bum minister | Idaeo resolutior cinaedo, | quo nec filia cultior nec uxor | nec mater tua nec soror recumbit, | vis spectem potius tuas lacernas | aut citrum vetus Indicosque dentes? | suspectus tibi ne tamen recumbam, | praesta de grege sordidaque villa | tons os horridulos rudes pusillos hircosi mihi filios subulci. | perdet te dolor hic: habere, Publi, mores non potes hos et hos ministros. Lucian conviv. 15 fin. the master of the feast sent away the cupbearer ovтa úρaîov from Kleodemos, and sent in his place τῶν ἐξώρων ἤδη καὶ καρτερῶν, ὀρεωκόμον τινὰ ἢ ἱπποκόμον. 152 SUSPIRAT Prudent. cath. II 43 44 mercator hinc et rusticus | avara suspirant lucra. 154 Ciof. on Ov. m. IV 329. 155 ARDENS PURPURA Aen. Iv 262 Tyrioque ardebat murice laena. VFl. 1 427 428 ignea purpura. Heins. ib. vi 526. Prud. psychom. 39 ardentique iubet vestirier ostro. Caligula struck Ptolemy at the shows, because he attracted the attention of the crowd Suet. 35 fulgore purpureae abollae. PURPURA I 27 n. (where add Hertzberg Griechenl. 111 72 73, and on the use of purple by princes 1 Macc. 14 41. Ambr. hexaëm. x §§ 6 fin. 33 fin. and by courts Ios. ant. XIV 3 § 2 fin. on the purple-fish as used for food Luc. cynic. 11). 78 n. X 308. XIV 187 188 the oldfashioned caution of the Marsian or Hernican farmer peregrina ignotaque nobis ad scelus atque nefas, quaecumque est, purpura ducit. The toga praetexta (πeрiπóрpupos), originally Etruscan (Plin. vIII § 195. Flor. 1 5 § 6. Becker röm. Alterth. 11 2 77), was bordered with purple (Liv. XXXIV 7 § 2 liberi nostri praetextis purpura togis utentur). When Tarquinius Priscus triumphed over the Sabines, he presented his son, then a youth of 14, who had taken part in the victory, with a praetexta (Macrob. Sat. 1 6 § 7 seq.), which thenceforth became the distinctive mark of free-born youths. Cic. Verr. 1 § 113 togam praetextam... ornamenta non solum fortunae, sed etiam ingenuitatis. ib. § 152 vestitus...is, quem illi mos et ius ingenuitatis dabat. Quintil. decl. 340 fin. (the heading is mango novicium puerum per publicanos traiecit praetextatum. dicitur ille liber) ipsum illud sacrum praetextarum, quo sacerdotes velantur, quo magistratus, quo infirmitatem pueritiae sacram facimus ac venerabilem. Hor. epod. 5 7. Pers. ▼ 30 cum primum pavido custos mihi purpura cessit. Stat. s. II 1 136 of a page sola verecundo derat praetexta decori. v 2 66 ostrum puerile. ib. 3 117-9 te divite ritu | ponere purpureos infantia adegit amictus | stirpis honore datos. Marquardt v (1) 127.

156 PUPILLARES schol. 'quales habent hi, qui patres non habent, scilicet tumentes in licentia pueritiae.' VI 366-378. Salvian. gub. Dei vi 9 fin. cumque etiam pupillis prodigis vel prodigiosis soleat subvenire paupertas, simulque ut destiterant esse divites, desinunt quoque esse vitiosi, nos tantum novum genus pupillorum ac perditorum sumus, in quibus opulentia esse desiit, sed nequitia perdurat. ib. VIII 1 pupillis...vel maxime prodigis. BALNEA VI 372-375. 1x 34 35.

Mart. 1 23. 96 11-13. VII 35. xI 47 1 2. Petron. 27. Clem. Al. paed. III 5 §§ 32 33. Cypr. de habitu virg. 19. Ammian. xxvIII 4 § 9. Lucian. Nigrin. 34. Forbiger 12 96. Wallon hist. de l'escl. II 340. Marquardt v (1) 289. RAUCUS Grangaeus ut qui non coitui indulgeat; sic enim vox raucescit: hinc cantores infibulati vi 73. 379.' Hertzberg more simply: 'his voice is not yet broken'; iam (157) supports this view: he still speaks in boyish treble, has not yet reached puberty: cf. Aug. conf. II § 6 of his 16th year: ubi me ille pater in balneis vidit pubescentem et inquieta indutum adulescentia, quasi iam ex hoc in

IUV. II.

14

nepotes gestiret, gaudens matri indicavit.

157 VELLENDAS ALAS VIII 16 n. 114 n. Theopomp. in Ath. 260°. Menand. opyń fr. 1. Plaut. aul. 398 399 tu istum gallum, si sapis | glabriorem reddes mihi quam volsus ludiust. Sen. ep. 47 § 7 alius vini minister in muliebrem modum ornatus cum detate luctatur. non potest effugere pueritiam: retrahitur, iamque militari habitu glaber retritis pilis aut penitus avulsis tota nocte pervigilat, quam inter ebrietatem domini ac libidinem dividit et in cubiculo vir, in convivio puer est. ib. 56 § 2 alipilum cogita tenuem et stridulam vocem, quo sit notabilior, subinde exprimentem nec umquam tacentem, nisi dum vellit alas et alium pro se clamare cogit. ib. 114 § 14 alter se plus iusto colit, alter plus iusto neglegit. ille et crura, hic ne alas quidem vellit. id. brev. vit. 12 § 5 convivia mehercules horum non posuerim inter vacantia tempora, cum videam, ...quam suspensi sint,...qua celeritate signo dato glabri ad ministeria discurrant. Mart. 111 63 6 (cited infra 162). Ix 27. Suet. Caes. 45 (practised by Caesar). Quintil. II 5 § 12 Spalding. DChrys. or. 33 fin. (II 31 32 R). Cypr. testim. 111 84 non vellendum. Marquardt v (1) 152. (2) 201 (the chin). Gudius on Phaedr. Iv 4 22. Forbiger 12 368.

ALAS X 178 n. Theophr. char. 19 makes it a mark of the δυσχερής to have shaggy arm-pits τὰς μασχάλας θηριώδεις καὶ δασείας ἔχειν axpi èπi ToλÙ тŵv пλευрŵν. The ancients wore no sleeves. Catull. 69 6 Ellis. Hor. ep. 1 5 29 Obbar. 158 GUTO III 263 n. 159 DIFFUSA v 30 n. home-made wines, not Chian or Falernian. Mart. v 66 8 vina ruber fudit non peregrina cadus. 161 Markland 'quodnam opus hoc versu

ei qui legerit duos praecedentes?'

162-182 No Spanish girls will sing and toss a fandango to the clapping of my guests; though wives at their husbands' sides sit to watch what one would blush but to name in their hearing. Such sports are sins in the poor; to the rich they are nettles of jaded appetite, condoned or admired for 'such wild tricks as gentlemen should have.' At my board expect other entertainment: Homer and his rival Virgil shall be read; what need of trained voice to give effect to verse like theirs? 162 GADITANA 172 n.

x 1 n. Mart. often speaks of the voluptuous dances of his countrywomen (the 'Lolas and Pepitas' maintaining the succession, Hertzberg) 1 41 12 de Gadibus improbus magister. 61 9 iocosae Gades. III 63 56 qui Gaditana susurrat, | qui movet in varios bracchia vulsa modos. v 78 26-28 (in an invitation to a frugal meal) nec de Gadibus improbis puellae vibrabunt sine fine prurientes | lascivos docili tremore lumbos. XIV 203. Quintil. 1 2 § 8 complaining of the corruption of children at home omne convivium obscenis canticis strepit, pudenda dictu spectantur. cf. Savar. on Sidon. ep. 1 2 fin. p. 20. Plin. ep. 1 15 §§ 2 3 audisses comoedos vel lector em vel lyristen vel, quae mea liberalitas, omnes. at tu apud nescio quem ostrea, vulvas, echinos, Gaditanas maluisti. O. Jahn in Sitzungsber. der sächs. Akad. Leipz. 1851 168 seq. (For the quantity (i) L. Müller de re metr. 367 compares Antipolitanus, Massilitanus, Tauromenitanus, Tomitanus, Tuditanus). Forbiger 12 220. Marquardt v (1) 64. 157. Friedländer III1 248. 250. Macrob. Sat. III 14= 10 § 4 speaks of the practice as obsolete: dic enim, Hore qui antiquitatem nobis obicis, ante cuius triclinium modo saltatricem vel saltatorem te vidisse meministi? Plut. qu. conv. vII 8 4 § 4 speaking of the class of mimes called raiyvia, which respectable masters would not allow the boys that carry their shoes to

witness: οἱ δὲ πολλοὶ καὶ γυναικῶν συγκατακειμένων καὶ παίδων ἀνήβων ἐπιδείκνυνται μιμήματα πραγμάτων καὶ λόγων, ἃ πάσης μέθης ταραχωδέστερον τὰς ψυχὰς διατίθησιν. Tert. apol. 39 fn, speaks of the purity of Christian feasts. Clem. Al. paed. II 7 § 53 sights and sounds at feasts corrupt the young. Clergy ordered to withdraw from feasts before the performances began conc. Laod. c. 54 πрò тоû eloéρxeolaι ToÙS OUμEXIKOÚS. conc. Trull. 24. paenitentiale Rom. v 2. Hieron. c. Helvid. 20 ubi tympana sonant, tibia clamitat, lyra garrit, cymbalum concrepat, quis ibi Dei timor?...ingrediuntur expositae libidinum victimae et tenuitate vestium nudae impudicis oculis ingeruntur. his infelix uxor aut laetatur et perit; aut offenditur et maritus in iurgia concitatur. 164 Apul. met. II 7. Arnob. 11 42 Hildebrand. Macrob. Sat. II 1 § 5. 165 VI 432 433 of the wife bibit et vomit. ergo maritus | nauseat atque oculis bilem substringit opertis. 166 Varro Agatho fr. 6 Bücheler virgo de convivio abducatur ideo quod maiores nostri virginis acerbae auris veneriis vocabulis imbui noluerunt. comm. on Nep. praef. § 6 many things are becoming in our code of manners which are unseemly among the Greeks; quem enim Romanorum pudet uxorem ducere in convivium? 168 URTICAE II 127 128 unde haec tetigit, Gradive, tuos urtica nepotes? anthol. Pal. XII 124 56 ₫λOTE μειδιόων, ὁτὲ δ ̓ οὐ φίλος ἆρα μελισσέων | ἐσμοῦ καὶ κνίδης καὶ πυρὸς ἡψάμεθα. 169 ALTERIUS SEXUS as opposed to the dives VI 253 254. Markland 'sensus (videndi) illa (voluptas).'

EXTENDITUR VI 129.

170 VI 64.

309-319. Pers. I 20 21. Lucian Nigrin. 15 16. 171 CAPIT X 148 n. Plin. xIx § 54 caule in tantum saginato, ut pauperis mensa non capiat. Quintil. decl. 382 p. 780 n. non est humilis pectoris libertatem publicam capere. 172 TESTA

RUM CREPITUS castanets Aristoph. ran. 1305 1306 schol. Toû 'σTW ǹ TOîs ỏσтрÁкоis aйтη кротоûσα. Scipio (Macr. III 14= 10 § 7) complains that he saw in a dancing school puerum bullatum cum crotalis saltare, quam saltationem inpudicus servulus honeste saltare non posset. cf. §§ 4. 8. Cic. p. Mur. § 13. Ath. 636de Didymos says eiwlévai Tivàs ávтì Tîs λúpas κογχύλια καὶ ὄστρακα συγκρούοντας ἔρρυθμον ἠχόν τινα ἀποτελεῖν τοῖς ὀρXovμévois. Mart. vi 71 1 2 edere lascivos ad Baetica crusmata gestus et Gaditanis ludere docta modis. Her skill bewitched her sometime master 6 vendidit ancillam, nunc redimit dominam. Stat. s. 1 6 23 illic cymbala tinnulaeque Gades. Gifford 'small oblong pieces of polished wood or bone, which the dancers held between their fingers, and clashed in measure, with inconceivable agility and address.... I have heard them often.' Rich s. vv. crotalum. crusmata. Verg. copa 2. NUDUM VI 122. Tac. xv 37 Lipsius. Petron. 7 Wouwer. DCass. LXXIX 13 § 3. OLIDO STANS FORNICE VI 132. Hor. 1 2 30 olente in fornice stantem. Sen. contr. 1 2 § 21 redolet adhuc fuliginem fornicis. Prud. c. Symm. 11 836 spurcam redolenti in fornice cellam.

STANS Cic. Verr.

II § 154 huius fornix in foro Syracusis est, in quo nudus filius stat. cf. IV § 143. 173 FORNICE III 156. x 239. Sen. vit. beat. 7 § 3 voluptas humile, servile, inbecillum, caducum, cuius statio ac domicilium fornices et popinae sunt. 175 LACEDAEMONIUM cf. XIV 89. n. Strabo 367. fr. 18 óσтрwra pavimenta et parietes incrustatos. tus Suet. 72 sine marmore ullo aut insigni

Varro ταφή Μενίππου Simplicity of Auguspavimento conclavia.

When Simos Dionysios' steward, a Phrygian, shewed Aristippos his master's costly palace DL. II § 75 TOλUTEλeîs olкovs Kal MiloσтρúTOUS, Arist. αναχρεμψάμενος προσέπτυσε τῇ ὄψει, and when he was angry said: ‘I had no more fitting place.' Plin. xxxvi § 55 non autem omnia in lapicidinis gignuntur, sed multa et sub terra sparsa, pretiosissimi quidem generis, sicut Lacedaemonium viride cunctisque hilarius. Stat. s. I 2 148 149 hic dura Laconum | saxa virent. The stone of mount Taenarus was much valued Prop. IV=111 2 9 quod non Taenariis domus est mihi fulta columnis. Strabo 367 there are old quarries of costly stone in Taenarus, and some have lately opened a large mine in Taygetus, χορηγὸν ἔχοντες τὴν τῶν ̔Ρωμαίων πολυτέλειαν. Plin. ib. § 135 sunt et nigri [lapides] quorum auctoritas venit in marmora, sicut Taenarius. Meurs. miscell. Lacon. I 18. Prudent. c. Symm. 11 247. Lamprid. Heliog. 24 stravit et saxis Lacedaemoniis ac porphyreticis plateas in Palatio, quas Antoninianas vocavit. Bursian Geogr. v. Griechenl. 11 106. Hertzberg Gesch. Griechenl. I 515. II 207, with Curtius Peloponn. there cited. Müller Archäologie §§ 268. 309. Marquardt v (2) 221 n. 2002. PYTISMATE Ter. haut. 48 49 pytissando modo mihi | quid vini absumpsit, where Gron. 'pytissare recte explicatur a vet. schol. gustare et quasi cum quadam probatione exspuere, dum sapor vini probatur. quod hodieque facere solent, qui vinum probant. est a Graecis, quibus olvov Turišev [connected with #rów etym. magn.] est vinum ore reicere. Hinc ap. Iuv. pytisma, pro illo nempe vino, quod ex ore reicitur. qui Lac. &c. i.e. homo dives, qui non vulgarem orbem, sed ex marmore Laconico factum, reiciendo isto vino, cum pytissasset, lubricum facit.' Scaliger on Manil. pp. 454 455 first gave this explanation: 'nostrum pavimentum plebeium est. itaque nos pavimentum plebeium pitysmate lubricamus, non autem pavimentum Lacedaemonium... Alexis (Ath. 124) καὶ τὸν μὲν ὀξὺν οἶνον ἐκπυτίζομεν. Archedichus (Ath. 2945) διαπυτιοῦσ ̓ οἶνον δὲ τοιοῦτον χαμαί. Vitruv. vir 4 § 5 ita conviviis eorum et quod poculis et pytismatis effunditur, simul cadit siccescitque. Hor. c. 11 14 26 27 mero | tinget pavimentum superbo. Cic. Phil. Ig 105 nata bant pavimenta vino, madebant parietes. id. pro Gallio ap. Aquil. Rom. § 2 Ruhnken humus erat lutulenta vino. Petron. 38 Burm. Plin. XIV § 146 of Novellius Torquatus optima fide non respirasse in hauriendo nec expuisse nihilque ad elidendum in pavimentis sonum ex vino reliquisse, diligenti scito legum contra bibendi fallacias. Salvian. adv. avar. 6 fin. natant tricliniorum redundantium pavimenta vino, Falerno nobili lutum faciunt. Iuv. seems to repudiate the Greek fashion (commonly spoken of as an excess) with its Greek name, not less than the Greek marbles.

ORBEM the floor schol. 'qui exspuit supra marmor Lacedaemonium, quo stratum est pavimentum.' Tibull. I 3 16 marmoreumque solum. Luc. x 114 115 nec summis crustata domus sectisque nitebat marmoribus. Sen. ep. 16 § 8 eo deliciarum opumque [fortuna] perducat, ut terram marmoribus abscondas. non tantum habere tibi liceat, sed calcare divitias. ib. 86 § 6 pauper sibi videtur ac sordidus, nisi parietes magnis et pretiosis orbibus refulserunt; nisi Alexandrina marmora Numidicis crustis distincta sunt. ib. 90 § 25 quid loquar marmora, quibus templa, quibus domus fulgent? ib. 114 § 9 ut parietes advectis trans maria marmoribus fulgeant, ut tecta varientur auro, ut lacunaribus pavimentorum respondeat nitor. id. ben. Iv 6 § 2. VII 20 § 2. de ira III 35 § 5. Plin. xxxvi §§ 44-58. Marquardt v (2) 226.

176 IBI in the house of the rich, paved with

Laconian marble.

ALEA 132 n. I 88-92 n.

ep. 1

VIII 10. XIV 4 5 n. Cic. Catil. 2 § 23 in his gregibus omnes aleatores, omnes adulteri, omnes impuri impudicique. id. off. 1 § 150 Beier. Phil. II § 56 Abram. Publil. Syr. 33 Spengel aleator quanto in arte est potior, tanto est nequior. Hor. c. 11 24 58 vetita legibus alea. 21 18 Obbar. Ov. tr. II 471-4. Sen. cons. ad Polyb. 17 § 4 Caligula was playing at dice in his Alban villa during his sister Drusilla's funeral. id. ben. vii 16 § 3. Suet. Claud. 5 in the days of Tiberius ex contubernio sordidissimorum hominum super veterem segnitiae notam ebrietatis quoque et aleae infamiam subiit. ib. 33. id. Aug. 70 71. Cal. 41. Dom. 21. Mart, XIV 13 nec timet aedilem moto spectare fritillo. id. Iv 14 7—9. v 84 3 sq. Lucian Saturnal. 4. Chrysost. hom. 12 in 1 Cor. p. 103. Amm. XXVIII 4 § 21 some scouting the name aleatores, wish to be called tesserarii; the difference is like that between fures and latrones; yet it must be confessed that, while all other friendships are lukewarm at Rome, aleariae solae, quasi gloriosis quaesitae sudoribus, sociales sunt et adfectu nimio firmitate plena conexae. See [Cypr.] de aleatoribus (11 92 104 Hartel). the title de aleatoribus in the dig. XI 5 and cod. (111 43, where the bishops are charged to enforce the law). Friedländer 11 404 405. Forbiger 12 221-3. Marquardt v (2) 426–33.

177 TURPE 1 n. 11 63. Sen. ep. 87 § 23 sacrilegium, furtum, adulterium inter bona haberi prorsus persuasimus. quam multi furto non erubescunt, quam multi adulterio gloriantur! nam sacrilegia minutá puniuntur, magna in triumphis feruntur.

178 FACIUNT Munro on Lucr. III 736 reads faciant with P. 179 cf. Plin. cited 162 n.

DABUNT Mühlmann s. v. col.

499 cites exx. of dare cenam, prandium, epulum, munus. Capitol. Maximini 2, Vopisc. Carin. 19 have dare ludos.

Suet. Tib. 7,

180 CONDITOR ILIADOS Aus. idyll. 4 46. A lector was employed to read during meals v 157 n. vi 434—7 illa tamen gravior, quae cum discumbere coepit, | laudat Vergilium, periturae ignoscit Elissae, committit vates et comparat, inde Maronem atque alia parte in trutina suspendit Homerum. Cic. Att. 12 § 3. fam. v 9 § 2 anagnostes. Orelli inscr. 2846 lectrix. Sen. ep. 64 § 2. Suet. Aug. 74 fin. acroamata. Stat. s. II 1 117-9 a delicatus reciting Il. and Od. Varro in Gell. XIII 11 § 5 in convivio legi non omnia debent, sed ea potissimum, quae simul sint Biwpeλn et delectent. id. xvIII 5 an Ennianista reading the annals of Ennius in the theatre of Puteoli. XIX 9 in a feast given by a wealthy knight from Asia, the Spanish rhetorician Antonius Iulianus desideravit exhiberi, quos habere eum adulescentem sciebat, scitissimos utriusque sexus qui canerent voce et qui psallerent. They sang some pieces of Anacreon and Sappho and later poets. Some Greeks challenged Iulianus to match these fluentes carminum delicias from Latin authors. On which he voce admodum quam suavi versus cecinit Valeri Aeditui, veteris poetae, Porcii Licini et Q. Catuli. Martial's verses were read Iv 82. Nep. Att. 14 § 1 nemo in convivio eius aliud acroama audivit quam anagnosten; quod nos quidem iucundissimum arbitramur: neque umquam sine aliqua lectione apud eum cenatum est, ut non minus animo quam ventre convivae delectarentur. Plin. ep. 1 15 § 2 (supra 162 n.). id. 1 1 of Spurinna (77 years of age): he listened to reading while walking and sitting §§ 4 5; while waiting for dinner § 8; § 9 frequenter comoedis cena distinguitur, ut voluptates quoque studiis condiantur. vi 31 § 13 a dinner at Trajan's plain, si principem cogitares. interdum acroamata audiebamus. v 19 § 3 of his