on the border of a neighboring State and duly authorized to practice under the laws thereof, whose practice extends into the limits of this State: Provided, That such practitioner shall not open an office or appoint a place to meet patients or receive calls within the limits of this State. This act shall not be construed to prevent medical students from practicing medicine and surgery under the immediate and direct supervision of a licensed physician for a limited period of two years: Provided, however, That the said student had not practiced medicine, surgery or obstetrics prior to the passage of this act; in the event the amount of time said student has practiced medicine, surgery or obstetrics shall be deducted from the said two years herein mentioned; and in no event shall the said student open an office or offer to engage in the practice of medicine, surgery or obstetrics. Any person violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall subject the offender to a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars ($25) nor more than two hundred dollars ($200). Sec. 8. To open an office for such purpose or to announce to the public in any way a readiness to practice medicine in any county of the State, or to prescribe for, or to give surgical assistance to those suffering from disease, injury or deformity, shall be to engage in the practice of medicine within the meaning of this act. Sec. 9. Any person who shall practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in this State without having a license duly issued as hereinbefore provided, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars ($25) nor more than two hundred dollars ($200). Sec. 10. All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed, and also an act entitled "An act regulating the practice of medicine, surgery and obstetrics, providing for the issuing of license to practice, defining certain misdemeanors and providing penalties," approved April 11, 1885, and all amendments thereto be and the same are hereby repealed. Additional Section. Twelve hundred copies of the annual report of the Board to the Governor shall be printed in the same manner as is the report of the State Board of Health; and the printing and stationery of the Board shall be paid out of the printing fund. MEDICAL LAWS IN FORCE IN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS POSSESSIONS. Through courtesy of the University of the State of New York, the synopsis of the medical laws in force in the United States and its possessions is published. ALABAMA. Licensing. The State medical association determines the standing of schools. County boards may examine candidates holding diplomas from reputable schools. Nongraduates must be examined by the State board. The examinations are in writing and, when held by a county board, must be reviewed and reported on by the State board. The subjects of examination are chemistry, anatomy, physiology, history and diagnosis of diseases, physical diagnosis, surgery, mechanism of labor, obstetric operations, hygiene, jurisprudence. Fee, $10. Graduates may apply either to a county or to the State board. Examinations.-An average of 75 per cent. is required. Candidates rejected by a county board can not be re-examined by a county board under one year, but the candidate may at once appeal to the State board and take a new examination. The examination occupies from six to ten days. Sec. 3260. Board of Medical Examiners.-The board of censors of the medical association of the State of Alabama, organized in pursance of the constitution thereof adopted at Tuscaloosa, in March, 1873, and the board of censors of the several county medical societies in affiliation with the association, and organized in pursuance of its constitution, are constituted boards of medical examiners having the authority and subject to the duties hereinafter prescribed. Sec. 3261. Certificate of Qualification Must Be Obtained.—Without a certificate of qualification from an authorized board of medical examiners, no person must engage in or pursue the practice of medicine in any of its branches or departments as a profession or means of livelihood. Sec. 3262. Standard of Qualification.-The standard of qualification, the method or system, and the subjects of examination of practitioners of medicine, shall be prescribed by the medical association of the State of Alabama, and must be observed by the boards of medical examiners. Sec. 3263. Certificate of Qualification.-It shall be the duty of the board of medical examiners, on application, to examine an applicant for a certificate of qualification as a practitioner of medicine, according to the rules and regulations made by the medical association of the State, and (21) if found qualified and of good moral character, to issue to him a certificate of qualification. For such certificate no fee or charge must be made by the board of examiners; but any actual expenses necessarily incurred by the board in making or supervising such examination not including the personal expenses of any member of the board attending such examination, must be paid by the applicant. Sec. 3264. Certificate of Qualification Recorded.-The certificate of qualification issued by an authorized board of medical examiners, is a license to the person to whom it is issued for the purpose therein expressed, and confers authority to practice medicine throughout the State. Such certificate must be recorded in the office of the judge of probate of the county in which the person to whom it is issued may reside at the time of the issue; and upon the record thereof, the judge of probate must indorse thereon a certificate of the fact of record, which must be signed by him, and to which he must affix the seal of the court; and for the record and certificate he is entitled to a fee of $1. Sec. 3265. Certificate Evidence of Authority.-Such certificate, the record thereof being certified by the judge of probate, is evidence of the authority of the person therein named to practice medicine, and if the original be lost, a certified copy of the record is sufficient evidence. Sec. 3266. Contracts for Medical Services, When Void.-Every contract or agreement, express or implied, the consideration of which is the service of a physician or surgeon, is void, unless the physician or surgeon has authority to practice obtained according to the provisions of this chapter. But proof of such authority must not be required, unless two days' notice to make the same is given before the trial of any suit brought to recover the value of such services. Sec. 3267. Midwives.-The provisions of this chapter do not apply to women engaged in the practice of midwifery. Sec. 5333. Practicing Medicine or Surgery Without Certificate or Qualification.—Any person, who practices medicine or surgery without having first obtained a certificate of qualification from one of the authorized boards of medical examiners of this State, must, on conviction, be fined not less than $25, nor more than $100. Administrative.-The board of censors of the State medical association, and the boards of censors of the county medical societies are constituted boards of medical examiners. Executive officer, senior censor for the State board, or the secretary of a county board. Registration of the certificate of qualification from the State or county board in the office of a county judge of probate. Fee, $1. Preliminary.-Prescribed by the State medical association. Licensing. The board grants a certificate after examination on the subjects prescribed by the State medical association. ALASKA. No Laws.-John G. Brady, governor of Alaska, Oct. 30, 1898. No law enacted up through the fifty-fifth congress ending March 3, 1899. ARIZONA. Examination consists of a written essay on a medical subject suggested at the time of examination and an oral examination on all the main branches, as taught in the best schools and text-books. No other preliminary requirements than the possession of a diploma from a lawful school conferring the degree of M. D. Registration.-No other charge than the examination fee is made. Section 1. Diploma Necessary to Practice.-It shall be unlawful for any one to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in Arizona unless such person shall have obtained a diploma regularly issued by a medical college properly and lawfully organized under the laws of the State or Territory wherein said college shall be located. Sec. 2. Examination Necessary; Exceptions.-It shall be unlawful for any person to practice medicine, surgery or obstetrics in Arizona unless such person shall have passed a satisfactory examination before the examining board hereafter provided; and provided further, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to women who have practiced obstetrics; provided further, that the provisions of this act shall not apply to resident practicing physicians or surgeons who have already complied with the present existing law. Sec. 3. Board of Examiners; Appointment; Compensation.-There shall be established in Arizona a board of medical examiners. Said board shall consist of five members to be appointed by the governor within thirty days after the passage of this act, each of whom shall be a graduate physician of at least five years' consecutive practice, and who shall be at the time of their appointment actually engaged in the practice of medicine, and a bona fide citizen of Arizona, one of whom shall be appointed for the term of one year, one for the term of two years, one for the term of three years, one for the term of four years, and one for the term of five years. And hereafter it shall be the duty of the governor to appoint or re-appoint examiners every year as the term of those heretofore appointed shall terminate, either by resignation, death or expiration of their term of office. Said appointments shall be made so that said board of examiners shall consist of two physicians of the so-called regular school of medicine and two of the so-called homeopathic school of medicine and one of the socalled eclectic school of medicine. Each applicant shall pay the fee of $5 before examination, which shall be the only compensation of said board of examiners. Sec. 4. Organization; Meetings; Duties.-Said board of examiners shall organize by electing one of their number as president and one as secretary and make rules and regulations for the government of said board. Said board shall meet quarterly and at such other times as the board may deem advisable, and examine all persons eligible to practice medicine under this act, but the examination of each applicant shall be conducted by the members of whichever school of medicine the applicant may choose, and upon their approval a certificate shall be issued by the board. |