336 168= 42=1 tierce. 504 252 63=141 hogshead. 672= 336= 84=2 =14=1 puncheon. 1008 504 126=3 =2 =1=1 pipe. 2016=1008=252=6 =4 =3 =2=1 tun. 78 In 13t. lp. 1hhd. 12gall. of wine, how many pints? SO. In 5hhds. 43gall. 2qt. 1pt. how many pints? Ans. 2869. 81. In 5738 quarts, how many tuns? Ans. 5t. 1p. 48gall. 2qt, BEER MEASURE. 57. This measure is used for ale, strong-beer, and small 3. 2= 1 quart. 8 4 1 gallon. 7236 = 9 = 1 firkin. 14472 18 = 2=1 kilderkin. 432=216= 54 = 6=3=1+=1 hogshead. 82. In 14 hogsheads of beer, how many quarts? Ans. 3024. Multiply by 14, 2, 2, 9, and 4. 83. In 12345 pints of ale, how many kilderkins? Ans. 85k. Divide by 2, 4, 9, and 2. 1fir. 4gal. 1pt. 84. In 216 barrels of ale, how many hogsheads? Ans. 144. Multiply by 2, and divide by 3. 85. In 216 hogsheads of beer, how many barrels? Ans. 324. * Formerly the ale firkin consisted of 84 gallons, and the beer firkin of 9. A late writer has shewn, that this distinction is not at present attended to, but that the firkin, whether of ale or beer, contains 9 gallons. A gallon beer measure contains 282 cubic inches; consequently a pint contains 354 cubic inches. The wine gallon bears nearly the same proportion to the beer gallon, that a pound troy does to a pound avoirdupois; for the troy pound is to the avoirdupois pound as 144 to 175; and the wine gallon is to the beer gallon as 231 to 282; which is nearly the same. A cubic foot of water weighs 1000 ounces avoirdupois, and a cubic foot of beer 1028 ounces; consequently a butt of beer will weigh about 178801 ounces, or 9cwt. 3qr. 25lb. 8oz. avoirdupois : hence 2 butts, weighing 19cwt. 3qrs. 231b. 1oz. (or nearly 20cwt.) are called a tun, or ton. DRY MEASURE. 58 Dry Measure is used for all measurable commodities, except liquors". 64= 8= 4 1 bushel. 256= 32= 16= 4= 1 coom. 512 64 32= 8= 2= 1 quarter. 2560=320=160=40=10= 5=1 wey. 5120=640=320=80=20=10=2=1 last. ▾ The standard weights and measures were formerly kept at Winchester, as they are now at the Exchequer. By a law of king Edgar, made nearly a century before the Conquest, it was enacted, that all measures of capacity should agree with the measures kept at Winchester. Hence the measure for dry goods is called Winchester measure. The gallon contains 268 cubic inches, and conse quently the pint will be 33 cubic inches nearly. The dry gallon is somewhat greater than a mean between the wine and beer gallons. By an act of Parliament, made in 1697, it was ordered, that the standard bushel should be a cylinder of 18 inches diameter, and 8 inches deep, which are the legal dimensions of the corn bushel at present in use. A bushel of wheat weighs 1000 ounces, or 62+ pounds; a bushel of barley, 50 pounds; a bushel of oats, 38 pounds; a bushel of flour or salt, 56 pounds. A sack of flour is 5 bushels, and weighs 280 pounds. Both 5 bushels, and 40 bushels, of corn are reckoned a load; the former for a man, the latter for a cart. It may be remarked, that any measure heaped up is allowed to contain one third more than when it is struck off. 86. In 5 quarters 4 bushels 3 pecks of wheat, how many gallons? OPERATION. qr. bu. pk. 5 4 3 44 bushels. 4 179 pecks. 2 Ans. 358 gallons. Explanation. I multiply first by 8, because (2 cooms, or) 8 bushels are a quarter, and take in the 4; next by 4, and take in 3; and lastly by 2, where there is nothing to take in. 88. In 15 quarters of wheat, how many quarts? Ans. 3840. 89. In 91 lasts of corn, how many pecks? Ans. 29120. 90. In 12ch. 3bu. 1pk. of coals, how many pecks? Ans. 1741. 91. In 537 pecks of wheat, how many quarters? Ans. 16qr. 6bu. 1pk. 92. How many pecks are there in 20 score of coals? Ans. 60480. The standard coal bushel is 8 inches deep, and 19 wide: the measure is always heaped up; and for every 5 chaldrons bought at one time the seller must give 63 sacks. 12 hundred of some things. . a thousand. 60. PAPER, PARCHMENT, AND BOOKS. Of the different sizes of books, folio is the largest. A sheet of paper makes in duodecimo (12mo.). 12 leaves, or 24 pages. 93. In 50 dozen of eggs, how many score? Ans. 30. 94. In 720 score of corks, how many groce? Ans. 100. 95. How many great groce are there in one hundred thousand? Ans. 57 g. groce, 1504 over. 96. In forty great hundred of tallies, how many dozen? Ans. 400. 97. How many score in one hundred long dozens? Ans. 65. 98. In twenty thousand lemons, how many long dozens? Ans. 1538 1. doz. 6 over. a Oranges, lemons, lead-pencils, tobacco-pipes, corks, &c. are usually sold by the groce; eggs, tallies, nails, and many other small articles, are sold by the great hundred. |