vorsum indagines cuppediarum; the chapter gives from Varro Teρ? édeσμáтwv a list of dainties quae profunda ingluvies vestigavit with their homes. DCass. LXV 3 § 1 the whole reign of Vitellius was οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ μέθαι τε καὶ κῶμοι· πάντα τε γὰρ τὰ τιμιώτατα καὶ ἀπ ̓ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης συνήγετο (some dishes retained the name 'Vitellian'). Hier. ep. 52=2 ad Nepotian. § 6 (1 261 ed. Ven. 1766) novi et genera et nomina piscium, in quo litore concha lecta sit calleo: saporibus avium discerno provincias; et ciborum pretiosorum me raritas ac novissime damna ipsa delectant. ib. 12 (266) quid prodest molestias quasdam difficultatesque ciborum quaerere. 16 ATTENDAS...IUVANT X 339 n.

XIII 144. Madvig § 348 n. 3. publ. sch. gr. § 214. Roby § 1574.

MAGIS ILLA IUVANT, QUAE PLURIS EMUNTUR 14 n. 120-9. v 94 n. Hor. s. 1 2 15-52. Petron. 93 ales Phasiacis petita Colchis | atque Afrae volucres placent palato, | quod non sunt faciles; at albus anser | et pictis anas renovata pennis | plebeium sapit. ultimis aboris attractus scarus atque arata Syrtis | siquid naufragio dedit, probatur. | mullus iam gravis est. amica vincit | uxorem. rosa cinnamum veretur. | quicquid quaeritur, optimum videtur. ib. 119 7-8 non vulgo nota placebant gaudia, non usu plebeio trita voluptas. Sen. ep. 122 § 14 omnia concupiscenti aut contemnenti, prout magno aut parvo empta sunt, fastidio est lumen gratuitum. § 18 causa tamen praecipua mihi videtur huius morbi vitae communis fastidium. id. qu. nat. Iv 13 §§ 3 4. id. cons. Helv. 10 § 5 o miserabiles, quorum palatum nisi ad pretiosos cibos non excitatur! pretiosos autem non eximius sapor...sed raritas et difficultas parandi facit...omnes regiones pervagantur, maria traiciunt et, cum famem exiguo possint sedare, magno irritant. ib. §§ 2-3. Quintil. v 12 § 19 numquam tamen hoc continget malis moribus regnum, ut, siqua pretiosa fecit, fecerit et bona. Plin. XXII § 3.

17 ERGO therefore, since they like expense for its own sake, they make no conscience of pawning the family plate.

PERITURAM I 18 n. 18 OPPO

Phaedr. 111 2 5. to be squandered on their appetite. SITIS SO in Catullus's pun 26 Ellis Furi, villula nostra non ad Austri | flatus opposita est neque ad Favoni. | ...verum ad milia quindecim et ducentos. | o ventum horribilem atque pestilentem! MATRIS IMAGINE FRACTA he defaces a silver medallion of his mother, and pawns it as old silver. Plin. xxxv § 4 imaginum quidem pictura, qua maxime similes in aevum propagabantur figurae, in totum exolevit. aerei ponuntur clipei, argenteae facies, surdo figurarum discrimine statuarum capita permutantur, vulgatis iam pridem salibus etiam carminum. adeo materiam conspici malunt omnes quam se nosci. et inter haec pinacothecas veteribus tabulis consuunt alienasque effigies colunt, ipsi honorem non nisi in pretio ducentes, ut frangat heres furisque detrahat laqueus. Silver statues ib. xxxIII § 151. 19 QUADRINGENTIS 400 sesterces.

with dainties.

CONDIRE to load 19 20 GULOSUM FICTILE a contradictio in adiecto like 1 182 183 ambitiosa paupertate. Hier. ep. 107 7 ad Laetam § 10 faciant hoc cultores Isidis et Cybeles, qui gulosa abstinentia Phasidis aves ac fumantes turtures vorant, ne scilicet Cerealia dona contaminent. 20 FICTILE his plate

is in pawn, so that he must eat his delicacies off earthenware. 111 168 n. fictilibus cenare pudet. SIC schol. cum non

habeant, unde manducent, distrahent se ad ludum.'

MISCELLANEA Schol. 'cibus gladiatorum,......ideo miscellanea, qui omnia, quae apponuntur eis, miscent et sic manducant.' Quintil. decl. 9 § 5 alebat devotum corpus gravior omni fame sagina et inter debita noxae mancipia contemptissimus tiro gladiator......discebam quotidie scelus. ib. § 10 quid praestiti?......quod lanista gladiatori, exiguam stipem et cibos semper petendos.

LUDI VIII 199 n. [Quintil.] decl. 9 § 21 in ludo fui: qua poena nullam ulteriorem scelera noverunt, cuius ad comparationem ergastulum leve est.......morabar inter sacrilegos, incendiarios et, quae gladiatoribus una laus est, homicidas, inclusos turpiore custodia et sordido cellarum situ. 21 ERGO since so many are ruined by luxury, men give it a bad name in those of narrow means; while in the rich it is extolled as generosity or taste 1. vIII 182.

RUTILO 2.

NAM not found in this position in prose authors. Hand Tursell. Iv 3. Bentley on Hor. s. 11 6 78. Orelli ib. 3 20. 22 VENTIDIO divite.

23 SUMET the subject is haec eadem parare, which is

also the subject of est. 23-38 in all things great and small 'know thyself,' attempt nothing beyond thy power; thus Socrates disregarded natural philosophy in comparison with self-knowledge Plat. apol. 19bc. Phaed. 96 seq. rep. 529. Xen. m. I 1 § 11. rv 7 § 6. cf. Sen. ep. 88. Encyclopaedic learning was in fashion, even in poetry (in imitation of the Alexandrine school) cf. Lucan, the Aetna etc. 24 ATLAS Aen. Iv 481 maximus Atlas. ib. 246 seq. Probably the scholiasts may have disputed (Düntzer) about the absolute or relative height of the mountain thus honoured with a superlative VII 234-6 n.

25 HIC Herm. in Halm on Cic. Vatin. § 24 gives other exx. of relative sentences, in the second clause of which, instead of repeating the relative, the writer employs the demonstrative. The sentence is one, in which two contrasted clauses are connected as coordinate, in such a way that while the two together suit the meaning of the context, one of them, taken apart from the other, will not. Hom. ¥ 577—8. Cic. Catil. 1 1. Stürenb. on Cic. p. Arch. p. 161. p. Mil. § 33. Phil. 2 § 110 1. 6 n. de fin. I§ 15 Madvig. Liv. 11 12 § 2 C. Mucius,......cui indignum videbatur, populum Romanum servientem, cum sub regibus esset, nullo bello nec ab hostibus ullis obsessum esse, liberum eundem populum ab isdem Etruscis obsideri. Teuffel on Hor. s. II 7 109. Plin. ep. I 12 § 13. 16 § 8. Quintil. 11 7 § 3. x 3 § 29. Lact. de ira Dei 10 § 44. Eur. Andr. 269 seq. IT. 116-7. Schmidt on Aesch. PV. 507. Isae. 7 § 39. Antiph. in Harpocr. s. v. σтασιwτns (Sauppe II 138). DChrys. or. 26 1 316 13 Dind. Cobet v. 1.2 569. Madvig adv. 1 453. Hand Tursell. 1 350. Herbst on Quintil. x 2 § 5. Here it is not for the study of African geography that the man is despicable, but for neglecting more necessary studies. 26 ARCA X 25 n. XIV 259

260 aerata multus in arca | fiscus. Catull. 23 1 Furi, cui neque servus est neque arca. Cic. parad. 6 1 § 44 animus hominis dives, non arca appellari solet. Phaedr. Iv 12 2. Gron. on Sen. ep. 81. Hor. s. 1 1 67. Brisson or Dirksen (and inscr. ind.) under arcarius.

27 SACCULUS XIV 138. Catull. 13 7 8 nam tui Catulli | plenus sacculus est aranearum. Mart. complaining that he had spent his little all on a wealthy orbus v 39 7 excussi loculosque sacculumque. id. xI 3 6. Saccus and sacculus are frequent in the jurists (see Dirksen's -manuale). E CAELO II 40. Stat. s. 1 1 2 Hand

caelone peractum fluxit opus? Quintil. 1 6 § 16 (cf. Pareus ad 1. p. 75 Burman) non enim, cum primum fingerentur homines, analogia demissa caelo formam loquendi dedit. Tert. apol. 4 si lex tua erravit, puto, ab homine concepta est: neque enim de caelo ruit. Heerwagen on Liv. XXII 29 § 3. E CAELO DESCENDIT γνώθι σεαυτόν Xen. Kyrop. VII 2 §§ 20-25 oracle given by the Delphic Apollo to Kroesos. memor. Iv 2 §§ 24-30 inscription at Delphi with commentary. Plat. Phileb. 48° seq. where, referring to the Delphic inscription, he distinguishes three kinds of self-ignorance, relating to mind, body and estate. Protag. 343b Heindorf (the seven sages met at Delphi and dedicated in Apollo's temple the first-fruits of their wisdom, ypayAVTES TAÛTA ἃ δὴ πάντες ὑμνοῦσι, γνῶθι σαυτόν καὶ μηδὲν ἄγαν. cf. Paus. x 24 § 1). Phaedr, 229 230a (cf. Tert. de an. 17 p.m.). Alkib. 1 124. 129a. 132c. Charmid. 164-165b. Ridiculed by Aristoph. nub. 842 yvúσel dè σavτὸν ὡς ἀμαθὴς εἶ καὶ παχύς. Philemon in Stob. f. xxii 4 τὸ γνῶθι σαυτὸν οὐ μάτην εὖ ἴσθ ̓ ὅτι | τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο δόξαν ἐν Δελφοῖς ἔχει. Μenand. ib. XXI (the book is headed Tepi Toû yr. σ.) 2 and 5. Philo de somn. I 10 (1 629 M). Stob. ib. 26 from the work of Porphyry πеρì тоû уv. o. ascribed to Phemonoe the first priestess, to Phanothea, Bias, Thales, Chilon; Klearchos said that it was Apollo's response to Chilon when he asked what was man's highest good; Aristotle ev roîs wepì piλooopías said that the inscription was there before Chilon's time. The question of authorship let us leave unsettled: one thing at all events is indisputable, that it was spoken either by God or not without God. [Heraclit.] fr. 106 Bywater ἀνθρώποισι πᾶσι μέτεστι γιγνώσκειν ἑαυτοὺς καὶ σωφρονείν. Plut. II 116d two of the Delphic maxims most necessary for life yvŵOɩ σεαUTÓV and μηδὲν ἄγαν, each of which contains the other: he cites Ion τὸ γνῶθι σαυτὸν, τοῦτ ̓ ἔπος μὲν οὐ μέγα | ἔργον δ ̓ ὅσον Ζεὺς μόνος ἐπίσταται θεῶν. ib. 164b Wytt. 385d. Plut. Demosth. 3 § 1. DL. 1 § 40 Menage. paroemiogr. I 391. II 19 Leutsch. anthol. Pal. Ix 366 1 (transl. in Hygin. fab. 221 and by Aus. VII sap. sent. ad fin.) ἑπτὰ σοφῶν ἐρέω κατ ̓ ἔπος πόλιν, οὔνομα, φωνήν. | 3 Χίλων δ ̓ ἐν κοίλῃ Λακεδαίμονι, γνῶθι σεαυτόν. Boiss. anecd. i 127 n. 138. Iulian 211°. Cic. legg. 1 § 58. Tusc. 1 § 52 Davies, de fin. v § 44 we must study nature: aliter enim nosmet ipsos nosse non possumus. quod praeceptum quia maius erat, quam ut ab homine videretur, idcirco assignatum est deo. iubet igitur nos Pythius Apollo noscere nosmet ipsos. Varro's sat. Menippea yvŵlɩ σ. (12 fragments after Bücheler's Petron. 1872 179 180). Ov. a. a. II 499 500 lead your disciples, says Apollo, to my temple, est ubi diversum fama celebrata per orbem littera, cognosci quae sibi quemque iubet. Sen. cons. ad Marc. 11 § 2 hoc videlicet illa Pythicis oraculis ascripta, nosce te. ep. 94 § 28. Plin. vii § 119. Minuc. Fel. 5 § 5. Tert. apol. 48 tu homo, tantum nomen, si intellegas te vel de titulo Pythiae discens. Aus. lud. vII sap. 'ludius' 1-3 Delphis Solonem scripse fama est Atticum | qvôli σEαUTÓv' quod latinum est nosce te.' [multi hoc Laconis esse Chilonis putant. ib. 'Chilon' 6-15. Macr. Sat. 16 § 6. comm. 19 § 2 (quotes our text). Sidon. c. 2 163. 15 50. anthol. 358. 973 Meyer. Ambr. in ps. 118 serm. 2 § 13 Moses far older than the philosophers who ascribed the saying to Apollo. Bernard serm, de divers. 40 § 3. serm.in cant. 36 §§ 5-7. Special treatises by Abelard (? his ethics or scito te ipsum, printed in Pez anecd. III 2), Sir John Davies (his fine poem nosce te ipsum). A tract by John Mason (+1763) 'self-knowledge' has been often printed (Germ. by A. Wagner Leipz. 1822, modern Greek by Adovvds Corfu 1821). See F. A. Bohren de septem sapientibus Bonn

1867. Karsten de effatis delphicis undèr dyav et y. o. in symb. lit. Batav. II 57 seq. On the self-examination inculcated by the ancient moralists see Reinhard christl. Moral Wittenb. 1815 v 128-32. cf. Rothe theolog. Ethik § 872. 28 FIGENDUM IX 94 tacitas nostras intra te fige querellas. 29 CONIUGIUM Aesch. PV. 890 = 916 Blomfield τὸ κηδεῦσαι καθ ̓ ἑαυτὸν ἀριστεύει μακρῷ. Kallim. epigr. 1 16 ouтw kaì cú y lŵv Tην KαTȧ σAUTÒv eλa. Plut. 11 13o Wytt. ·DL. 1 80 Menage. paroem. I 314. 11 674 Leutsch. Ov. her. 9 32 si qua roles apte nubere, nube pari. Aus. vII sap. sent. 'Solon' 2 par pari iugator coniux: quicquid impar, dissidet. Chaucer the milleres tale pr. 'he knew not Caton, for his wit was rude that bade a man shulde wed his similitude. | men shulden wedden after hir estate.'

IN PARTE Tac. XIV 33 comitantes in partem agminis acciperet. SENATUS Sen. contr. 9 (=II 1) § 17 census senatorium gradum ascendit, census equitem Romanum a plebe discernit. 30 ACHILLIS for the contest between Aiax and Ulixes for the arms of Achilles cf. vII 115 n. x 84 n. 31 THERSITES' contrasted with Achilles as VIII 269-71. Epikt. diss. II 23 § 32 the one the type of beauty, the other of ugliness. Themist. or. 7 p. 86a in Homer we hear not only Achilles claiming the prisoners, but even the ridiculous Thersites. Vopisc. Aurel. 1 Iunius Tiberianus to Vopiscus: ergo Thersiten. . ceteraque illa prodigia uetustatis et nos bene scimus et posteri frequentabunt, and shall Aurelian remain unknown? Spengel rhet. 11 119 29. Thersites as a candidate for Achilles' arms a stock example of the schools Sokrates in Stob. f. Iv 119 οὔτε τὰ τοῦ ̓Αχιλλέως ὅπλα τῷ Θερσίτῃ οὔτε τὰ τῆς τύχης ἀγαθὰ τῷ ἄφρονι ἁρμόττει. Luc. adv. ind. 7 you have often bought Homer, let some one read to you Il. 11 where is described δημηγορῶν παγγέλοιος ἄνθρωπος, διάστροφος τὸ σῶμα καὶ λελω βημένος. ἐκεῖνος τοίνυν ὁ τοιοῦτος εἰ λάβοι τὴν ̓Αχιλλέως πανοπλίαν, would that make him fair and strong, would he leap the river and slay Hektor? Nay, ἀλλὰ καὶ γέλωτα ἂν ὀφλισκάνοι χωλεύων ὑπὸ τῇ ἀσπίδι K.T.λ. Iuv. like Soph. (Philokt. 445 schol.), supposes Thersites to have survived Achilles: otherwise Arktinos (in whose Aethiopis, Prokl. chrestom. ad calc. Hephaest. 478 Gaisf. 'Axeus Oepolтηy avaiрeî, Noidoρηθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ὀνειδισθεὶς τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ Πενθεσιλείᾳ λεγόμενον ἔρωτα. cf. Mure lit. anc. Gr. 11 282), Chaeremon (in his tragedy 'AxMeùs ОepσlTOKTÓVOS, Welcker Griech. Trag. III 1086), Quintus Calaber (Posthom. I 742 seq.), Tzetzes (Posthom. 205. ad Lykophr. 999) and Eustath. (П1. 11 219). TRANSDUCEBAT VIII 17 n. Mart. vi

77 4 5 being poorer than Iros, younger than Parthenopaeus, stronger than Artemidorus in the heyday of his victories, why do you insist on being carried in a palanquin by six Cappadocians? rideris multoque magis traduceris, Afer, | quam nudus medio si spatiere foro. Sen. ben. 11 17 § 5 malignis lusoribus propositum est conlusorem traducere. cf. Ov. met. XIII 103 seq. 32 SEU the connexion

having been interrupted by the parenthesis (neque... Ul.) a new sentence follows in the ind. TU Bentley on Hor. c. 1 9 16. s. II 6 83 ille. Luc. 11 637-9 nec Pharnacis arma relinquas | admoneo nec tu populos utraque vagantes | Armenia. so ille Aen. 13 Forbiger. cf. the Homeric 8 ye Kühner gr. Gr. 112 565, 735. 33 TE CONSULE Pers. IV 52 tecum habita, et noris quam sit tibi curta supeller. 34 VEHEMENS devós. schol. 'iactanticuli, qui tantum buccas inflant, et nihil dicunt.' MATHO I 32 n. VII 129. Mart. x 46 omnia vis belle,

CURTIUS MATHO

Matho, dicere. dic aliquando et bene; dic neutrum; dic aliquando male. id. vI 33. VII 10 3 4 (his extravagant lust). 90. vIII 42. ̄x1 68. ib. Iv 81 (of a pertinacious declaimer) Schneidewin reads Maron.

BUCCAE III 35 notaeque per oppida buccae. Mart. 1 41 13. So I 140 gula. 35 NOSCENDA Tac. IV 33 noscenda vulgi natura. MENSURA VI 357-9 nulla pudorem paupertatis habet, nec se metitur ad illum | quem dedit haec posuitque modum. Plin. 11 § 4 quasi vero mensuram ullius rei possit agere qui sui nesciat. Hier. ep. 61=75 ad Vigilant. § 3 prudentis hominis est nosse mensuram suam. SUI Zumpt § 424. Ramshorn pp. 532-3. The possessive pron. seldom stands for the objective gen. 37 MULLUM IV 15 n.

GOBIO i. e. the price of a gobio Plaut. asin. 589-590 verberarem asinos si forte occeperint clamare hinc ex crumina. id. truc. 646. Persa 317 boves bini hic sunt in crumina. ib. 264. Gudgeon (gobio fluviatilis), Fr. goujon, is a derivative (cf. Dibio Dijon). Mart. XIII 88 in Venetis sint lauta licet convivia terris, | principium cenae gobius esse solet. Colum. vIII 17 § 14 exiguusque gobio. Aus. idyll. 10 132 gobio non maior geminis sine pollice palmis, etc. Aristippus, when taunted for his tame submission to the insolence of Dionysius DL. II § 67 · εἶτα οἱ μὲν ἁλιεῖς εἶπεν ‘ὑπομένουσι ῥαίνεσθαι τῇ θαλάττῃ, ἵνα κωβιὸν θηράσωσιν· ἐγὼ δὲ μὴ ἀνάσχωμαι κράματι ῥανθῆναι, ἵνα βλέννον λάβω;' cf. HSt. 38 LOCULIS I 89 n. Mart.

(supra 27 n.).

38-55 When you have sold your all to fill your maw, and gluttony grows with want, what will your end be? You will pawn the ring from your finger, the badge of your birth, and beg. Not an unripe' funeral, but a broken old age is the prodigal's worst terror. Borrowing, bankruptcy, flight, these are the stages of ruin. Nor are they ashamed of failure; but for the games, not a tie binds them to their home. Modesty is laughed out of town; no drop of modest blood remains to flush the cheek. 38 DEFICIENTE CULINA C***ina P. crumena pw prob. from Hor. ep. 1 4 11 non deficiente crumena.

39 GULA I 140 n. v 90 n.

EXITUS VII

129 n. 40 MERSIS Ov. m. vIII 843-4 iamque fame patrias altique voragine ventris | attenuarat opes. Hor. ep. 1 15 31 Obbar. Phaedr. Iv 5 9. Hence vorago, gurges, barathrum, applied to gourmands. Macr. III 13 (=11 9) § 6 ut taceam Gurgitem a devorato patrimonio cognominatum,.........Metellus Pius in quam foveam luxus et superbiae successuum continuatione pervenit? Apul. mag. 75 fin. 41 ARGENTI GRAVIS plate Sen. tranq. 1 § 7 argentum grave rustici patris, sine ullo opere et nomine artificis. 42 A DOMINIS from the owner's house and estate, so exire in Ter. with ab Thaide, a me, abs te, a patre. NOVISSIMUS EXIT same words in Ov. m. II 115. NOVISSIMUS VI 355-6 haec tamen argenti superest quodcumque paterni | levibus athletis et vasa novissima donat. In the time of Varro (1. 1. vi § 59) Aelius Stilo and others branded the use of novissimum=extremum as a neoterism. Gell. x 21 Cic. also eschewed it, though used by M. Cato and Sall. Such owners are stript of everything. EXIT it passes out of the family. Cic. Verr. 11 § 61 ad istum illos nummos, qui per simulationem ab isto exierant, revertisse. It is a legal term dig. xxxi 77 § 11 'I charge my heirs not to alienate my Tusculan estate, et ne de familia nominis mei exeat.' ib. § 28. 88 § 6. XXXII 38 § 1. 94. Gaius defines deminutum

XI 296.