SECTION XVII. SECTION XVIII. SECTION XIX. SECTION XX. SECTION XXI. SECTION XXIII. NOTE I. On taking Specimens of the Escaping Gases NOTE II. To explain what is meant by "Strengflüssige Erzen," "Minerais refractaire." Plattner's Experiments on the Tempera- NOTE III. On Ebelmen's assertion that it takes twice as much Coke as Charcoal to smelt the same quantity and quality of Pig-Iron 138 NOTE IV. Charcoal decomposes CO2 more rapidly than hard or soft NOTE V. A Brief History of the Theory of the Blast Furnace, and of Schinz's Work, published 1868, was the first which took the To ISAAC LOWTHIAN BELL, Esq., President of the Iron and Steel Institute. MY DEAR BELL, In the hope of being useful to members of the Iron and Steel Institute, and others who do not read technical literature in foreign languages, this translation of M. Gruner's "Etudes sur les Hauts-Fourneaux" was undertaken. You have allowed me to dedicate the translation to you. No one having any knowledge of the subject will ask my reason for doing so. M. Gruner has methodically digested and arranged several important sections of your experiments and observations, and has thus rendered the results you have published more readily available to many who desire to inform themselves of the progress made in the application of exact science to blast furnace practice, and who lack the habits of study necessary for the full appreciation of your original work. The series of memoirs you have published in the Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute, on the chemical phenomena of iron-smelting—your careful diligence in the experimental verification of your observations in working furnaces, and your philosophical views in combining and reasoning upon them-have identified your name with the recent progress towards an exact theory of that wonderfully perfect apparatus, the Blast Furnace. You for the first time connected the Chemical and 1 |