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OF
BLAST FURNACE PHENOMENA.
BY
M. L. GRUNER,
PRESIDENT OF THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF MINES OF FRANCE,
AND LATELY PROFESSOR OF METALLURGY AT THE ÉCOLE DES MINES.
TRANSLATED, WITH THE AUTHOR'S SANCTION,
WITH AN APPENDIX,
By L. D. B. GORDON, F.R.S.E., F.G.S.,
EMERITUS REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW, FORMERLY A STUDent of the ROYAL SCHOOL OF MINES, OF Freiberg, IN
SAXONY; HONORARY MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS AND SHIP-
BUILDERS IN SCOTLAND; MEMBER OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITute.
PHILADELPHIA:
HENRY CAREY BAIRD,
INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHER,
406 WALNUT STREET.
1874.
CONTENTS.
LETTER TO ISAAC LOWTHIAN BELL, ESQ.
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE
SECTION I.
Recent Modifications in the Régime of Blast Furnaces
SECTION II.
Successive Enlargements of Blast Furnaces
SECTION III.
Principal Reactions in Blast Furnaces
SECTION IV.
Quantities of Caloric absorbed and given off in Blast Furnaces .
SECTION V.
The Economical Working of the Furnaces varies with the ratio of
The ratio is the Measure or Index of the Economical Working
CO2
со
of Blast Furnaces
PAGE
xi
xiii
17
18
24
26
29
33
SECTION VII.
Weight and Composition of the Escaping Gases-Construction of
Analytical Formulas of Calculation
34
SECTION VIII.
Agreement of the Formulas with the Complete Analysis
38
SECTION IX.
A Method of taking Specimens, securing a Mean of all the Gases
Caloric absorbed by the reduction of the Ores and the fusion of the
Pig-Iron
47
SECTION XII.
Caloric absorbed by the fusion of the Slag, the decomposition of the
Caloric lost by Radiation from the Walls of Furnace, etc. .
SECTION XV.
Determination of the Caloric received by a Blast Furnace, solely
derived from transformation of Carbon into a Mixture of CO2
and CO
54