The place of trial.

557. Where shall the trial of crimes be held?

In the State where said crimes shall have been committed.

558. What is the object of this provision?

To prevent the accused from being subjected to unnecessary expense and difficulty in procuring testimony, and to secure to him all the advantage of being tried where the facts are most likely to be known.

559. Where are crimes to be tried which are committed at sea, or not within the jurisdiction of any State?

At such place, or places, as Congress may by law have directed.

560. Repeat Clause III.

SECTION III. Treason.

CLAUSE I. "Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.”

561. What does the first part of this clause contain?

A definition of treason.

562. In what does treason against the United States consist? In levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort.

563. Why was it thought necessary so particularly to define this crime?

Because, in times of political excitement, acts of a

564. To what does the latter part of this clause relate?

The proof of treason.

565. What is necessary to convict a person of treason? The testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confession in open court.

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566. Why is the testimony of two witnesses thought necessary To protect the accused party against misrepresenation.

567. Why is there more danger of misrepresentation in this, than n other crimes?

Because the charge of treason is generally made by nterested partisans, and in times of great political excitement.

568. Why is it required that confession of treason, in order to be alid proof of guilt, should be made in open court?

To protect the accused party against being ruined by hasty and unguarded expressions, and against being ncorrectly reported.

569. How is treason to be regarded?

As the worst crime against society that can be committed.

570. Repeat Clause I.

CLAUSE II. The Congress shall have power to declare he punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason hall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during he life of the person attainted."

571. To what does this clause relate?

The punishment of treason.

572. What provision is made in regard to the punishment of reason?

It is left to Congress to declare what shall be the punishment of treason.

573. What is the punishment of treason, by the common law of England?

The traitor is to be taken to the gallows on a hurdle, hung by the neck, cut down alive, his entrails taken out and burned while he is yet alive, his head cut off, and his body quartered; beside the forfeiture of his estate and the corruption of his blood.

574. What has Congress declared to be the punishment for treason against the United States?

Death by hanging.

575. How are Congress limited in declaring the punishment of treason?

No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted.

576. What is meant by an attainder of treason? Conviction of the crime of treason.

577. What is meant by corruption of blood?

One, whose blood is corrupted, cannot inherit property from others, nor transmit an inheritance to his children; his blood ceases to have any inheritable qualities.

578. How far may Congress declare an estate forfeited? Only during the life of the traitor.

579. Repeat Clause II.

ARTICLE IV.

SECTION I. State Records.

"Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and

580. How shall the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of one State be regarded?

Full faith and credit shall be given to them in every other State.

581. To whom is it left to prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings, shall be proved?

To Congress.

582. What else may Congress prescribe?

The effect of such acts, records and proceedings. 583. What would be the consequence of not having some provi sion of this sort?

When a legal investigation and decision had been made in one State, it might be necessary to repeat the same in every State to which the parties should go. 584. Repeat Section I.

SECTION II. Privileges of Citizens, &c.

CLAUSE I. "The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States."

585. What is the object of this provision?

To prevent the States from giving unjust prefer

ences to their own citizens.

586. What is the effect of such preferences?

Alienation and discontents.

587. Repeat Clause I.

CLAUSE II. "A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime."

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588. To what does this clause relate?

To the restoration of fugitive criminals.

589. If a person, charged in any State with treason, felony, or ther crime, flee from justice, and be found in another State, who has the right to claim him?

The Executive authority of the State from which ne may have fled.

590. What shall be done in such a case?

He shall be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime.

591. Repeat Clause II.

CLAUSE III. "No person held to service or labour in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due."

592. To what does this clause relate?

To the restoration of fugitive slaves.

593. If a person held to service or labour in one State, under the laws thereof, escape into another, can such other State, by any law or regulation, discharge said person from his service or labour?

It cannot.

594. What shall be done in such a case?

The person shall be delivered up, on the claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due. 595. Repeat Clause III.

SECTION III. New States and Territories.

CLAUSE I." New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed, or erected, within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor