pine is exactly antagonistic to atropine, but jaborine acts similar to the latter drug.

Muscarine.-Atropine exactly opposes muscarine, and vice

versâ.

Physostigma.-Atropine as to the respiration, heart and pupil. Chloral is also antagonistic.

Aconite. Atropine, morphine and ammonia antagonize its effects on the heart and respiration. Digitalis counteracts its heart action and the relaxation of cardiac inhibition.

Veratrum.-Morphine and atropine antagonize the cardiac depression; also alcohol, ammonia, etc.

Tobacco. Strychnine is the true physiological antagonist of nicotine, and vice versa. Alcohol, ammonia, ergot, digitalis, belladonna, etc., antagonize its action on the circulation.

Lobelia.-Strychnine, picrotoxine, and thebaine antagonize its action on the nervous system. The vasomotor excitants, as alcohol, digitalis, belladonna, oppose its effects on the circulation.

Hydrocyanic Acid.—Atropine is antagonistic (but, practically, is too slowly diffused to be of any value).

Barium.-Amyl nitrite, nitroglycerine, and similarly acting agents are its physiological antagonists.

Carbolic Acid.-Atropine is said to be a very complete physiological antagonist, maintaining the heart and respiration until elimination occurs, which should be promoted by diluents used freely.

Ipecac. The emetic action is antagonized by the narcotics generally; also by bismuth, carbolic and hydrocyanic acids.

EXPLANATIONS AND DIRECTIONS.

Figures following the name of the ingredients of preparations indicate the percentage of that ingredient in the preparation. See Official Preparations, pages 64-90.

Figures immediately preceding the name of a chemical substance indicate the solubility of that substance: 4, Lithii Benzoas, indicates that Benzoate of Lithia is soluble in 4 parts of water. See Inorganic Compounds, 90-126, etc.

It is recommended that the student use in his study the table of "Official Drugs with Natural Order and their Constituents," pages 134-142, in connection with the classification of official preparations found on pages 60-64. The figure placed immediately after the name of the drug (pages 134142) indicates the number of preparations into which that drug enters. To find the name of that preparation it is only necessary to turn to pages 60-64, where it will be found under its proper head. Example:-On page 134 we find "Absinthium, Herba (1)." If now we turn to page 60 we will find the name of the official preparation into which absinthium enters (in the class of "drugs contained in one preparation only") to be Aromatic Wine.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS.-The questions are introduced at various points for the purpose of directing the student's attention to the Pharmacopoeia, where answers to them are to be obtained. The student himself may multiply these questions, and, following out the scheme suggested by these questions, may find it an invaluable drill.

192

Antimony, analytical reactions of, Calcium, analytical reactions of, 106