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ATHENEUM

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ATHENEUM

JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA.

Last Week's ATHENÆUM contains Articles on

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LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1904.

CONTENTS.-No. 9.

NOTES:-New Amsterdam'-Shakespeariana, 161-Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy,' 163-The English in France-Sir T. Wyatt's Riddle, 164-Crucifix at Old St. Paul's-Chicago in 1853-A Relic of Chateaubriand, 165-Tennyson on Britain - February 30-'Nicholas Nickleby': Capt. Cuttle-Skellat Bell: Mort Bell-Our Oldest Public School, 166-'The True Methodist,' 167. QUERIES:-"The Crown and Three Sugar Loaves "-" He

who knows not"-Eleanor Mapletoft, 167-Authors of Quotations-Arms of Ghent, 168-Lord Bateman and his Sophia-Dorsetshire Snake-lore-Mess Dress: Sergeants Sashes-Arms of Lincoln-Is Golf Scandinavian ?-Turner: Canaletto, 168--" Chevinier"-Guide to Manor RollsRegicides of Charles I.-Egerton-Warburton-Ancient Britons-" Bellamy's "-" Ovah" Bubbles - Immortality of Animals-Jamaica Newspaper, 169. REPLIES: - Nelson's Sister Anne

Curious Christian

Names, 170-French Miniature Painter-Memoirs of a Stomach, 171-"Papers" - Pannell-Aylsham ClothRobin a Bobbin-Robert Catesby-Christmastide Folk lore, 172-Court Posts under Stuart Kings - Nameless Gravestone-Batrome-"Diabread" — Bibliography of Epitaphs, 173-St. Patrick at Orvieto-Reign of TerrorAcerbative -Trial of Queen Caroline -The Cope Chauceriana-General Stewart's Portrait, 174-Anatomie Vivante-Peculiars-"First catch your hare"-Envelopes "Prior to "-Moon Folk-lore, 175-Raleigh: its Pronun

"

ciation-Smothering Hydrophobic Patients-Tea as Meal-Chinese Ghosts, 176-Dolores, Musical Composer Marlborough and Shakespeare, 177.

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NOTES ON BOOKS:-Great Masters'-'Hierurgia Angli

cana-Quarterly Review.'

Death of Capt. Thorne George. Booksellers' Catalogues.

Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

'NEW AMSTERDAM.'

(See ante, p. 58.)

IN your notice of my work on 'New Amsterdam,' &c., I observe that you have inadvertently confounded the so-called Justus Danckers view of 1650, at the frontispiece of the book, with the "Hartgers view," of about 1630, at p. 2 of the work, in stating that I claim to have discovered that it was originally printed in a reversed form. As it stands that would be an entirely untenable claim, and if not corrected it will be quite likely to draw out adverse comment from this side of the water.

Both the Danckers view and the earlier Hartgers view were undoubtedly taken by means of a camera obscura, which instrument had been recently introduced into draughting operations at that period. This instrument, when unprovided with supplementary lenses, or with a reflecting mirror, takes in a reversed form, as is well known.

Now as to the Danckers view, I have the etching in its reversed or original form (the only print of the kind that I have ever seen, although I have paid considerable attention to the subject), but I know that this view had been printed in proper form almost a

century ago. The explanation of this is that the view of 1650 contains well-known landmarks, and a person with the least knowledge of the topography of the town could see at a glance that something was wrong with the view, and a little examination would Suffice to show what the difficulty was.

With the Hartgers view, however, the case was different, and this was the view which I claim to have first placed in proper form. There can be little doubt that this was a mere engineer's sketch, to show the plan of the fort, and must have been made about 1628-30. At this time there were no landmarks which could be recognized without very intimate acquaintance with the localities. The peculiar position of the fort, upon a point of land with a river on each side of it, was the cause that the reversed view did not present an intrinsically absurd appearance; and consequently, though every one saw that there was something strange about the view, this was usually ascribed by writers to the unskilfulness in drawing of our ancestors. van Virginia' in 1651, had found the view Hartgers, in publishing his 'Beschrijvingh somewhere and inserted it just as it was.

Writers on the subject of the views of New Amsterdam, of whom there have been several, have taken the date of Hartgers' work as the period of the view, although the least knowledge of the conditions existing at that time would appear to have been sufficient to have prevented them from doing so. In their comments upon this view none of them appears to have had any suspicion that the view was not in proper form. People who did not claim to be original investigators made still worse work of it. As the buildings, which were mostly upon the east or right hand looking towards the fort, appear in the original to be upon the left hand or west, one or two popular writers have announced that there stood the first houses in New Amsterdam, and there has actually been a tablet put up upon a building in that vicinity to the above effect, without apparently a scintilla of other evidence-a disgrace to the city. J. H. INNES. New York.

SHAKESPEARIANA.

"PRENZIE" IN MEASURE FOR MEASURE.'For more than fifty years the mystery of the presence of this apparently meaningless word in a famous passage in Measure for Measure' (Act III. sc. i.) has been from time to time a subject of debate in the columns of 'N. & Q.,' but with no absolutely decisive result. (See 1st S. iii. 401, 454, 499, 522; iv. 11,

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63, 135, et passim.) On the supposition- a sup- "We caught......a sea-cow full seven feet position which I think may be taken as estab- long......the Indians call her manati; who lished, in spite of an able attempt to combat carries her young under her arm and gives it (8th S. ii. 203)-that the word, as it appears it suck like a woman," &c. Mr. Hill is in the First Folio version of the play, is the inclined to regard "manati" as another printer's incorrect rendering of some illegible form of "manito," the name of the Indian original, various words have been suggested spirit, which was conferred upon the seafrom time to time as that possible original, monster in question by reason of its evil each supported by much force and ingenuity propensities, and he thinks that, if this be of argument by its particular suggester. so, miching" might be found to be a Of these those which have obtained the corruption of "milching," the meaning of the greatest measure of support are (see doubtful expression thus becoming "milching references given above) "princely ". the manati," ie., performing a very ticklish one adopted in the Second Folio, and, I operation. V. ST. CLAIR MACKENZIE. believe, in most, if not all, copies of the text Branscombe, Dorking. since that time "priestly," 'precise," As no one of "primzie," and "saintly." these has succeeded in obtaining general acceptance, it may seem presumptuous at this time of day to propose another; but, at the risk of adding to the list of failures, I will venture to do so. The word I would suggest is "seemly," or, as it would at the date of the play probably be written, 'seemelie," and, substituting this word for "prenzie" in the text of the First Folio instead of "princely," I would have the passage where that word occurs run thus:Claud. The seeming Angelo?

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Isab. O, 'tis the cunning livery of hell, The damned'st body to invest and cover In seemly guards !......

and leave the propriety of the alteration to the judgment of your readers. It seems to me (though that is nothing) that the passage thus read conveys the exact meaning of the dramatist. The introduction of the word "precise" had also this merit, according to the almost common consent of your quondam correspondents (see references above); but it was open to the fatal objection of vitiating the metre. The word I have chosen avoids this, whilst being, in my opinion, equally appropriate to the sense, if not more so; and, if it be objected to it that it presents little similarity in form to the imitative printer's word "prenzie," I would urge that this is only so at the first glance, for, written as it would be in the characters of the period, with the elongated initial s (easily mistaken for a p), it would be found, I think, to come nearer to it in appearance than any other of the words suggested. JOHN HUTCHINSON. Middle Temple Library.

"MICHING MALLICHO" (9th S. xi. 504). Mr. Richard W. Hill, Stocklinch, Ilminster, has put before me a conjecture which occurred to him upon reading Westward Ho,' chap. xviii., in which Kingsley, apparently making a transcript from Hakluyt, writes:

THE WINTER'S TALE,' III. ii. 80-5.—
My life stands in the level of your dreams,
Which I'll lay down.

Rolfe: "My life is at the mercy of your
are like the 'baseless.
suspicions, which
fabric' of a dream."

Furness: Whencesoever the metaphor, I think that 'in' is here equivalent simply to on. 'You speak,' says Hermione, 'a language I understand not; my life,-the actions you impute to me,-and your dreams are on a level.' That this is the meaning is confirmed, I think, by the intense scorn with which Leontes repeats almost her very words: 'Your actions are my dreams! I dream'd you had a bastard!'"'

I cannot think that Furness is happy in this conjecture. Hermione's (mode of) life, the actions Leontes imputes to her, and his dreams can hardly be spoken of as standing on the same level, for, under this explanation, they are one and the same thing; her supposed actions have no existence except in his dreams, of which they form the substance. If there could be any doubt that "My life stands in the level of your dreams" means "My life is at the mercy of your suspicions," I should think it would be dispelled by the next clause, "Which I'll lay down," confirming, as it does, the thought of something endangering her life. Without such antecedent thought the statement would be uncalled for; but in this connexion it naturally follows-"which I'll (therefore) lay down." This clause also shows that "life," as here used, means not mode, manner, or course of living, but existence as a living being. As for Leontes's reply, he naturally fires up at the word "dreams," and emphatically asserts that his opinion is not a baseless fabric, but is founded on fact-on the queen's actions.

E. MERTON DEY.

'THE WINTER'S TALE,' III. ii. 87-92.-Hudson says of the phrase "like to itself," "I

can make nothing of it; whereas 'left to
itself' expresses the actual fact rightly. The
correction is Keightley's." The meaning
seems to be that the babe has been physically
cast out, as corresponding to the position
which a natural child occupies in the world-
socially an outcast, no father owning it.
E. MERTON DEY.

St. Louis.

"A VERY, VERY PAJOCK," 'HAMLET,' III. ii. 278.-I think the following passage gives us the word "pajock" with a different spelling. It is probably an onomatopeic representation of the cry of the peacock. The passage is from Sir John Harington's Ulysses upon Ajax,' 1596 (Chiswick reprint, p. 41):

"Who liveth, of any reading (were he content to surfeit in his folly), that with Aretine could not talk of Nanna, with another [Elderton ?] of a red nose, with Perieres of a pye and Piaux? I have seen an oration made in praise of a college custard, and......commending a goose."

"Perieres" is, I suppose, Pereira, a Spanish
physician, who wrote (in the middle of the
sixteenth century) a great deal about the
souls of beasts and their transmigration, in
which he did not believe. Of course "Piaux"
may have some other meaning_altogether,
may even be a proper name, then I am wholly
wrong. But it seems to me to stand for
peacock.
H. CHICHESTER HART.

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BURTON'S ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY.' (See 9th S. xi. 181, 222, 263, 322, 441; xii. 2, 62, 162, 301, 362, 442; 10th S. i. 42.)

Vol. i. (Shilleto), p. 39, 1. 21; 18, 1. 13 (ed. 6), "secundum magis & minus." Cf. Bac., 'Nov. Org.,' ii. 13, init.

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P. 43, n. 4; 20, n. q,"Regula naturæ." See Lips., Man. ad Stoic. Phil.,' i. 4, where "Aristoteles est Regula et exemplar, quod Natura invenit ad demonstrandam Ultimam Perfectionem humanam" is quoted from Averroes, in iii. 'De Anima.'-Ibid., "demo- | nium hominis." See Lips., ' Ep. Quæst.,' iii. 20. P. 43, 1. 19; 20, 33, "merito cui doctior orbis," &c. in my last paper I should have added that Lipsius's anonymous quotation is from Florens Christianus, ll. 35, 36, of verses on Scaliger's edition of Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius (Del. Poet. Gall.,' i. 802, and at beginning of Scaliger's 'Cat., Tib., and Prop.,' 1600). That Burton took it from Lipsius is shown by merito, which is Lipsius's addition.

P. 59, n. 1; 30, n. a, "Dict. Cretens." No; Dares Phrygius, 44.

P. 60, n. 8; 31, n. g, "Lucan." Lucan, x. 407, has nulla, not rara, and pietas, not probitas.

P. 63, n. 5; 32, n. b, "Eobanus Hessus." De Victoria Wirtembergensi,' 451-3, p. 710 in 1564 (Frankfort) ed. of his 'Op. Farragines Duæ.'

P. 64, 1. 12; 33, 12, as wise Seneca censures him" ['Benef.,' II. xvi. i.: the ref. to II. i. (n. 2; n. d) is wrong]. N. 2; n. d, "Idem Lactantius" ['Inst.,' I. xviii. 121.-Ibid., Ammianus, lib. 23 [XXIII. vi. 44].

P. 65, 1. 4; 33, 33, "So Africanus is extolled by Ennius." See Lact., I. xviii. 11; Sen.,. Ep. 108, 34.

ad cœlum patuit, qui magnam generis humani P. 65, n. 2; 33, n. k, "Herculi eadem porta partem perdidit." Lact., I. xviii. 13, where nam et Herculi eadem ista porta patuit' is quoted from Cicero (Librorum de R. P.. incertor. Frag. 6, in C. F. W. Müller); and I. xviii. 11.

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P. 65, 1. 9; 33, 37, as Lactantius truly proves." I. ix. as regards Hercules, and I. x. 4 as regards Mars.

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P. 65, 1. 22; 34, 3, as Cyprian notes.” 'Ad Donat.,' vi.

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P. 67, n. 2; 34, n. 1, "ut reus innocens. pereat, fit nocens. Judex damnat foras, quod intus operatur.' The punctuation is wrong.. Ut reus innocens pereat, fit nocens iudex," is from ch. x., and "damnant foris quod intus operantur" from ch. ix. of the epistle. P. 67, 1. 6; 34, 46, "eundem furtum facere & punire." The passage in Sidonius is Ep. II. i. 2, non cessat simul furta vel punire vel facere."

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P. 72, n. 9; 38, n. 'acres......indulgent." See the passage from Aurelius Victor, Epit. i. (c. 24), referred to just below.

P. 74, 1. 1; 38, 40, "If every man had a window in his breast, which Momus would have had in Vulcan's man." Lucian, 'Hermotimus,' 20.

In Cat.,' i. 32.

P. 74, 1.3; 38, 41, "Tully." P. 74, n. 3; 39, n. y. The chapter of the epistle is ix.

P. 74, n. 6; 39, n. z. The S of lib. i. of Martianus Capella is 68 (Kopp); p. 18, Grotius.

P. 76, n. 4; 40, n. k, "Prosper." Epigr. 100 (97), 1. 2; vol. li. col. 529, in Migne's 'Patrolog. Lat.'

P. 76, 1. 14; 40, 12, "Hippocrates, in his Epistle to Dionysius." Epist. xiii. 3.

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P. 76, 1. 30; 40, 26, "which one calls maxi-Neue Freie Presse of 10 January. M. Combes, mum stultitiæ specimen." Apuleius, Florida,' the present Prime Minister of France, in the i. 3. The reference i. 2, which Shilleto adds course of an interview, mentions that he first (the printo Florid. (77, n. 2; 40, n. *), should be i. 3 met his wife on the "Boulingrin cipal promenade) of Pons, a small town in the (p. 13, Oud.; p. 4, G. Krüger). Charente. The "Boulingrin" at Rouen, near Joan of Arc's prison, is well known. It would be interesting to note similar relics of the English rule to be found elsewhere in France. I can only recollect the bosses in the roof of the cathedral at Bayonne with the arms of Henry VI.

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P. 78, 1. 22; 41, 24, "bray him in a mortar,
he will be the same.'
See Proverbs xxvii. 22.
P. 80, n. 4; 42, n.*, "Plutarchus Solone": 4.
P. 80, 1. 25; 44, 33, "by Plato's good leave."
Phil.,' 36, 59E-60A.

P. 80, 1. 34; 42, 41, "nemo malus qui non
stultus, 'tis Fabius' aphorism to the same
end." Quintil., Inst., xii. 1. 4.
1,

.

P. 82, 1.5; 43, 23, out of an old Poem." The Hypsipyle' of Euripides; Frag. 757 Dind.

P. 82, n. 3; 43, n. p, “iniuria in sapientem non cadit." Sen., 'Dial.' ii. 7, 2, “iniuria in sapientem virum non cadit."

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P. 83, n. 3; 44, n. b, "Ep. Damageto [Hippocr. Ep. xiv. 3]; n. 4; n. c [Ep. xiv. 4]. P. 83, n. 5; 44, n. d, "per multum risum Risum and poteris cognoscere stultum." multum should be transposed. This leonine hexameter, with debes for poteris, is quoted in Binder's 'Nov. Thes. Adag. Latin,' from Gartner's 'Proverbialia Dicteria' (1574).

P. 84, 1. 19; 44, 48, "to keep Homer's works." Pliny, 'N.H.,' vii. 29, 108; Plutarch,

'Alexand.,' 44.

P. 84, 1. 20; 45, 1, "Scaliger upbraids Homer's Muse, nutricem insana sapientiæ." J. C. Scaliger's remark; see his son's Confut. Fab. Burd.,' p. 201, 'Opusc.,' Pt. II. (1612). Burton's marginal note is "Hypocrit." Was he thinking of bk. vi., 'Hypercriticus,' of Scaliger's Poetice,' cap. vii., where, in criticizing Hor., Epist.,' i. 2, Scaliger says, "quis enim dicat Homeri nugas esse potiores præceptis philosophorum"?

P. 84, n. 6; 45, n. 6, "ut mulier aulica nullius pudens." For this remark of J. C. Scaliger see 'Confut.,' loc. cit.

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P. 84, 1. 24; 45, 4, "Scaliger rejects him [Lucian]......and calls him the Cerberus of the Muses." J. C. Scaliger again; see Confut.,' ad fin. (p. 202). Galenum fimbriam Hippocrates (see Burton, 85, 1. 4; 45, 15) occurs immediately after this in the 'Confut.' P. 84, 1. 30; 45, 9, "Cardan, in his 16th Book of Subtleties,' reckons up twelve supereminent, acute Philosophers.' See pp. 802-4 of the 1582 (Basel) edition of 'De Subtil.' EDWARD BENSLY. The University, Adelaide, South Australia. (To be continued.)

THE ENGLISH IN FRANCE.-I may note a curious trace of the English rule in France, which I have just come across in the Vienna

H. 2.

SIR THOMAS WYATT'S RIDDLE.-In Robert Bell's edition of this poet's works there is a piece infelicitously entitled 'Description of a Gun,' which runs as follows:Vulcan begat me; Minerva me taught; Nature my mother; craft nourished me year by

year;

dear.

Three bodies are my food; my strength is in nought;
Anger, wrath, waste, and noise are my children
Guess, friend, what I am, and how I am wrought,
Monster of sea, or of land, or of elsewhere:

Know me, and use me, and I may thee defend; And, if I be thine enemy, I may thy life end. We are informed in a note that "In the Harrington MS. these lines are entitled, "A Riddle ex Pandulpho ""; but who Pandulphus was we are not told, nor have I been able to discover, but the original of Wyatt's first four lines is quoted in Camden's Remaines' in his chapter on 'Artillarie,' where he writes:

"The best approved Authors agree that they [guns] were invented in Germanie by Berthold Swarte, a Monke skillful in Gebers Cookery or Alchimy, who, tempering Brimstone and Saltpeter in a morter, perceived the force by casting up the stone which covered it, when a sparke fell into it. But one saith he consulted with the divell for an offensive weapon, who gave him answer in this obscure Oracle:

Vulcanus gignat, pariat Natura, Minerva
Edoceat, nutrix ars erit atque dies.
Vis mea de nihilo, tria dent mihi corpora pastum:
Sunt soboles strages, vis, furor, atque fragor.
By this instruction he made a trunck of yron
with learned advice, crammed it with sulphure,
bullet, and, putting thereto fire, found the effects
to bee destruction, violence, fury, and roaring
cracke."

The old writer, who penned these words three
centuries ago this very year, furnishes the
vaguest authority for his remarkable state-
ment about Schwarz's dealings with his Satanic
majesty, whose tetrastich is certainly superior
to Wyatt's octave in point of finish. Polydore
Virgil, in his book 'De Rerum Inventoribus,'
lib. ii. cap. xi., relates pretty much the
same story, but he gives no name, and merely
a Ger-
declares the discoverer to have been "

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