145. When the price is an even number of shillings.

RULE. Multiply the given number by half the number of shillings; double the product of the right hand figure, call this shillings, and the rest of the product will be pounds".

y If the given number be multiplied by the price of each, the product will be the value of the given number in the same denomination with the price, as is evident. Wherefore, ex. 66, if 328 be multiplied by 4, the product is 1312 shillings, which divided by 20 is 657. 12s., the answer. Now multiplying by 4 and dividing by 20, is equivalent to multiplying by 2 and dividing by 10; the product then by this last method is 65 and 6 over; this 6 is 6 tenths; and therefore to reduce it to shillings (or twentieths of a pound) the 6 must evidently be doubled: wherefore the rule is plain.

66. What is the value of 328 four-shilling stamps ?

Explanation.

Here I multiply by 2 (the half of 4), and the product of the first figure is 16, which doubled is 32 shillings; or 17. 12s. put down 12, and carry I; then twice 32 are 64 and 1 carried 65, for pounds.

OPERATION.

328

2 Ans. 65l. 12s.

67.

68.

69.

Answer 341. 14s.

70. 262 at 8s. 71. 456 at 10s. 72. 481 at 12s. 73. 753 at 14s. 74. 500 at 16s.

75. 819 at 18s.

Answer 1041. 16s.
Answer 2281.
Answer 2281. 12s.
Answer 5271. 28.
Answer 40OL.
Answer 7371. 2s.

146. When the price is any number of shillings.

RULE. Multiply the given number by the price, and divide the product by 20'.

76. What is the value of 123 fowls, at 3 shillings each?

Here I multiply 123 by 3, and divide the product 369 by 20, and the quotient is the answer.

3

20)369

Ans. 181. 9s.

77.

The reason of this rule will be sufficiently plain, from what has been said

in the preceding note.

147. When the price is shillings and pence, or shillings, pence,

and farthings.

RULE I. Multiply by the shillings, take the pence and farthings in aliquot parts, and divide by them as before, add the several quotients and the product together, and divide the shillings by 20.

Or, II. Take the whole price in aliquot parts of a pound and of one another; divide by them, and add the quotients together for the answer.

96. Required the value of 213 stone of beef, at 7s. 8d. per stone.

Explanations.

In the first place I multiply 213 by the 7 shillings, and the product is the value at 7s. Next I say, 6d. is the of a shilling, and divide the top line by 2, the quotient is the value at 6d. Next I say, 2d. is of 6d. ; I divide 106..6 by 3, and the quotient is the value at 2d. In like manner is of 6d. ; I therefore divide 106..6 by 8, and the quotient is the value at These added together, and the shillings divided by 20, we have the answer.

a If the given number be multiplied by the shillings in the price of each, the product will be the price of the whole at so many shillings each; and the taking the odd pence and farthings in aliquot parts of a shilling and of each other has been already accounted for. If in the second rule we take the second operation of Ex. 86, and suppose 213 articles at 17. each, they will amount to 2137.; wherefore at 5s. (or of a pound) they will amount to of 213 pounds; at 2s. each (or of a pound) they will amount to at 6d. each (or of 2s.) they will amount to the value at manner at 2d. each they will amount to, and at to each.

T

of 213 pounds;

2s. each; in like

the value at 6d.

148. When the price is more than one pound, and less than

two pounds.

RULE I. Multiply by the the price, take parts for the as in the last rule.

number of shillings contained in pence and farthings, and proceed

Or, II. Let the top line stand for the value at one pound, draw no line under it, and take parts for the shillings, pence, and farthings, as in the latter part of the preceding rule".

This rule will be sufficiently clear from the preceding notes.

98. What.sum will purchase 237 baskets of figs, at 11. 6s. 9d. per basket?

Explanations.

I

In the first operation I multiply 237 by 26, the number of shillings in 17. 6s.; then I take parts for the remainder of the price, (viz. 9d.,) 6d. of a shilling, 3d. of 6d., and d. of 3d.; I divide by these in order, and add up the quotients together with the first mentioned product; then I divide by 20 to reduce the shillings to pounds.

In the second operation, I let the given number 237 represent the value at 1 pound; I then take the rest of the price in aliquot parts, namely, 5s. of a pound, Is. of 5s., 6d. 1 of Is., 3d.of 6d, and d. of 3d., and having divided by these, I add the quotients and top line together for the answer.

3