The Elements of Morality: Including Polity, Volume 1

Front Cover
Harper & bros., 1847 - Ethics

From inside the book

Contents

The Mental Desires 35 Tend to Abstractions
40
Memory and Imagination 37 Good Hope and Fear
41
Separation of Mental Desires Instincts 39 The Desire of Safety
42
Instinct of Selfpreservation
43
Desire of Security 42 Desire of Liberty 43 Men at Enmity 44 The Desire of Having
44
Things and Persons
45
Property is necessary
46
The Desire of Family Society 48 The Desire of Civil Society
47
Mental Desires include Affections 50 The Need of a Mutual Understanding
49
Promises are necessary
51
The Desire of Superiority 53 Desire of Equal Rules 54 The Desire of Knowledge
52
Knowledge and Reason
55
The Moral Sentiments 56 Approbation and Disapprobation 5 The Reflex Sentiments
56
Reflex Thought
57
The Desire of being loved
58
The Desire of Esteem
59
The Desire of our own Approval
60
Springs of Action operate through the Will 62 Are modified by Thought
62
Means and Ends
63
Passion
64
Art
65
Rules necessary for the Action of Man as Man Reason our necessary guide
67
Rules not founded in mutual fear
68
CHAP IV
69
Right relatively used 71 Refers to a superior
71
Right absolutely used
72
The Supreme Good
73
Ought Duty
74
Why Ought
76
Man a Moral Being
77
Rights must exist
78
Rights separately proved
79
Five Primary kinds of Rights
80
Wrong Injury
81
Rules with Reasons
82
Punishment
83
Rights and right
84
Obligation
85
Obligation and Duty
86
Obliged and Ought
87
Obligation and Moral Claim
88
Perfect and Imperfect Obligation
89
Jus the Doctrine of Rights and Obligations
90
Duties Virtues Goodness Vice
91
Virtuous and vicious internal acts
92
Sins 94 The State CHAP V
93
How there can be various Laws and fixed Morality 96 Conceptions fixed Definitions variable
96
Idea and Fact in Morality
97
Sentiment of Rights 99 Sentiment of Wrongs
99
Ryots Serfs Métayers Farmers 136 Feudal System
103
Its present influence 138 Quiritarian Ownership 139 Title Conveyance Remedies
105
140
106
Wrongs Larcency Burglary
107
Trespass Dominium Eminens
108
Public Property 146 Res Nullius
109
Incorporeal Property 148 Feudal Services 149
110
Animalia ferĉ naturĉ 150 Treasure Trove
111
VOL
112
Alienation 154 Succession
113
Delivery 156
114
Necessity CHAP IV
115
Nude Pacts 160 Consideration
117
Duress
118
Contracts of Minors
119
Contracts void by Fraud 164 Formulĉ of Contracts 165 Nominate Contracts
120
Mutuum and Commodatum 167 Repairs and Expenses 168 Debt 169 Promissory Notes and Bills of Exchange 170 Bailment
121
171
122
Eviction
123
THE RIGHTS OF MARRIAGE
125
Institution of Marriage to be upheld 177 National Sentiment respecting Marriage
126
The Family
127
Chains of Rules
143
The Reason Practical
153
The Speculative and Practical Reason 22 Development of Mind
159
OF THE IDEA OF MORAL GOODNESS
161
Instincts 24 Springs of Action Motives
164
VIRTUES AND VICES
169
Equality Bona Fide
173
Stricti Juris Interpretation
174
Breach of Contract
175
Zeal Energy
176
Jewish Marriage
179
Greek Marriage
180
Roman Marriage
181
English Marriage
182
Husband and Wife
183
Will English
192
Entail
193
Legacies
194
Dowry Jointure
195
Tutor Curator
196
Guardian
197
Lawful Marriage
198
Roman Forms of Marriage
199
English Forms of Marriage
200
Religious Ceremony of Marriage
201
Divorce in Roman
202
Divorce in English
203
Concubinage
205
Filial Affection is a Duty 285 Parental Affection is a Duty 286 Conjugal Affection is a Duty 287 Fraternal Affection is a Duty
206
THE RIGHTS OF GOVERNMENT OR STATE RIGHTS 143
207
National Government
208
The Supreme Authority
209
Constitution The Executive Function
210
The Judicial Function
211
Rebellion Treason
213
International
214
Government de Jure and de Facto
215
Legislative Body
216
Fact of Law and Idea of Justice to be brought to gether
217
Law and Justice cannot exist separately
218
The Spirit of Truth
225
DUTIES OF ORDER
235
INTELLECTUAL DUTIES
242
OF TRANSGRESSION
251
Interruption of Moral Progress PAGE 355 Repentance
257
Amendment
258
OF CONSCIENCE
259
What is Conscience? 360 Synteresis Syneidesis 361 Conscience the Law 362 Conscience the Witness 363 Conscience the Punisher
261
To act against Conscience is wrong 365 Is to act according to Conscience always right? 366 Conscience to be enlightened and instructed 367 Aid of ...
264
CASES OF CONSCIENCE RESPECTING TRUTH
267
To be carefully limited 396 Lie to conceal a Secret 397 Lie to preserve a Mans Life 398 Lies of Necessity 399 Heroic Lies
282
Advocates Assertions
283
Advocates Profession to be Moral 402 Sellers Concealments 403 The Alexandrian Merchant 404 Promise of Marriage 405 The unlawful Promise of ...
287
Love of Fellowcitizens is a Duty
288
Other Relative Duties of Affection
289
Duty of Universal Benevolence
290
The Human Family
291
Duty of Compassion
292
And because Necessity destroys deliberation 416 Reference to be had to the persons Moral Cul ture
293
We can cultivate our Affections by thoughts of Duty
294
By unfolding conceptions of Virtues
295
By unfolding the notion of doing Good
296
By acts of Duty
297
We have never done all that is possible
298
Our Moral Culture is a Duty
299
Our Moral Progress never terminates
300
Strong Moral Principles decide such Conflicts 423 Heroic Acts
302
It is our Duty to cultivate Gratitude
303
The greatest interruptions are the greatest trans gressions
304
The Duty of Moral Culture adds to other Duties
305
Moral Perfection is our greatest Good
306
CHAP VIII
307
Desires to be directed by a Spirit of Justice 308 And by a Spirit of Moral Purpose
308
Duty of Moral Progress in such Spirit
309
For poor as well as rich
312
CHAP IX
313
Lie not Perform Promises
314
This Duty regulated by Mutual Understanding
315
JUSTICE
352
The Natural Rights of
361
The Natural Rights of Man PAGE
362
SLAVERY
370
Interpretation of Promises
377
Erroneous Promises
378
Promises released by the Promisee
379
Unlawful Promises
380
but the Relative Duty is vio lated
381
Promises which become unlawful
382
Which Promisee does not think unlawful
383
Electors Promise 385 Promise to a Representative
385
Promise to be kept after the immoral action
386
Contradictory Promises
387
Impossible Promises
388
Extorted Promises
389
Promise to Robbers
390
Should the Promise be given?
391
Analogy of the
392
Lies
393
Falsehoods under Convention
394
MORAL EDUCATION
395

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Popular passages

Page 83 - And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.
Page 121 - I come now, lastly, to speak of the legal consequences of such making, or dissolution. (By marriage the husband and wife are one person in law : that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least is incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband : under whose wing, protection, and cover, she performs everything...
Page 84 - As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the axe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die ; he shall flee unto one of those cities, and live...
Page 86 - If the sun be risen upon him, there shall be blood shed for him; for he should make full restitution: if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
Page 122 - In the civil law the husband and the wife are considered as two distinct persons, and may have separate estates, contracts, debts, and injuries: and therefore in our ecclesiastical courts, a woman may sue and be sued without her husband.
Page 122 - The husband also, by the old law, might give his wife moderate correction. For, as he is to answer for her misbehaviour, the law thought it reasonable to intrust him with this power of restraining her, by domestic chastisement, in the same moderation that a man is allowed to correct his apprentices or children; for whom the master or parent is also liable in some cases to answer.
Page 133 - When these are shown, the marriage is declared null, as having been unlawful ab initio, and the parties are separated pro salute animarum, that they may not endanger their Souls by living in a state of known sin. But still the Ecclesiastical Law, like the Common Law of England, grants no Divorce for any Supervenient Cause ; according to Commentators*, it deems so highly, and with such mysterious reverence, the nuptial tie, that it will not allow it to be unloosed for any cause whatever that arises...
Page 109 - A good consideration is such as that of blood, or of natural love and affection, when a man grants an estate to a near relation: being founded on motives of generosity, prudence, and natural duty; a valuable consideration is such as money, marriage, or the like, which the law esteems an equivalent given for the grant:^ and is therefore founded in motives of justice.
Page 364 - A slave is one who is in the power of a master to whom he belongs. The master may sell him, dispose of his person, his industry and his labor. He can do nothing, possess nothing, nor acquire anything but what must belong to his master.
Page 115 - ... examination to be unsound, the purchaser must immediately return them to the vendor, or give him notice to take them back, and thereby rescind the contract, or he will be presumed to have acquiesced in the quality of the goods.

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