ̓ ἔτι πόρσω | κλύζονται, ὀλίγον δὲ διὰ ξύλον ἄϊδ ̓ ἐρύκει, as Longin. 10,§ 6 remarks, from Hom. Il. xv 628. cf. Alkiphr. 1 3. DChrys. or. 64 II 331 R (Valcken. diatr. p. 239 seq.) ovdè yàp πítтy τὴν ψυχὴν οὔτε σχοινίοις ἐπιτρέπουσιν, οὔτε τριδάκτυλον αὐτοὺς σώζει Úλov EÚKLVov. Liban. progymn. (1 124° in Valck.) oi λWTĤPES πλNσίον ἔχοντες τὸν θάνατον πλέουσι, λεπτὴν ἔχοντες εἰς σωτηρίαν ἐλπίδα τὰ ξύλα. Sen. ep. 49 § 11 erras, si in navigatione tantum existimas minimum esse, quo a morte vita diducitur: in omni loco aeque tenue intervallum est. Ov. am. II 11 26 et prope tam letum, quam prope cernit aquam. cf. Aesch. Th. 762. Aen. Ix 143. [Plat.] Axioch. 368b Bias reckoned men at sea neither amongst the living nor amongst the dead. 59 TAEDA the fir-plank.

CUM RETICULIS ET PANE Hor.

60 мox when on board.
s. I 1 47 reticulum panis, borne by a slave in a journey.
VENTRE LAGONAE IV 107 Montani venter.
v 29 n. VIII 162.

LAGONAE

61 ASPICE VIII 96 n. circumspice. 62-82 When the voyager's fate mightier than wind and sea proved prosperous, and the Parcae spun a white thread, the vessel ran under makeshift sails of clothes, and under the foresprit which alone remained. The sun brings back hope of life. Presently the white summit of Alba Longa comes in view, and the master brings his ship to anchor in the lee, behind the vast mole of Ostia's new harbour. The sailors offer their hair in gratitude for deliverance, and spin a merry yarn of the dangers of the deep. 62-66 repeat the same thought. cf. vII 41 42. 62-64 POSTQUAM thrice III 26 27 dum. 63 PROSPERA Common predicate The conj. FATUM XVI 1 n. 65 PENSA

135-7. XVI 25-34.

VII 53 54 cui...qui...qui.

to tempora and f. v. e. et p.; vectoris also belongs to both.

of Vales. vectori is probable.

64 PARCAE III 27.

MANU Stat. Ach. 1 260 261 si Lydia dura | pensa manu mollesque tulit Tirynthius hastas.

STAMINIS ALBI SO at the

nuptials of Peleus Catull. 63 305 seq. 318 319 ante pedes autem candentis mollia lanae | vellera. Sen. apocol. 4 3-6 at Lachesis redimita comas, ornata capillos, | Pieria crinem lauro frontemque coronans, candida de niveo subtemina vellere sumit, felici moderanda manu. VI 58 7 8 si mihi lanificae ducunt non pulla sorores | stamina. IV 73 3 4. Ov. Ibis 244 stamina pulla. id. tr. Iv 1 64. v 13 24.

Mart. id.

66 MULTUM FORTIOR X 197 n. Hand Tursell. III 669. Haase on Reisig 399. Iren. 11 30 § 4 fin. 4 Esdr. 7 66 Bensly. Quintil. x 1 § 94 n. 68 VESTIBUS EXTENTIS Tac. II 24 tandem relabente aestu et secundante vento claudae naves raro remigio aut intentis vestibus... revertere. id. h. v 23. SUPERAVERAT had remained. So Plaut. Caes. Cic. Liv. Verg. (e.g. Aen. v 519 amissa solus palma superabat Acestes). Hor. Tib. Staveren on Nep. Them. 7 § 2. Sall. h. I 41 § 11 Dietsch quid ultra? quaeve humana superant aut divina inpolluta sunt? 69 VELO PRORA SUO Schol. 'artemone solo velificaverunt.' Isid. xIx 3 3 dolon minimum velum, et ad proram defixum. cf. HSt. 63 euro. v 100. XIV 268.

AUSTRIS 70 IULO VII 42 n.

71 ATQUE joins gr. I. with n. s. p. L.; subl. apex is subject. NOVERCALI LAVINIO Liv. 1 1 § 11 oppidum condunt. Aeneas ab nomine uxoris Lavinium appellat. ib. 3 § 3 Ascanius...abundante Lavinii multitudine, florentem iam, ut tum res erant, atque opulentam urbem matri seu novercae reliquit, novam ipse aliam sub Albano monte condidit; quae ab situ porrectae in dorso urbis Longa Alba appellata. Aen. 1 267–271. XII 193 194 moenia Teucri | constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen. Varr. 1. 1. v § 144. Mart. xIII 109 of Alban wine vindemia | misit, Iuleo quae sibi monte placet. Tibull. 11 5 50 Albaque ab Ascanio condita Longa duce. Schwegler bk. 6 esp. p. 337 and ind. Klausen Aeneas 1080 n.

LAVINIO on the rhythm cf. vI 82 comitata est Eppia ludium. L. Müller de re metr. 257 reads Lavino, and in Aen. 1 2 Lavinaque litora (see Forbiger). ǎ also Aen. 1 258. 270. Tib. 11 5 49. Ov. f. III 629. 633, cf. Klausen Aeneas 832 n. Lachmann Lucr. 11 719. For the history cf. Schwegler ind. 72 APEX IV 145 n.

72 73 CUI CANDIDA NOMEN SCROFA hence scrofula, scurvy. vi 177 scrofa Niobe fecundior alba. Varro 1. c. Prop. Iv=v 1 35 et stetit Alba potens, albae suis omine nata. Aen. VIII 43-48 prophecy of Tiberinus litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit, | alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati: | is locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum, | ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam. ib. XII 134 135. Schwegler 1 285 286. 321-3. 340. Klausen 974 seq. Lykophr. 1253 seq. Tatian apol. 34 of a statue of Eutychis (Plin. vII § 34) by Periklymenos τί δέ μοι διὰ τὸν Περικλύμενον γύναιον, ὅπερ ἐκύησε τριάκοντα παῖδας, ὡς θαυμαστὸν ἡγεῖσθαι καὶ κατανοεῖν ποίημα; πολλῆς γὰρ ἀκρασίας ἀπενεγ καμένῃ τὰ ἀκροθίνια βδελύττεσθαι καλὸν ἦν, τῇ κατὰ ̔Ρωμαίους συῒ παρεικαζομένῃ, ἥτις καὶ αὐτὴ διὰ τὸ ὅμοιον μυστικωτέρας, ὡς φασιν, ἠξίω· Tai leрarelas. He refers to (Non. p. 114) Grundules lares... Romae constituti ob honorem porcae quae triginta pepererat. Arn. 1 28. Cass. Hemina fr. 11 p. 99 Peter (from Diom. 1 384 K) monstrum fit. sus parit porcos triginta, cuius rei fanum fecerunt laribus Grundilibus. Compare the cow which guided Cadmus to the site of Thebes Ov. m. II 10-25. 73 PHRYGIBUS VII 236. 74 MAMILLIS the sow was kept in pickle as a relic Varro r. r. II 4 § 17

parere tot oportet porcos, quot mammas habeat:...si plures pariat, esse portentum. § 18 in quo illud antiquissimum fuisse scribitur, quod sus Aeneae Lavinii xxx porcos pepererit albos. itaque quod portenderit, factum xxx annis, ut Lavinienses condiderint oppidum Albam. huius suis ac porcorum etiam nunc vestigia apparent Lavinii: quod et simulacra eorum ahenea etiam nunc in publico posita, et corpus matris ab sacerdotibus, quod in salsura fuerit, demonstratur. id. in Serv. Aen. III 392. 75 INCLUSA PER AEQUORA MOLES cf. 80 n. schol. 'portum Augusti dicit sive Traiani; quia Traianus portum Augusti restauravit in melius et interius tutiorem sui nominis fecit.' Trajan 'added an inner basin or dock, of a hexagonal form, surrounded with quays and extensive ranges of buildings for magazines' (Bunbury). The original work does great honour to the emperor Claudius DCass. LX 11 § 3 he conceived and carried out an achievement worthy of the enterprise (opovýμaтos) and greatness of Rome.' Ostia lay on the left bank of the left (i.e. the broader southern) arm of the Tiber. Claudius dug a safer basin about two miles N. of Ostia communicating with the river by a new cut (afterwards enlarged by Trajan, fossa Traiana, now Fiumicino, the right arm). The port protected by two vast moles, right and left, with a breakwater surmounted by a lighthouse between them, was known as portus Romanus or portus Augusti (Apul. met. x1 26. coins of Nero in Eckhel vi 276. DCass. LXXV 16 § 5. cf. LX 11). The harbour and river's mouth being choked with sand, there was in Latium no safe port for the cornfleets; the magazines were at Puteoli (acts 28 13. Sen. ep. 77 § 1). Caesar (Suet. Claud. 20. Plut. 58 § 3) projected a new channel for the Tiber to Anxur, and docks at Ostia. Strabo 231 232 calls Ostia 'a city without a port, on account of the alluvial deposits continually brought down by the Tiber, which compelled the larger vessels to ride at anchor in the open roadstead at great risk, while their cargoes were unloaded into barges, by which they were carried up the river to Rome. Other vessels were them. selves towed up the Tiber, after they had been lightened by discharging a part of their cargoes.' cf. DH. III 44. Suet. Claud. 20 portum Ostiae exstruxit circumducto dextra sinistraque bracchio et ad introitum profundo iam sale mole obiecta; quam quo stabilius fundaret, navem ante demersit, qua magnus obeliscus ex Aegypto fuerat advectus, congestisque pilis superposuit altissimam turrim in exemplum Alexandrini phari, ut ad nocturnos ignes cursum navigia dirigerent. DCass. LX 11 a new harbour was necessary because of the dependence of Rome on foreign corn for support, and the danger of entering Ostia in winter; Claudius undeterred by his engineers' estimates of the cost, dug out a large basin, faced it with masonry and let in the sea; again in the sea itself χώματα ἑκατέρωθεν αὐτοῦ μέγαλα χώσας, θάλασσαν ἐνταῦθα πολλὴν περιέβαλε καὶ νῆσον ἐπ ̓ αὐτῇ πύργον τε ἐπ ̓ ἐκείνῃ φρυκτωρίαν ἔχοντα KαTEσTHOαTо. ib. 31 § 4 Cl. goes to Ostia πpòs eπíσкey olтov. Suet. 25 he established corps of firemen at Ostia and Puteoli. cf. Plin. Ix § 14. XVI § 202 the vessel in which Caligula brought the obelisk from Egypt stretched nearly the whole length of the harbour of Ostia on the left; for there it was sunk in the reign of Claudius cum tribus molibus turrium altitudine in ea exaedificatis ob id ex Puteolano pulvere advectisque. XXXVI § 70 the towers were built on it at Puteoli, it was then towed to Ostia and sunk. ib. § 125. Henzen inscr. 5098. Prudent. perist. 11 48. Coins of Nero bear Aug. Port. Ost. with a figure of the harbour with ships (Cohen 1 Néron 91-93. 215-218. suppl. Néron n. 14). Here

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