KINGLAKE, ALEXANDER WILLIAM, a preliminary home education, at the M.P., was born at Taunton, in 1809. age of twelve he became a pupil of the He was educated at Taunton, Ottery St. Rev. J. Knight, then, of the Rev. Mary, and subsequently at Eton, and Derwent Coleridge, and subsequently, a Trinity College, Cambridge. Having student at King's College, London; taken his degree he entered as a student he then entered Magdalene College, in Lincoln's-inn, and was called to the Cambridge, attaining distinguished bar in 1837. Soon after leaving the honours, and holding a scholarship in university, Mr. Kinglake went to the that university. Mr. Kingsley at first East. On his return, in 1844, he deter- contemplated the law, but he changed mined that he would put his impressions his mind and entered the church. His in print, but not being able to find any first cure was Eversley, a parish in publisher who would undertake the Hampshire, and subsequently he was risk, he agreed with Mr. Olivier, of presented to the rectorship. In the Pall Mall, to publish the book, and literary world he is known as one of the guaranteed him against loss. The work boldest and ablest of the writers of our proved highly successful, was trans- time. In conjunction with the Rev. F. lated into nearly all the languages D. Maurice, and some kindred spirits, of the Continent, and reprinted in he has largely interested himself in America. This was 66 Eothen," a word what Carlyle has called the condition-ofmeaning "From the East." Mr. King- England question, especially on Social lake has never published any other Science and Sanitary Reform. book. Many years ago he wrote two Kingsley's principal works are "The articles in the "Quarterly Review," Saints' Tragedy," "Alton Locke," but with that exception he has never "Westward Ho!" "Hypatia," "Two contributed to any periodicals. He Years Ago," "Glaucus," 'Alexandria accompanied the English army when it and her Schools," landed on the coast of the Crimea in several volumes of sermons. In all his 1854, and was present with Lord works, philosophical thought is, as it were, Raglan at the battle of the Alma, instinctively blended with imaginative and during the flank march and the and descriptive power; they exhibit a seizure of Balaklava. He remained at broad liberality of sentiment, and are the British head-quarters during the pervaded by the one great idea-the first bombardment of Sebastopol, and intellectual and social omnipotence of being then attacked with fever, was the Christian religion. He is an admiobliged to return home. In 1856 he quitted the bar, and in 1857 was returned to the House of Commons as Member for Bridgewater, which seat he continues to hold. He is at present engaged upon a "History of the Crimean War."

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Mr.

Phaethon," and

rable poet, many of the verses introduced through his various works being perfect gems. As an earnest and persevering philanthropist, he stands second to no man who with voice, pen, and means, assists in ameliorating the condition of suffering humanity. In 1860 Mr. KINGSLEY, THE REV. CHARLES, Kingsley was appointed Professor of Rector of Eversley, Hants, Canon of Modern History in the University of Middleham, and Chaplain in Ordinary Cambridge. to the Queen, Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge, was born at Holne vicarage, near Dartmoor, Devonshire, in June, 1819. After

KINKEL, GOTTFRIED, a German poet and art critic, was born in 1815, at Obercassel, on the Rhine. He was educated by his father, a Protestant

and lent themselves to carry the restrictive enactment as it now stands. Lord Kinnaird has lately been created a Baron of the United Kingdom.

KISS, AUGUSTUS, a Prussian sculptor, was born at Pless in Upper Silesia, in 1802. He was educated in the School of Gleiwitz, and afterwards proceeded

minister, and afterwards entered the Lord Grey in 1831. He filled the office Gymnasium, and then the University of of Master of the Buckhounds in 1840-41, Bonn, where he greatly distinguished and is a member of the Privy Council. himself. In 1837 he travelled through His politics are of the liberal order; but Italy as a student, and on his return his name is most associated with an act became a lecturer on divinity, especially of parliament repressive of the spirit on ecclesiastical history, for nine years. trade in Scotland, generally recognized He urged with more boldness than was as "Forbes Mackenzie's Act." Though agreeable to the Prussian Government, Lord Kinnaird and Mr. Mackenzie a separation of church and state, and in differed on many party questions, consequence M. Eichhorn openly ex- they agreed on the wisdom of adoptpressed his hostility to Kinkel. The ing measures to arrest the spread of young professor, seeing his career thus intemperance among the people of checked, surrendered theology and de- Scotland. They abandoned their disvoted his talents to literature, modern tinctions as whig and conservative, civilization, and the fine arts. He was at length, in 1846, regularly appointed as Professor in the University, receiving at the same time the degree of Doctor in Philosophy. He lived quietly, until the revolution of 1848 drew him from retirement into the bustle of public life, when, as a democrat, he gave great offence to the court party in Prussia, to Berlin, where he placed himself especially in 1849, by his opposition to the Manteuffel Ministry, in his capacity of Member of the Lower House of Legislature of Prussia. In June, 1849, he entered a volunteer corps for the defence of the Frankfort constitution, was wounded in the field, taken prisoner by the Prussian troops in the Grand Duchy of Baden, and condemned by courtmartial to imprisonment for life; he was confined in a house of correction, and treated in the most cruel and inhuman manner. In 1850 he made his escape from the fortress of Spandau, proceeded to Edinburgh, ultimately removing to London, where he now lives as a Professor of the German language and literature, and a Lecturer on the History of the Fine Arts. KISSELEFF, PAUL DMITREVITCH, KINNAIRD, GEORGE WILLIAM Fox, a Russian general and diplomatist, was born in 1807, is the ninth born at Moscow, 1788. He entered baron of the title. He succeeded to his the army at an early age, and having father's honours in 1826, and was obtained various grades, became a elevated to the rank of a British peer, trusted aide-de-camp to the Emperor under the title of Baron Rossie, by Alexander I., whom he accompanied to

LORD,

under Rauch and Tieck, and produced various works for a fountain at Charlottenhof, near Potsdam. He afterwards finished "The Mounted Amazon attacked by a Tiger," which was much admired and eventually cast in bronze. That production placed Kiss on his proper platform, and since then his reputation has steadily increased. He executed three colossal equestrian statues of Frederick the Great, and two of Frederick William III., which were cast in bronze; and the statues of four heroes of the Seven Years' War-viz. the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, the Generals Schwerin, Winterfeld, and Seydlitz, also cast in bronze, destined for the square called Wilhelms-Platz, at Berlin.

Wallachia subservient to Russia.

after the Crimean war.

In the

the Congress of Vienna, and afterwards | Honved battalion, and devoted himself to the second entry of the Allies into to the service of his native country. Paris. His success in various missions During the battle of Isaszegh he found secured him the favour of Alexander, himself in the same position as Gerard and of his successor the Emperor under Grouchy during the battle of Nicholas. In 1828 he distinguished Waterloo, unable to induce his comhimself in the war against the Turks, mander Gaspar to overlook the strict and was created Lieutenant-General. letter of his orders and fall upon the He turned his attention to diplomacy rear and flank of the army of Windischin the Principalities, and exercised art grätz, which would have decided that and influence to render Moldavia and campaign. At the taking of Bude on is recall to St. Petersburg he was division, stormed the entrenchments On the 21st May, he, at the head of his highly fêted, and at length was made near the bridge, and was wounded. first officer under the crown. appointed Russian minister at Paris command of a detached division, he He was Named General and appointed to the KLAPKA, GENERAL GEORGE, was 13th June, where their commander beat the Austrians signally at Csorna, born at Temesvar in Hungary, on the General Wiess was killed. On the 27th 7th April, 1820. After receiving a June he had a combat at Thaszi, after military education he was appointed to which he was sent with his division to the 1st Royal Hungarian Life Guards. the Lower Danube, where, on the 16th On the revolution breaking out he July, he forced the Austrians to raise joined the patriotic party, and by his the siege of Peterwardein. energy and skill obtained rapid pro- unfortunate battle of Temesvar, 9th motion. Having gained an advantage August, he commanded the extreme over the Austrians, he was preparing to left wing, and alone retired in good push his results still further, but was order, so that on the 15th August, that prevented by the disastrous events is to say two days after the surrender of which occurred to Georgei and Kossuth. Görgei, he fought on the heights of After surrendering the fortress of Ko- Lugos, the last battle of the Hungarian morn he proceeded to England, and sub- war, which secured the retreat of the sequently published a work entitled refugees into Turkey. The remaining "Memoirs of the War of Independence forces of the general being reduced to in Hungary." He now resides in the utmost distress he disbanded them, Geneva, where he has been naturalized. and made his way into Turkey, and KMETY, GENERAL GEORGE, a Hun- was "interne" at Aleppo till the end of garian soldier, was born at Pokoragy, the year 1851. Hungary, in 1813. He entered the land he published a refutation of the Having fled to Eng19th Regiment of Hungarian Infantry misstatements of Görgei, which appeared in 1833, and in 1840 was promoted to in his memoirs. At the beginning of the rank of sub-Lieutenant and Regi- the Russian war, in 1853, he returned to ment-Adjutant. In 1848 he was named Turkey, offered his services, and was to the command of a company in a sent to the army of Anatolia. During battalion of his regiment which was the blockade of Kars, he commanded a serving against the Croats and Servians. Turkish division under the name of Soon afterwards, on the breaking out of hostilities between Austria and Hun-battle of the 29th September, 1855, he Madjar Ismail Pasha." In the great gary, he received the command of a saved Kars for the moment by

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There, as a member of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, he projected and submitted to the society the plan of the "British Almanack,” and the "Companion to the Almanack." The plan being approved, its execution and the responsibility were left to Mr. Knight. These works proved a great success, and had the effect of expurgating much of the astronomical trash which previously had disgraced this class of books. In the same way, and under the

defeating a Russian army of 30,000 ment, in 1823, of "Knight's Quarterly men, which attacked the heights of Magazine," and his removal to London. Takmass. In front of this position the enemy left 6,000 dead bodies, which fact shows this to have been one of the most bloody battles of modern times. At the surrender of Kars, General Kmety, not wishing to fall into the hands of the Russians, received permission to leave the army, and accompanied by a small escort of Kurds, cut his way through the enemy's lines. Those who knew Kmety, at Kars invariably speak of him as "Dear old Kmety, "for he possessed an intuitive power of winning affection. same responsibility, he edited the "Penny In the ill-organized army which defended the fort, there was scarcely a man that would not have died to preserve the general. There is hardly an example on record of one man making so much good out of such bad materials. His men were badly provisioned, worse clad, were in arrear of pay, and even short of ammunition; yet he kept them together, and held out until the arrival of General Williams.

Magazine." The same may be said of the "Library of Entertaining Knowledge," of which the volume on "The Elephant" was written by Mr. Knight. "The Penny Cyclopædia," says the "Companion to the Almanack" for 1858, p. 15, "was projected by the same publisher to form a moderate-sized book of eight volumes. The plan was perhaps unavoidably departed from. The committee had the honour of the work in its extended KNIGHT, CHARLES, an English form, but without incurring any of the author and publisher, was born at risk, or contributing one shilling to the Windsor, in 1791. His father was a cost, the literary expenditure alone bookseller, printer, and publisher in having reached nearly £40,000. Upon the town, into whose business the sub- the completion of the Cyclopædia the ject of this memoir was introduced at balance upon the outlay above the the age of sixteen. In 1812 he went receipts was £30,788." In a second to London to acquire skill in reporting, great undertaking of the society, and experience in the general man- "The Biographical Dictionary," it took agement of a newspaper. On his upon itself the financial responsibility, return he started the "Windsor and broke down after completing the Express," a paper which still exists, letter A. In 1830, during a time of misalthough Mr. Knight's connexion with chievous agitation against the use of mait ceased in 1826. From 1820 to 1822, chinery, Mr. Knight wrote and published in conjunction with Mr. C. H. Locker, "The Results of Machinery," which had he edited "The Plain Englishman," an almost unprecedented sale, and must which was perhaps the first of the cheap have produced most beneficial effects. His miscellanies destined to drive out of the chief publications since then have been, market the foolish and mischievous in 1831, "The Rights of Industry, tracts which then formed the cheap litera- Capital, and Labour;" in 1839, "The ture of the people. In 1820 he also began Pictorial Shakspeare;" in 1843, "Wilthe publication of the " 'Etonian," the liam Shakspeare," a biography; in 1841, success of which led to the establish- and following years, "London; " in

ferred upon him. In 1858 his health giving way he proceeded to the Continent, remaining there for six months, and returning in 1859 with renewed strength. Mr. Knowles has written one or two theological works, which display a far more extensive acquaintance with doctrine and the laws of controversy than could have been expected from his early training.

1843, and following years, "The Shil- first standard drama, " Virginius," was ling Weekly Volumes, extending to 126 produced and played with great success. numbers, for which he wrote the "Life In 1820 this fine play was brought out of Caxton; " in 1856, "The Popular at Covent-garden, with Macready as History of England," of which six "Virginius," and, in the great centre of volumes have been published. Mr. criticism, established Knowles' reputaKnight is now editing the English tion as the first of living dramatists. He Cyclopædia based upon the Penny afterwards wrote the "Hunchback," the Cyclopædia, but enlarged and separated "Wife," the "Love Chase," "Women's into divisions, of which the Geogra- Wit," "Love," &c. &c., all ranking among phical, Natural History, and Biographical the highest efforts of dramatic genius. Sections have already appeared. Mr. Knowles acted for years in his own KNOWLES, JAMES SHERIDAN, a plays, both in London and the provinces, dramatist and author, was born at and some of his personations, such as Cork, in 1784. About the year 1792" Master Walter," in the "Hunchhis father removed to London, taking back," could not be excelled for their with him his son James, then about development of character. About ten eight years of age. Four years later years ago a pension of £200 was conhis passion for the drama had displayed itself, and at that early age he wrote a play for a company of juvenile actors, of which he was himself the chief. At the age of fourteen he wrote the ballad of the "Welsh Harper;" he was soon after introduced to Mr. Hazlitt, whom he always mentioned with pleasure for his continuous kindness to him, and through Charles Lamb he made the acquaintance of the leading literary KOBELL, FRANZ VON, a German celebrities of the metropolis. After poet and man of science, was born at residing in London for some years he Munich, in July 1803. He studied in his exchanged the English for the Irish native city, and at the age of twentymetropolis as his residence; and in three became one of the professors of mineDublin it was that his début as an actor ralogy. He has written numerous works was made. The success of the effort on this branch of natural history. For his was not very promising, and for a time services to the cause of science he has been the stage was abandoned; though after-decorated with a number of orders, is wards resumed at Waterford, where he member of the Bavarian Academy of was an actor and singer in the same Sciences, and has the principal charge company as Edmund Kean, for whom of the mineralogical collection at he wrote a tragedy entitled "Leo, or Munich, besides holding other situa the Gipsy," but which has not been pre- tions of profit and honour. He is also served. Some years afterwards, having the author of several poetical works, repaired to Belfast, in the theatre of chiefly popular in Bavaria, as they are which his first tragedy, Caius Gracchus, written in the dialect or patois of that was produced, he was induced to open part of Germany. an academy as a teacher of elocution KOCK, CHARLES HENRI EMMANUEL, and grammar. Subsequently he settled a German naturalist and traveller, born for some years in Glasgow, where his in 1809, at Weimar, and educated