Scots," which appeared originally in were commissioned; the Monument of Constable's Miscellany." This work Wellington between Peace and War, in grew rapidly in public favour, and edi- the London Guildhall; and the statue tion followed edition until about fifty for "Armed Science," at Woolwich, all thousand copies were exhausted. The large works in marble. His latest prostyle is elegant, the narrative clear, the ductions are the "Guards' Memorial of descriptions graphic. At an early age Waterloo," consisting of four colossal he published a volume of poetry entitled bronze figures, on a granite pedestal; "Summer and Winter Hours," and a and the memorial to those officers and miscellaneous volume of prose and verse, men of the Artillery who fell in the with the title of "My Old Portfolio." Crimea, to be erected on the parade at Both these books have been long out of Woolwich. To his chisel we owe "The print. He likewise established, and for Babes in the Wood,” and “Androsome years edited with marked success, meda." Mr. Bell has not confined his the "Edinburgh Literary Journal," a attention exclusively to sculpture, but weekly periodical which obtained a wide has also made designs for fountains, circulation. Mr. Bell was appointed domestic objects, &c., which have met First Sheriff Substitute for Lanarkshire, | with high praise from Art critics. at Glasgow, in 1839. He takes a warm interest in every movement calculated to improve his native city; and there is no effort made towards advancing the social well-being of the community which he is not found advocating with that truest of eloquence, the language of the heart. We need scarcely say that he is the author of poetical pieces which have found a place in every school collection, but which have been so long familiar to us, that we are often tempted to think of the author as belonging to a past generation. BELL, ROBERT, an English author, was born at Cork in 1800. He is the son of an Irish officer. He resided at first in London, afterwards in Dublin. He is the author of the "History of Russia," in three vols.; of the concluding volumes of Sir James Mackintosh's "History of England," and Southey's "Lives of the Admirals; " the "Lives of English Poets," two vols., in "Lardner's Cyclopædia;" of the "Memorials of the Civil War," two vols.; "A Life of George Canning;" and "Wayside Pictures through France, Belgium, and BELL, JOHN, an English sculptor, Germany." Mr. Bell has also written was born in Norfolk, in 1812. In his several tales and novels, of which the various productions Mr. Bell has evi- "Ladder of Gold," and "Hearts and denced a desire to strike out an original Altars," are the best known and most course by the exercise of his own inven- widely popular, as well as numerous tive faculties. In 1837 he exhibited the dramatic pieces, including three five-act "Eagle Slayer," which has been pro- | comedies, Marriage," "Mothers and nounced by competent critics to be his Daughters," and "Temper." An erubest work. Four years later he pro- dite and accurate writer, Mr. Bell has duced his "Dorothea," which has been been largely connected with current copied in porcelain, and has met with literature and criticism, and a constant very high praise from those who have not contributor to the quarterly and monthly had the opportunity of studying the other periodicals. Originally editor of the productions of the author. Among his 'Atlas" newspaper, and the "Monthly works are statues of "Lord Falkland," | Chronicle Magazine," he is also editor "Sir Robert Walpole," now in the of the "Annotated Edition of the BriHouses of Parliament, for which they tish Poets," a work on which great labour and research have been ex- those purchased for the Westphalian pended. 66 Society of Arts. His next, and perhaps BELL, THOMAS, an English naturalist his most perfect work, was "Jeremiah and author, was born 11th October, 1792, on the Ruins of Jerusalem," a colossal at Poole, Dorsetshire. He was educated painting, which procured the artist a in his native town and at Shaftesbury. medal of the first class from Paris in He entered the medical profession in 1837. This picture occupies a promi1814, at Guy's Hospital, was admitted nent place in the Gallery of the King of a member of the College of Surgeons in Prussia. Between 1835 and 1837 Benthe following year, and in 1817 he be- demann painted the following pictures : came a lecturer at Guy's Hospital. For "Harvest," for the Society of Arts at eleven years he was a member of the Berlin ; The Shepherd and ShepCouncil of the Zoological Society, and herdess" (of Uhland's poem), for Count for about eight years he acted as Vice- | Raczenski's collection; and "The Art President. He was appointed Professor of Painting at the Font of Poetry" (Die of Zoology in King's College, London, in 1836. In 1828 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society; in 1839, 1841, and 1847 was chosen one of the Council; in 1848 was elected Secretary, which office he held until 1853; and has subsequently been a Vice-President of the Royal Society for five years. He has been President of the Ray and Linnæan Societies, and an Honorary Fellow of the College of Surgeons since 1844. He is the author of a number of papers which have appeared in the Proceedings of those societies with which he has been so long identified. His larger works are on British Reptilia (1829), British Quadrupeds (1836), British Crustacea (1853), and the Fossil Crustacea of Great Britain (1858). A new edition of "White's History of Selborne," with numerous additional letters, is announced as being now in preparation by Mr. Bell. Künste am Brunnen der Poesie). In 1838 he was appointed Professor in the Academy of Dresden. He there completed a series of wall-paintings in the halls of the Royal Palace; a third hall, which was projected by the king, not having been carried out. About the same time he produced "Nansikaa," an oil-painting, in the possession of the King of Prussia, and an aquarelle of the same for Mr. Thompson of Belfast. In 1859 he was appointed Director of the Academy of Dusseldorf. His last production is a small oil-painting, entitled 'Ulysses and Penelope," which was only completed a short time ago. Bendemann in all his works exhibits the characteristic excellences of the Dusse!dorf school, its accurate drawing and skilful composition, its wealth of invention and poetic feeling. But to these he superadds a profound acquaintance with nature, and a grace which are spe cially his own; and he is one of the few painters of the school to which he belongs who have been equally successful in tableaux or genre, and in the grand historical style. 66 BENDEMANN, EDWARD, a German painter, was born at Berlin, December 3, 1811. He received an excellent literary education, but art was his true vocation. In 1831 he exhibited in the Berlin Exhition "The Mourning of the Jews," the subject being taken from the 137th Psalm "By the waters of Babylon we sat down and wept." In 1833 he produced his "Two Young Girls at a Fountain," he showed a great taste for music, reaccounted one of the best works among ceived lessons from Hummel, at Weimar, BENEDICT, JULIUS, a German musical composer and pianist, was born at Stuttgardt in 1805. He is the son of a banker in that place. At an early age and when fifteen years of age became soon distinctly developed. In 1836 he the pupil of the great Weber. He went to Leipsic, to take part in the became afterwards musical director at concerts the great composer Mendelssohn San Carlo, in Naples. In 1830, after a was conducting, and his compositions short visit to Stuttgardt and Berlin, performed there were so highly ap where he met with considerable success, plauded that the name of young Sternhe first went to Paris, and then return-dale Bennett became familiar throughed to Naples. In 1835, at the instance out Germany as that of a learned, of the late Mdme. Malibran, he visited imaginative, and fertile musician. He London for the first time, and, having afterwards returned to England, and accepted an engagement by Barbaja at has for nearly twenty-five years la Naples, composed his "Anno ed un boured incessantly in his art. He comGiorno," for young Lablache's début in poses rapidly: overtures, sonatas, conthat town. This opera having been re-certos, piano studies, songs, all flow with eived very favourably, led to his equal ease from his prolific mind, and as engagement as conductor of the Opera Buffo in London, whither, after a few months' residence in Paris, he removed in 1836, and has ever since remained. In 1838 he produced his first English opera, "The Gipsy's Warning," which rapidly obtained a success for which it was indebted to its power, beauty, and dramatic excellence. "The Brides of Venice," and "The Crusaders," followed. In 1850 he accompanied Jenny Lind to America, as pianist and conductor, and shared in that gifted lady's triumphs. For many years Benedict has been the director of various musical assemblies and concerts, not only in London, but throughout the provinces. His musical abilities are of the first rank, and his qualifications as a leader unsurpassed. His most wonderful triumph is in the fact that, although a German and educated exclusively in the musical schools of Germany, he has #ucceeded in writing operas for the Italian and English stage, which have met with the highest success. BENNETT, WILLIAM STERNDALE, a pianist and composer, was born at Sheffield in 1816. He studied in the Royal Academy of Music, where he had the good fortune to receive instruction from two admirable masters, Dr. Crotch and Cipriani Potter. His progress was remarkable, and his talent for music was a performer and instructor he ranks BERGHAUS, HENRY, a German geographer, was born at Cleves on the 3rd May, 1797. The son of John Isaac Berghaus, a well-known historical and scientific writer, he was educated partly under his father's immediate care, and partly at the Gymnasium Paulinum, at Munster, where he directed his attention chiefly to mathematics and engineering. At the early age of fourteen he was employed under the French administration in Germany as an engineer, in connexion with the great system of inland navigation projected by Napoleon, and meant to extend from Lübeck and Hamburg to Paris. This official appointment, of course, ceased with the battle of Leipsic, and the retreat of the French beyond the Rhine. After the treaty of Paris, he went to the Univer derived from Berghaus were duly pointed out. The geographical works written by Berghaus are very numerous; several others are at this moment in the press, or in course of preparation. In 1852, at the request of a society under the auspices of the East India Company and the Governor-General of India, he wrote a Manual of Geography, which on being translated into the Hindustani, Tamil, and other dialects, was to be introduced into the Indian native schools. Among the students who attended the geographical school founded by Berghaus at Potsdam in 1839, were the wellknown A. Petermann of Gotha, who is his foster-son, Henry Lange of Leipsic, and Hermann Berghaus of Gotha. He sity of Marburg, where he prepared, of Edinburgh, in which the materials while engaged in other studies, various works for the Geographical Society of Weimar. After Napoleon's escape from Elba, Berghaus entering the Commissariat department of the army, was quartered at Rennes, and took advantage of his residence in that part of France to study carefully the geography of the surrounding country. On his return to Germany he published his excellent Map of France, in which he laid down his personal observations. In 1816 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Berlin, as a student under the rectorship of Schleiermacher. In 1818 he was appointed Geographical Engineer to the second section of the War Department, and in this capacity he took part in the Government survey which begun in 1810, had been interrupted by the war of 1813-15, and was recommenced after the peace of 1816. In 1821 he obtained a chair in the Academy of Architecture, and withdrew from his military employment. He now devoted himself with renewed zeal to geographical pursuits, bestowing immense labour on the maps constructed by him, and the geographical papers and works of which he is the author. His chief productions Commons' Enclosure Bill, and a speech are his Map of the Spanish peninsula, which is considered the best yet produced; his large Atlas of Asia, consisting of fifteen maps, with notes, published at Gotha between 1833 and 1843; and his Physical Atlas, consisting of ninety-three maps with explanations, the first edition of which was published at Gotha, be- | Majesty's navy, were among his earlier tween 1837 and 1843, and the second efforts. A speech in moving for a comedition between 1850 and 1852. Physical mittee on the Beer Bill, which he cargeography was raised to the high position ried, and a motion to abolish the Yeoit now holds as a science by this work, manry force, were a happy mixture of which has been largely pirated from, satire and argument; and one moving and almost copied in publications which for inquiry into the conduct of Lord fail to acknowledge the source of their Lucan, was acknowledged to be exinformation. An English edition of tremely able. Mr. Berkeley, however, this work, incorporated with new mat- has chiefly acquired his reputation as ter, was published by A. K. Johnston the chief speaker on the Ballot question, BERKELEY, THE HON. FRANCIS HENRY FITZHARDINGE, an English politician and member of Parliament, was born on the 5th of December, 1794. is the fourth son of the Earl of Berkeley, the representative of one of the oldest and most distinguished families in England. Elected in 1837 for the city and county of Bristol, he has sat in Parliament for that constituency ever since. Among Mr. Berkeley's speeches, one on the in seconding Sir John Bowring's motion for the abolition of corporal punishment in the army, and a defence of the conduct of his brother Sir Maurice Berkeley, who resigned a seat at the Admiralty because the Board, with Lord Minto, declined to increase the crews of Her his speeches in favour of which have always secured the ear of the House, from their happy combination of wit and argument. proved the solutions unsatisfactory. His papers published in the “Gazette Médicale" and the "Comptes Rendus de la Société de Biologie," are considered admirable expositions of the effects of the secretions on animal organization; but his reputation as a physiologist was firmly founded by his "Recherches sur les Usages du Pancréas," inserted originally in "Comptes Rendus" to the Academy of Sciences. He has published various papers on physiological subjects, all striking for their minute investigation and close logic, establishing principles previously unknown or unheeded. BERLIOZ, HECTOR, a French musical composer, was born on the 11th of December, 1803, at La Côte St. André, in France. He was intended for the profession of medicine, but soon abandoned it for that of music. Proceeding to Paris, he was enabled to acquire from Reicha and Lesueur, at the Conservatoire, all the instruction within reach likely to fit him for the profession he had adopted. He went to Italy in 1830, and, on his return to France in 1832, produced various operas and symphonies, which BERRYER, PIERRE ANTOINE, a were, however, more scholastic than French lawyer, Legitimist politician, popular in their character. His produc- man of letters, and member of the Intions thoroughly combine the gentle and stitute, was born in Paris in January plaintive with the massive and sonorous 1790. The son of an eminent pleader, elements in music, and his style is founded he was educated at the College of Juilly, on that of Beethoven. and embraced the profession of the law. His first appearance at the bar was in 1811. In politics he was a Legitimist, but believing that clemency would best serve the throne, he joined his father and M. Dupin in defending Marshal Ney and others who had been devoted to the cause of Napoleon. grace in conquerors," said he, "to gather the wounded on the field of battle to lead them to the scaffold." In vain he recommended Ney to the clemency of the Royalists. Notwithstanding the Legitimist traditions of his family, he pursued a course quite independent of party tactics or feeling. In 1816 he attacked the Minister of Police-Decazes, and warmly advocated the rights of the press. In a professional point of view his upright and independent conduct proved of great advantage. His denunciations of all measures that appeared oppressive, brought him immense practice. Returned to the Chamber of 66 "It is a dis BERNARD, CLAUDE, a French anatomist and physiologist, was born at St. Julien, near Villefranche, July 12th, 1813. He studied medicine at Paris, was received into the Hospitals in 1839, and became assistant to M. Magendie in 1841. In 1843 he received his diploma as Doctor of Medicine; and his knowledge increasing with study and practice in his profession, he became Doctor of Sciences in 1853. As principal assistant, in the fullest sense, to M. Magendie, he was called, in 1854, to the Chair of General Physiology, founded by the Paris Faculty of Sciences, and in the same year elected Member of the Academy of Sciences. In 1855 he was appointed Professor of Experimental Physiology to the College of France, succeeding M. Magendie in that chair. M. Bernard struck out a new path in the science of which he was a brilliant teacher; his discoveries were important; and he recalled attention to physiolo- Deputies by the department of Haute gical problems that had been regarded as definitely solved, but of which he Loire, he became the most brilliant orator of the Legitimist party. On the |